CN117117481A - Dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna - Google Patents
Dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN117117481A CN117117481A CN202311146779.3A CN202311146779A CN117117481A CN 117117481 A CN117117481 A CN 117117481A CN 202311146779 A CN202311146779 A CN 202311146779A CN 117117481 A CN117117481 A CN 117117481A
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 55
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna, which is characterized in that two circles of symmetrical dual-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings are uniformly distributed around a back-to-back round patch resonator loaded by an annular hole, five low-frequency vertical electric field components and six high-frequency vertical electric field components are radially obtained in the whole antenna, the directions of a second electric field component and a third electric field component at low frequency are opposite to those of the other three electric field components through interval control, and the directions of the second electric field component, the third electric field component and the six electric field components at high frequency are opposite to those of the other three electric field components, so that the gain of omnidirectional radiation can be enhanced at low frequency and high frequency, and the dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna with high gain can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave communication device, in particular to a dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna.
Background
An omni-directional antenna is an antenna which can realize 360-degree coverage on a horizontal plane or a specified elevation angle section and has equivalent gain in each azimuth, and has the characteristic of large coverage in a communication system. An omni-directional planar antenna means that the outline of the omni-directional antenna is planar, so that the omni-directional radiation can be realized with a lower profile, and a typical omni-directional planar antenna is a microstrip omni-directional antenna. A vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna is advantageous for overcoming interference in the transmission path. The dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna can work in two frequency bands and is vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation, so that the number of antennas is reduced during dual-frequency coverage, and multi-system compatibility, such as N78 and N79 frequency bands of 5G communication, is improved. Therefore, the design of the dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna has higher engineering and research values.
The conventional vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna is mainly realized by a single resonator, when the gain needs to be improved, the antenna must be realized in an array mode, and an additional feed network is necessarily introduced at the moment, and the feed network increases the structural complexity of the whole antenna and loses the planarization structural characteristics. There are two main types of vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas that achieve gain boost through a planar structure: one is to introduce a circular symmetric director along the periphery of the driving resonance structure, such as a unilateral short circuit lamination metal ring or a multi-section unilateral short circuit lamination metal arc line segment, and realize guiding and improving gain in a way of compensating phase by path difference; and the other is a high refractive index unit formed by introducing a plurality of central short circuit lamination square patches along the periphery of the driving resonance structure, and beam focusing is realized through the high refractive index, so that the gain is improved. Because the driving resonance structure and the peripheral directors or the high-refractive index units of the two methods work in a single frequency mode, only a single-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional plane antenna can be realized, and the gain improving effect can only be reflected in a single frequency band. The method for realizing the vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna on two frequency bands and improving the gains of the two frequency bands has no relevant report at present and needs to be explored and invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the prior art, the dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna is provided, so that dual-frequency operation is realized, and the gain of the dual-frequency operation is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: a dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna comprises a top metal structure, a dielectric substrate and a bottom metal structure, wherein a back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by a ring-shaped hole in the center and two circles of back-to-back square metal rings loaded by two circles of symmetrical double holes of the back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the ring-shaped hole are formed; wherein the double holes of the inner circle of the symmetrical double hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring are distributed around the circumference, and the edge spacing between the circumference and the back-to-back circular patch loaded by the annular holes is 0.21 lambda 01 -0.23λ 01 Between them; the double holes of the ring of the symmetrical double hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring on the outer side are also distributed around the circumference, and the edge spacing between the circumference and the back-to-back circular patch loaded by the annular hole is 0.66 lambda 01 -0.68λ 01 Between lambda 01 And loading the annular holes with air wavelengths corresponding to the low-frequency resonance points of the back-to-back circular patch resonators.
Further, the top metal structure comprises a top circular metal patch with a circular groove in the center and two circles of top square metal rings surrounding the circular metal patch; the bottom metal structure comprises a bottom round metal patch and two circles of bottom square metal rings which are symmetrical to the top round metal patch and the two circles of top square metal rings respectively; the top layer circular metal patch is connected with the bottom layer circular metal patch through a circle of metallized through holes which are distributed in an annular mode; the top-layer square metal ring is connected with the right opposite bottom-layer square metal ring through two metallized through holes, and the two metallized through holes are respectively positioned at the center points of two ring arms parallel to the radial direction; the metal ring is arranged in the ring groove of the top-layer circular metal patch, and the metal probe penetrates through the non-metallized via hole and is connected with the metal ring.
Further, a circle of the back-to-back square metal rings of the symmetrical double-hole loading on the inner side are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees of central angles, and a circle of the back-to-back square metal rings of the symmetrical double-hole loading on the outer side are arranged at intervals of 22.5 degrees of central angles.
Further, the circumference of the top circular metal patch is 1.32λ 01 -1.35λ 01 The central circumference of the top square metal ring is 0.42 lambda 01 -0.44λ 01 Between them.
Further, electromagnetic wave signals are fed by the metal probe and first enter the back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the annular hole to excite TM 01 Mode and TM 02 The mode corresponds to the low-frequency resonance point and the high-frequency resonance point respectively, the frequency ratio of the two modes is controlled by adjusting the distance between the metallized via hole and the center in the back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the annular hole, and when the metallized via hole is far away from the center of the resonator, TM 01 Mode-corresponding low-frequency resonance point is lowered, TM 02 The high frequency resonance point corresponding to the mode rises.
The beneficial effects are that: the existing vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna cannot work in double frequencies and can not increase the gain in double frequencies. According to the invention, two circles of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings are uniformly distributed around the annular hole loaded back-to-back circular patch resonator, five low-frequency vertical electric field components and six high-frequency vertical electric field components are radially obtained in the whole antenna, the second electric field component and the third electric field component at low frequency are opposite in direction to the other three electric field components through interval control, and the second electric field component, the third electric field component and the six electric field components at high frequency are opposite in direction to the other three electric field components, so that the gain of omnidirectional radiation can be enhanced at the same time at low frequency and high frequency, and the double-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna with high gain is realized.
Specifically, the back-to-back square metal rings loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes are placed at intervals of 30 degrees of central angles, all symmetrical double holes on the square metal rings are distributed around the circumference, and the interval between the circumference and the edge of the circular metal patch is 0.21 lambda 01 -0.23λ 01 In between, at low frequency, two equidirectional vertical electric field components are induced inside the device, and at high frequency, two opposite directions are induced inside the deviceThe vertical electric field component can therefore gather electromagnetic waves in the vertical tangential plane into the horizontal plane at the same time at high and low frequencies.
The second circle of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings are placed at intervals of 22.5-degree central angles, all symmetrical double holes are also distributed around the circumference during placement, and the interval between the circumference and the edge of the circular metal patch is 0.66 lambda 01 -0.68λ 01 The electromagnetic wave on the vertical tangential plane can be further gathered in the horizontal plane at high and low frequencies.
The back-to-back circular metal patch loaded by the annular metal holes is used as a driving resonator, the metal holes are uniformly distributed on the loop line, the upper and lower circular metal patches are provided with circular grooves, the metal ring embedded at the top of the resonator and a non-metallized via hole arranged in the center are used for connecting a metal probe to be used as a feed structure of the driving resonator, and the driving resonator is excited to respectively work at low-frequency and high-frequency TM 01 TM (TM) 02 The positions of the annular metal holes can regulate the frequency ratio of the two modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna;
fig. 2 is a top-layer structure diagram of a substrate of a dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna;
fig. 3 is a substrate base layer structure diagram of a dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna;
FIG. 4 is the result of the matching and gain simulation of an embodiment with an antenna with only a driven resonator;
fig. 5 shows simulation results of antenna patterns of the embodiment and the driving resonator only, wherein (a) is a vertical tangential plane simulation pattern of 3.5GHz in the first frequency band, (b) is a horizontal tangential plane simulation pattern of 3.5GHz in the first frequency band, (c) is a vertical tangential plane simulation pattern of 4.9GHz in the second frequency band, and (d) is a horizontal tangential plane simulation pattern of 4.9GHz in the second frequency band.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna is composed of a top metal structure 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a bottom metal structure 3, a via 4 and a metal probe 5.
The top metal structure 1 consists of a circular metal patch 101 with a circular groove 102 at the center, a metal circular ring 103 and two circles of square metal rings 104, the whole structure is positioned on the upper surface of the medium substrate 2, and the center is aligned with the center of the medium substrate; two circles of square metal rings 104 encircle the circular metal patch 101, the first circle of square metal rings are arranged at intervals of 30-degree central angles, and the interval between the central line circle of the rings and the edge of the circular metal patch 101 is 0.21 lambda 01 -0.23λ 01 Between lambda 01 For the air wavelength corresponding to low frequency, the second square metal rings are arranged at intervals of 22.5 degrees of central angle, and the distance between the central line circle of the ring and the edge of the round metal patch 101 is 0.66 lambda 01 -0.68λ 01 Between them.
The bottom metal structure 3 is located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the center of the whole structure is aligned with the center of the dielectric substrate, and mainly comprises a circular metal patch 301 with a circular groove 302 at the center and two circles of square metal rings 303. Wherein the overall peripheral contours of the bottom circular metal patch 301 and the top circular metal patch 101 are aligned and connected by eight metallized vias 401 uniformly arranged along the circumference. The bottom square metal ring 303 corresponds to the top square metal ring 104 one by one and is aligned up and down, and the top and bottom square metal rings in the same position are all connected by two metallized vias 402, which are located parallel to the center points of the two radial ring arms. The metal probes 5 pass through the non-metallized vias 403 and connect to the top metal ring 103.
The circumference of the circular metal patch 101 is 1.32λ 01 -1.35λ 01 Between them, the center circumference of the square metal ring 104 is 0.42λ 01 -0.44λ 01 Between them.
The circular metal patch 101 with the circular groove 102 on the top layer, the circular metal patch 301 with the circular groove 302 on the bottom layer, the dielectric substrate 2 and the metallized via 401 form a back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the circular hole, and the circular patch resonator is used as a driving resonator. The top square metal ring 104, the bottom square metal ring 303, the dielectric substrate 2 and the metallized via 402 form two circles of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings.
For the proposed dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna, electromagnetic wave signals are fed in by a metal probe, firstly enter a driving resonator, and excite two resonance modes of the driving resonator to respectively correspond to a low-frequency resonance point and a high-frequency resonance point: mode one is TM 01 The mode, its electric field is perpendicular to upper and lower metal surfaces, along the radial direction electric field of resonator is equidirectional and only has a peak value of amplitude, the amplitude is invariable in the resonator circumference direction; mode two is TM 02 The mode has electric field perpendicular to the upper and lower metal surfaces, reverse electric field exists along the radial direction of the resonator, and the electric field in different directions has one amplitude peak value, and the amplitude is unchanged along the circumferential direction of the resonator. The frequency ratio of the two modes can be controlled by utilizing the change of the metallized via hole, and when the metallized via hole is far away from the center of the resonator, the TM 01 The low frequency resonance point corresponding to the mode will drop, TM 02 The high frequency resonance point corresponding to the mode will rise.
Subsequently, the resonator TM is driven 01 The vertical electric field of the mode is coupled to the back-to-back square metal rings loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes along the radial direction, the inner side annular arm of each symmetrical double hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring induces the vertical electric field and transmits the vertical electric field to the outer side annular arm to form the same-direction vertical electric field, so that the electric field on the vertical tangential plane at the low frequency is gathered into the back-to-back square metal rings loaded by the symmetrical double holes, and the radial gain at the low frequency can be improved. At the same time, drive resonator TM 02 The mode vertical electric field is coupled to the first circle of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings along the radial direction, the inner annular arm of each symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring also induces the vertical electric field, and the vertical electric field is transmitted to the outer annular arm to form the reverse vertical electric field, so that the electric field on the vertical tangential plane at high frequency gathers to the symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back squareThe metal ring can be used for increasing radial gain at high frequency.
Finally, the low and high frequency vertical component electric fields within the first ring of symmetrically double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings are further coupled to the second ring of symmetrically double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal rings. At low frequency, the inner annular arm induces a vertical electric field, and then the vertical electric field is transmitted to the outer annular arm to form a homodromous vertical electric field, and the electric field on the vertical tangential plane at the low frequency is further gathered into a back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the symmetrical double holes, so that the radial gain at the low frequency is improved again. During high frequency, the inner annular arm induces a vertical electric field, and then the vertical electric field is transferred to the outer annular arm to form a reverse vertical electric field, and the electric field on the vertical tangential plane at the high frequency is further gathered into a back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the symmetrical double holes, so that the radial gain during high frequency is increased again.
The vertical electric field component of the integral antenna along the radial direction has different distribution characteristics at low frequency and high frequency. At low frequency, five vertical electric field components exist in the radial radius range and are respectively positioned in the driving resonator, the first circle of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring inner and outer arms are respectively positioned in the driving resonator, and the second circle of symmetrical double-hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring inner and outer arms are respectively positioned in the driving resonator. At high frequency, six vertical electric field components exist in the radial radius range and are respectively positioned inside and outside the via hole of the driving resonator, the inner and outer arms of the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes, and the inner and outer arms of the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the second circle of symmetrical double holes. For low-frequency and high-frequency operation, the pointing relation of the electric field components is determined by the distance between the driving resonator, the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes and the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the second circle of symmetrical double holes, and the electric field distribution of the inside of the driving resonator, the first circle of symmetrical double holes and the second circle of symmetrical double holes. When the distance between the central line circle of the first square metal ring and the edge of the circular metal patch is 0.21λ 01 -0.23λ 01 The distance between the center line circle of the second square metal ring and the edge of the round metal patch is 0.66 lambda 01 -0.68λ 01 In between, the second, third and sixth electric field components of the low frequency are directed to be opposite to the other three electric field components, and the second, third and sixth electric field components of the high frequency are directed to be opposite to the other three electric field components. At this time, the liquid crystal display device,the near-field vertical electric field distribution of low frequency and high frequency can be enhanced in the vertical electric field component of the far-field horizontal plane area, so that the effect of enhancing the gain is achieved.
In the overall performance trend, the increase of the edge distance between the driving resonator and the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes in a given range will increase the high-frequency gain and decrease the low-frequency gain, and the increase of the edge distance between the driving resonator and the back-to-back square metal ring loaded by the first circle of symmetrical double holes in a given range will increase the low-frequency gain and decrease the high-frequency gain. The number of the back-to-back square metal ring-shaped driving resonators with symmetrical double-hole loading is distributed to influence the roundness of the radiation pattern of the whole antenna, and the more the number of the back-to-back square metal ring-shaped driving resonators with symmetrical double-hole loading is distributed to the circumference of the whole antenna, the better the roundness of the radiation pattern of the whole antenna is.
The dielectric substrate used in this embodiment is RO4003C, and the antenna has an electrical size of 1.91 lambda 01 ×1.91λ 01 The overall antenna structure is schematically shown in fig. 1 to 3. Fig. 4 compares the antenna matching and gain simulation results of the present embodiment with those of the drive-only resonator. As can be seen from fig. 4, the present embodiment achieves dual-band operation, wherein the low-frequency operation band covers 3.47 GHz-3.51 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 1.2%, the maximum gain at low frequency is increased from 0.52dBi for driving the resonator only to 2.55dBi in this case, the high-frequency operation band covers 4.87 GHz-4.97 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 2.0%, and the maximum gain at high frequency is increased from 0.93dBi for driving the resonator only to 3.75dBi in this case. Fig. 5 shows simulation results of the antenna pattern of the present embodiment and the antenna pattern of the driving resonator only, and it can be seen that, compared with the antenna corresponding to the driving resonator only, the present embodiment can achieve beam focusing on the vertical tangential plane in both the two operating frequency bands, gain values of the two frequency bands are increased in the horizontal tangential plane, and meanwhile, roundness of the pattern is well maintained, so that a dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna with a gain enhancing effect is achieved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna is characterized by comprising a top metal structure (1), a dielectric substrate (2) and a bottom metal structure (3), wherein a back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by an annular hole in the center and two circles of back-to-back square metal rings loaded by two circles of symmetrical double holes of the back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the annular hole are formed; wherein the double holes of the inner circle of the symmetrical double hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring are distributed around the circumference, and the edge spacing between the circumference and the back-to-back circular patch loaded by the annular holes is 0.21 lambda 01 -0.23λ 01 Between them; the double holes of the ring of the symmetrical double hole loaded back-to-back square metal ring on the outer side are also distributed around the circumference, and the edge spacing between the circumference and the back-to-back circular patch loaded by the annular hole is 0.66 lambda 01 -0.68λ 01 Between lambda 01 And loading the annular holes with air wavelengths corresponding to the low-frequency resonance points of the back-to-back circular patch resonators.
2. The dual-band vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna of claim 1, wherein said top metal structure (1) comprises a top circular metal patch (101) with a circular slot (102) in the center and two rings of top square metal rings (104) surrounding said circular metal patch (101); the bottom metal structure (3) comprises a bottom circular metal patch (301) and two circles of bottom square metal rings (303) which are symmetrical to the top circular metal patch (101) and the two circles of top square metal rings (104) respectively; the top-layer circular metal patch (101) is connected with the bottom-layer circular metal patch (301) through a circle of metallized via holes (401) which are annularly distributed; the top-layer square metal ring (104) is connected with the opposite bottom-layer square metal ring (303) through two metallized through holes (402), and the two metallized through holes (402) are respectively positioned at the center points of two ring arms parallel to the radial direction; a metal ring (103) is arranged in a ring groove (102) of the top-layer circular metal patch (101), and a metal probe (5) passes through the non-metallized via hole (403) and is connected with the metal ring (103).
3. The dual-band vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna of claim 2, wherein a ring of said symmetrically dual-aperture loaded back-to-back square metallic rings on the inside are disposed at 30 degree intervals and a ring of said symmetrically dual-aperture loaded back-to-back square metallic rings on the outside are disposed at 22.5 degree intervals.
4. A dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna as recited in claim 2 or 3, wherein said top circular metal patch (101) has a perimeter of 1.32 λ 01 -1.35λ 01 Between, the central circumference of the top square metal ring (104) is 0.42 lambda 01 -0.44λ 01 Between them.
5. A dual-frequency vertically polarized omnidirectional planar antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that electromagnetic wave signals are fed by said metal probe (5), first entering the annular hole loaded back-to-back circular patch resonator, exciting TM 01 Mode and TM 02 The mode corresponds to the low-frequency resonance point and the high-frequency resonance point respectively, the frequency ratio of the two modes is controlled by adjusting the distance between the metallized via hole (401) and the center in the back-to-back circular patch resonator loaded by the annular hole, and when the metallized via hole (401) is far away from the center of the resonator, TM 01 Mode-corresponding low-frequency resonance point is lowered, TM 02 The high frequency resonance point corresponding to the mode rises.
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| CN202311146779.3A CN117117481B (en) | 2023-09-07 | 2023-09-07 | Dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna |
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| CN202311146779.3A CN117117481B (en) | 2023-09-07 | 2023-09-07 | Dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional planar antenna |
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