CN117118611A - Method and system for distributing continuous variable quantum key of optical fiber with high code rate of local oscillation along path - Google Patents
Method and system for distributing continuous variable quantum key of optical fiber with high code rate of local oscillation along path Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a method and a system for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator, which comprises the following steps: step S1: the continuous variable initial key distribution step specifically comprises the following steps: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data; step S2: the data post-processing step comprises the following steps: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key. The application is a continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme with high key rate under the prior optical fiber channel, and can reach the order of hundred megabps under a short distance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of quantum key distribution, in particular to a method and a system for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator; more particularly, it relates to a method and a system for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator based on a thermal state source.
Background
In many conventional high-code-rate continuous variable quantum key distribution systems (CVQKD), random key information generated by a quantum true random number generator is modulated and encoded onto weak coherent light by using an amplitude and phase modulator to realize key distribution, for example, gaussian modulation quantum key distribution (GMCS-CVQKD), i.e., a gaussian distributed quantum true random number is modulated onto a regular component of the weak coherent light by using the amplitude and phase modulator and is transmitted to a receiver through an optical fiber or a free space channel. Discrete variable quantum key modulation (DVQKD) systems also implement modulation of a limited number of quantum states by an amplitude and phase modulator and send to a receiver for demodulation and detection. Both of these approaches require not only a quantum true random number generator, but also an active amplitude and phase modulator to achieve linear modulation of the optical signal. However, the operation of actual devices often has nonlinear effects, resulting in the inability of the generated initial key information to achieve linear modulation on the light field component, which in turn affects system implementation. In addition, in the field of quantum key distribution based on thermal state light sources, whether a fiber channel or a free space channel, there is no mature high-code rate quantum key distribution scheme.
Patent document CN111970110a discloses a quantum key distribution system, which comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end; the transmitting end comprises: the quantum light transmitting module is used for preparing quantum state signals; the first laser communication sending module is used for encoding original synchronous information to be transmitted into a first laser signal; the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for combining the quantum state signal and the first laser signal and then sending the combined quantum state signal and the first laser signal to the receiving end; the first laser communication receiving module is used for receiving a second laser signal sent by the receiving end and realizing tracking and aiming of the receiving end according to the second laser signal; the receiving end comprises: the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for separating the quantum state signal and the first laser signal from the combined signal; the quantum light receiving module is used for receiving and detecting the quantum state signals; the second laser communication receiving module is used for decoding original synchronous information from the first laser signal and realizing tracking and aiming along with the transmitting end according to the first laser signal; and the second laser communication transmitting module is used for transmitting a second laser signal. But the application does not solve the problem of continuous variable quantum key distribution based on thermal state light sources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a method and a system for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator.
The application provides a method for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
step S2: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
Preferably, in said step S1:
step S1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
step S1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
step S1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
Preferably, the method does not perform time division and wavelength division multiplexing, does not perform pulse modulation, and realizes the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals by the sender Alice and the receiver Bob, and utilizes a high-bandwidth photoelectric detection detector and an oscilloscope to acquire initial key data at high speed so as to realize high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Preferably, in said step S1.2:
step s1.2.1: the sender Alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
step S1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
Preferably, in said step S2:
step S2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
step S2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, and noise and modulation variance parameters are obtained;
step S2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
The application provides a continuous variable quantum key distribution system of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator, which comprises the following components:
module M1: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
module M2: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
Preferably, in the module M1:
module M1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
module M1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
module M1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
Preferably, the method does not perform time division and wavelength division multiplexing, does not perform pulse modulation, and realizes the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals by the sender Alice and the receiver Bob, and utilizes a high-bandwidth photoelectric detection detector and an oscilloscope to acquire initial key data at high speed so as to realize high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Preferably, in said module M1.2:
module M1.2.1: the sender Alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
module M1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
Preferably, in said module M2:
module M2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
module M2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, and noise and modulation variance parameters are obtained;
module M2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method provided by the application can realize the channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber CVQKD safe coding based on a thermal state source, is a continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme with high key rate under the current optical fiber channel, and can reach hundred megabps magnitude under short distance;
2. the unique preparation over-noise suppression mode realizes over-noise reduction and overall stability under the scheme based on the thermal state light source, solves a great trouble of continuous variable quantum key distribution based on the thermal state light source, and is a necessary condition for high-code rate quantum key distribution;
3. the application uses the high bandwidth detector, improves the upper limit of the continuous variable quantum key rate under the optical fiber channel, and provides a new scheme for the high code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on the thermal state.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution method based on a thermal state source.
Wherein: ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) the amplified spontaneous radiation heat source, two 50:50 beam splitters are arranged in the Alice end, the two paths of input optical signals are respectively divided into two paths, one path of optical signals output by one signal beam splitting is rotated by 90 degrees in phase, the other path of optical signals output by the other beam splitting is unchanged in phase, 90-degree Hybrid is an optical mixer, and Hom is a high-bandwidth quantum balance homodyne detector. The Bob end contains a 99: the 1 beam splitter is used to monitor polarization leakage.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present application, but are not intended to limit the application in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
the method for completely realizing the distribution of the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the high code rate by the random local oscillation based on the thermal state source can not only utilize the internal random fluctuation of the heat source to generate quantum true random numbers and omit a random number generator and an amplitude and phase modulator, but also only add partial preparation over-noise, and the extra preparation over-noise can be restrained by controlling the average photon number of the thermal state light source and the attenuation coefficient in an optical path. It is worth noting that the total excessive noise of quantum key distribution based on a thermal state light source is reduced by greatly improving the attenuation coefficient, and meanwhile, the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector is used, so that the method is a key technical breakthrough of a high-code rate quantum key distribution scheme for carrying out fiber channel transmission based on the thermal state light source.
In a word, the channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme based on the thermal state source can realize continuous variable quantum key distribution with high code rate and wide application value by a relatively simple experimental scheme and relatively low device cost.
The application relates to quantum key distribution, in particular to a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) method based on a thermal state source, in particular to a technology for realizing a CVQKD system in a low-cost and simplified manner by optimizing a transmitting end information source, polarization multiplexing, photoelectric detection and over-noise control of the CVQKD, and simultaneously greatly improving the safety code rate performance of the CVQKD under an optical fiber channel. The method utilizes regular components generated by random fluctuation in a thermal state light source to realize random coding of light field components which are difficult to each other in continuous variable quantum cipher communication, and can realize high code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution under a fiber channel without a quantum true random number generator and an amplitude and phase modulator although the noise generated by partial coded signals is equivalently increased.
The application provides a thermal state source-based random local oscillation high-code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which specifically comprises the following steps: step A: adopting a continuous variable initial key distribution step of a thermal state light source, namely carrying out heterodyne detection on the thermal state light source by utilizing a sender Alice, carrying out polarization multiplexing transmission in an optical fiber channel after beam combination by a polarization beam splitter, and carrying out homodyne detection after polarization demultiplexing by a receiver Bob to obtain initial continuous key data; and (B) step (B): the method is characterized in that the data post-processing algorithm is utilized to perform preprocessing, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data, and a final secure binary bit key is obtained. The application can directly realize the high-code-rate continuous variable quantum key distribution under the optical fiber channel by adopting the thermal state light source without an intensity and phase modulator and a random number source, thereby reducing the realization complexity of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system and realizing the continuous variable quantum key distribution with high key rate.
The method for distributing the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the path local oscillation and the high code rate provided by the application, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1: the continuous variable initial key distribution step specifically comprises the following steps: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
specifically, in the step S1:
step S1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
step S1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
step S1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
Specifically, the method does not perform time division and wavelength division multiplexing, does not perform pulse modulation, and realizes the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals by a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and utilizes a high-bandwidth photoelectric detection detector and an oscilloscope to acquire initial key data at high speed so as to realize high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Specifically, in said step S1.2:
step s1.2.1: the sender Alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
step S1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
Step S2: the data post-processing step comprises the following steps: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
Specifically, in the step S2:
step S2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
step S2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, so that parameters such as noise, modulation variance and the like are obtained;
step S2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
Example 2:
example 2 is a preferable example of example 1 to more specifically explain the present application.
The application also provides a channel-associated local oscillator high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system, which can be realized by executing the flow steps of the channel-associated local oscillator high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution method, namely, the channel-associated local oscillator high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution method can be understood by a person skilled in the art as a preferred implementation mode of the channel-associated local oscillator high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
The application provides a continuous variable quantum key distribution system of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator, which comprises the following components:
module M1: the continuous variable initial key distribution step specifically comprises the following steps: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
specifically, in the module M1:
module M1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
module M1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
module M1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
Specifically, the method does not perform time division and wavelength division multiplexing, does not perform pulse modulation, and realizes the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals by a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and utilizes a high-bandwidth photoelectric detection detector and an oscilloscope to acquire initial key data at high speed so as to realize high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Specifically, in the module M1.2:
module M1.2.1: the sender Alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
module M1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
Module M2: the data post-processing step comprises the following steps: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
Specifically, in the module M2:
module M2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
module M2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, so that parameters such as noise, modulation variance and the like are obtained;
module M2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
Example 3:
example 3 is a preferable example of example 1 to more specifically explain the present application.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution based on a thermal state source, which is a technology for realizing high-code-rate quantum key distribution in a relatively simple and low-cost mode by optimizing a transmitting end information source, polarization multiplexing, photoelectric detection and over-noise control of CVQKD. The method can be used for quantum key distribution under the optical fiber channel and can be effectively used for CVQKD realization of the integrated chip optical fiber channel.
The application discloses a high-code-rate continuous variable quantum key distribution method adopting a thermal state light source based on a random local oscillator, which comprises the following steps:
step A: the continuous variable initial key distribution step specifically comprises the following steps: a sender Alice uses a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector to amplify, filter, polarize and split half of the thermal state optical signals of the thermal state light source, heterodyne detection is carried out, results X and P are used as local initial keys, the other half of the thermal state optical signals are attenuated and then transmitted with local oscillation optical beams through an optical fiber channel, homodyne detection is carried out by a receiver Bob, and corresponding initial continuous key data are obtained;
and (B) step (B): the continuous data post-processing step specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) performing data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data by Bob, and finally obtaining a secure binary bit key.
Preferably, the step a includes the steps of:
step A1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) system based on a thermal state source, and the method comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source (amplified spontaneous emission), an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer (Hybrid), a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
step A2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50: the 50 optical beam splitter divides the light beam into two beams, one beam and a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter are input into the optical mixer to perform heterodyne detection, regular components X and P of the detection result are used for obtaining an initial Key Key1, the other beam is attenuated by the optical attenuator and then is combined with the other part of local oscillation optical signals through the polarization optical beam splitter, and the combined signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob through an optical fiber channel.
Step A3: the Bob end performs polarization demultiplexing after adjusting polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a small-occupied beam of thermal state optical signals by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization. A beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
The ASE is the prior art, such as the product ASE Light Source of Golight company, etc.;
the optical amplifier is in the prior art, such as KY-EDFA-0-30-D-FA, etc. of the Kogyo photoelectric company;
the high-bandwidth quantum balance homodyne detector is in the prior art, such as BPR-23-M product of Optilab company;
the step A2 comprises the following steps:
step a2.1: alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
step a2.2: alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter at the same time, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X (which are the regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals) is obtained through a quantum balance homodyne detector, and the other path of the initial key data X is transmitted to Bob together with the signal after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
The step B comprises the following steps:
step B1: bob and Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
wherein, the frame synchronization can be realized by a person skilled in the art learning the prior art, for example, the frame synchronization without special frame can be realized by referring to the method and the system for synchronizing non-special frame bit and frame of a quantum key distribution system disclosed in the Chinese patent document (application number: 2019106418841, publication number: CN 110213034A), and in the patent document, the frame synchronization without special modulation frame is called as the method for synchronizing non-special frame bit and frame of a quantum key distribution system;
the phase compensation based on data processing can be achieved by those skilled in the art through learning the prior art, and for example, the phase compensation based on data processing can be achieved by referring to a "quantum key distribution system phase compensation method" (application number 201410567665.0, publication number CN104301101 a) disclosed in the chinese patent literature, in which the "phase compensation based on data processing" is referred to as "quantum key distribution system phase compensation".
Step B2: alice and Bob publish partial initial key data to perform parameter evaluation to obtain parameters such as over-noise, modulation variance and the like;
step B3: bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through channel parameters to obtain the information compression rate, and finally outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement. Methods of calculation are well known, for example, those skilled in the art can refer to papers Qi, b., gunther, h, evans, p.g., williams, b.p., camacho, r.m., peters, n.a. (2020), experimental passive-state preparation for continuous-variable quatum communications, physical Review applications, 13 (5), 054065.
The step A2 comprises the following steps:
step a2.1: alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
step a2.2: alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter at the same time, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X (which are the regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals) is obtained through a quantum balance homodyne detector, and the other path of the initial key data X is transmitted to Bob together with the signal after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the application provides a system and its individual devices, modules, units, etc. that can be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps, in addition to being implemented as pure computer readable program code, in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the application can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units for realizing various functions included in the system can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, and units for implementing the various functions may also be considered as either software modules for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the application. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A method for distributing a continuous variable quantum key of a high-code-rate optical fiber of a random local oscillator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
step S2: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
2. The method for distributing the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the local oscillation high code rate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1:
step S1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
step S1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
step S1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
3. The method for distributing the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the path local oscillation high code rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
the method does not carry out time division and wavelength division multiplexing and pulse modulation, the sender Alice and the receiver Bob realize the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals, and the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and the oscilloscope are utilized to acquire initial key data at high speed, so that the high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution is realized.
4. The method for distributing the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the local oscillation high code rate according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1.2:
step s1.2.1: the sender Alice performs preparation over-noise control by adjusting ASE light source, optical amplifier and optical attenuator to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
step S1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
5. The method for distributing the continuous variable quantum key of the optical fiber with the local oscillation high code rate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2:
step S2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
step S2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, and noise and modulation variance parameters are obtained;
step S2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
6. A random local oscillator high code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system is characterized by comprising:
module M1: the sender Alice performs heterodyne detection on half of the thermal state optical signals after polarization beam splitting of the thermal state light source, takes the results X and P as local initial keys, attenuates the other half of the thermal state optical signals, transmits the other half of the thermal state optical signals and local oscillation beam combining through an optical fiber channel, and performs homodyne or heterodyne detection on the other half of the thermal state optical signals by a receiver Bob to obtain corresponding initial continuous key data;
module M2: the receiving side Bob performs data frame synchronization, phase compensation, parameter evaluation, error correction and confidentiality enhancement on the obtained initial continuous key data to obtain a binary bit key.
7. The random local oscillator high code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, wherein in the module M1:
module M1.1: the method comprises the steps that a sender Alice and a receiver Bob initialize communication of a channel local oscillation high-code-rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on a thermal state source, and the communication comprises initializing an ASE thermal state light source, an optical amplifier, an optical band-pass filter, a polarized light beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and a control circuit in the system;
module M1.2: the Alice terminal amplifies a thermal state optical signal generated by an ASE thermal state optical source through an optical amplifier, and then the thermal state optical signal passes through a narrow-band optical filter to obtain a thermal state optical signal with the wavelength concentrated at 1550nm, and the thermal state optical signal passes through 50:50, splitting the optical beam splitter into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to heterodyne detection by using a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector after being input into an optical mixer together with a part of local oscillation optical signals generated by a 1550nm laser source and passing through the 50:50 optical beam splitter, acquiring initial Key Key1 by using regular components X and P of a detection result, and the other beam is subjected to attenuation by an optical attenuator and is subjected to beam combination with the other part of local oscillation optical signals by a polarization beam combiner and then transmitted to a receiver Bob by an optical fiber channel;
module M1.3: the receiving party Bob adjusts polarization of the received optical signal sent by Alice, then performs polarization demultiplexing to obtain a thermal state optical signal and a local oscillator optical signal, and passes the thermal state optical signal through 99:1, measuring a beam of thermal state optical signals which occupy a relatively small space by using an optical power meter, and monitoring polarization leakage as feedback for adjusting polarization; a beam of thermal state optical signals and local oscillation optical signals which occupy a large area are input into the optical mixer at the same time, homodyne detection is performed by using the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector, and the regular component X or P of the received thermal state optical signals is obtained to serve as initial Key data Key2.
8. The random local oscillator high code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, wherein:
the method does not carry out time division and wavelength division multiplexing and pulse modulation, the sender Alice and the receiver Bob realize the interference of continuous thermal state signal light and local oscillation light signals, and the high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and the oscilloscope are utilized to acquire initial key data at high speed, so that the high-code rate continuous variable quantum key distribution is realized.
9. The random local oscillator high code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 7, wherein in the module M1.2:
module M1.2.1: the sender Alice adjusts the ASE light source and the lightThe amplifier and the optical attenuator perform preparation over-noise control to make the preparation over-noise smaller than 0.01, and the modulation variance V is at the moment A The value range of (2) is more than 0 and less than 10, wherein V A ＝0.5n 0 ，n 0 The average photon number of the thermal state optical signal after passing through the band-pass filter;
module M1.2.2: the sender Alice reserves the other half of the thermal optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter to be local, and inputs the other half of the thermal optical signals and a 1550nm local oscillation optical signal generated by the laser into the Hybrid mixer through a part of the local oscillation optical signals split by the 50:50 optical beam splitter, so that the interference of two paths of continuous optical signals is realized, initial key data X is obtained through a high-bandwidth photoelectric detector and is the value of regular components X and P of the thermal optical signals, and the other path of thermal optical signals and the local oscillation optical signals are transmitted to a receiver Bob together after being split by the polarization beam combiner.
10. The random local oscillator high code rate optical fiber continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, wherein in the module M2:
module M2.1: the receiving party Bob and the sending party Alice perform frame synchronization of initial continuous key data and perform multi-round phase compensation based on data processing;
module M2.2: the sender Alice and the receiver Bob publish part of initial key data to perform parameter evaluation, and noise and modulation variance parameters are obtained;
module M2.3: the receiving party Bob calculates the Holevo limit and the mutual information quantity of legal communication parties through the channel parameters, obtains the information compression rate and outputs a final key through confidentiality enhancement.
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