CN117117248A - Method for optimizing bipolar plate flow channel structure - Google Patents
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- CN117117248A CN117117248A CN202311372632.6A CN202311372632A CN117117248A CN 117117248 A CN117117248 A CN 117117248A CN 202311372632 A CN202311372632 A CN 202311372632A CN 117117248 A CN117117248 A CN 117117248A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of runner design, and discloses a method for optimizing a bipolar plate runner structure, which comprises the following steps: drawing an initial hydrogen flow channel model, an initial air flow channel model and an initial water flow channel model according to preset initial structural parameters of hydrogen, air and water flow channels; calculating the temperature difference of the water flow channel in the initial water flow channel model, if the temperature difference of the water flow channel is more than 20 ℃, adding a bulge structure until the temperature difference of the water flow channel in the water flow channel model with the added point bulge is less than or equal to 20 ℃, so as to obtain a water flow channel structure model with the added bulge, an air flow channel and a hydrogen flow channel; and outputting the hydrogen flow channel model, the air flow channel model and the water flow channel model of the bipolar plate after the dot protrusion is added if the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot protrusion is calculated to meet the distribution requirement. The method can design the flow channel structure with smaller temperature difference and more uniform gas distribution, thereby improving the output performance and prolonging the service life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of runner design, in particular to a method for optimizing a bipolar plate runner structure.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are devices that directly convert chemical energy of fuel into electric energy without combustion, and have low pollution to the environment, high efficiency and environmental protection. The method can effectively promote sustainable development of energy sources, avoid limitation of fossil fuels, and is intensively studied in recent years. But the wide commercial application is seriously hindered due to the bottleneck problems of high manufacturing cost, insufficient volume ratio power density, short service life and the like.
The fuel cell is mainly composed of a membrane electrode and a bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is punched to form a gas channel and a cooling water channel, and the reactant gas in the battery is uniformly transported to the catalytic layer to participate in chemical reaction through the gas channel formed by punching the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate channel design is therefore critical to cell performance.
With the update iteration of the cell stack performance, the public has higher requirements on the fuel cell performance and the cell stack power density. Meanwhile, the increase of the power density can also cause more heat to be generated in the fuel cell, and if the heat cannot be timely discharged, irreversible damage can be caused to the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode. The existing bipolar plate has the phenomena that the chemical reaction rate of the membrane electrode is uneven, the membrane electrode in the battery is damaged due to local high temperature, and the like, so that the output performance of the battery and the service life of the battery are greatly reduced. Thus, in response to the existing problems, a method of optimizing bipolar plate flow channel structure is presented.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for optimizing a bipolar plate runner structure, which aims to solve the problems of poor performance and short service life of a fuel cell caused by large temperature difference of a water runner and uneven gas distribution of an air runner and a hydrogen runner in the existing bipolar plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure, comprising the steps of:
drawing an initial hydrogen flow channel model, an initial air flow channel model and an initial water flow channel model of the bipolar plate according to preset initial structural parameters of the hydrogen flow channel, the air flow channel and the water flow channel;
calculating the water flow channel temperature difference in the initial water flow channel model in a simulation manner;
if the temperature difference of the water flow channel is more than 20 ℃, increasing the flow path of water by adding a punctiform bulge structure, and enhancing the fluidity of the water flow channel until the temperature difference of the water flow channel in the water flow channel model after the punctiform bulge is added is less than or equal to 20 ℃, so as to obtain a water flow channel structure model, an air flow channel and a hydrogen flow channel after the salient point is added;
calculating the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot-shaped protrusions are added;
and outputting the hydrogen flow passage model, the air flow passage model and the water flow passage model with the added point-shaped bulges if the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow passage and the hydrogen flow passage after the added point-shaped bulges meet the distribution requirement.
The method for optimizing the bipolar plate flow channel structure further comprises the following steps:
if the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot projections are added does not meet the distribution requirement, the corresponding flow distribution uniformity is optimized by adjusting dot projection structures in the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot projections are added until the optimized air flow distribution uniformity and the optimized hydrogen flow distribution uniformity meet the distribution requirement, and an optimized hydrogen flow channel model, an air flow channel model and a water flow channel model are obtained.
The method for optimizing the plate runner structure, wherein the step of calculating the water runner temperature difference in the initial water runner model of the bipolar plate comprises the following steps:
through simulation, finite element software is used for solving the distribution of the temperature field of the water field flow channel, and the control equation is as follows:
flow field:；/>the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And (3) a temperature field: />Wherein->Is the specific heat capacity of gas>For temperature, < >>For heat transfer coefficient>Is a heat source->For the gas density->In order for the gas to be at a velocity,for pressure->Is shear stress;
solving the above equation to obtain a water flow path temperature distribution cloud chart and a temperature maximum value in the water field, wherein the position of the temperature maximum value is at the intersection of the gas distribution areas, and the water flow path temperature difference = the temperature maximum value-the water flow path inlet temperature.
The method for optimizing the bipolar plate flow channel structure comprises the following steps of calculating the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot-shaped protrusions are added:
introducing a variation coefficient CV, inputting boundary condition mass hydrogen inlet flow and air inlet mass flow, and carrying out flow field solution on a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel by using finite element software, wherein a control equation is as follows:；wherein->For the gas density->For the gas velocity +.>For pressure->Is shear stress;
and calculating the mass flow distribution of each flow channel, and obtaining the hydrogen flow channel variation coefficient and the air flow channel variation coefficient through data analysis.
The cross section of the dot-shaped bulge structure is rectangular.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a method for optimizing a bipolar plate runner structure, and the method can design a runner structure with smaller temperature difference and more uniform gas distribution, thereby improving the output performance and the service life of a battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an initial air flow channel model provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an initial hydrogen flow path model according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an initial water flow channel model according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cloud image of the water field temperature distribution of the initial water flow path model provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of the addition of punctiform protrusion structures within an initial water flow path model.
Fig. 7 is a cloud chart of water field temperature distribution of the water flow field model with the dot-shaped protrusion structures added.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure, which is used for making the purposes, technical schemes and effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing a flow channel structure of a bipolar plate according to the present invention, as shown in the drawings, comprising the steps of:
s10, drawing an initial hydrogen flow channel model, an initial air flow channel model and an initial water flow channel model according to preliminary structural parameters of a preset hydrogen flow channel, an air flow channel and a water flow channel;
s20, simulating and calculating the temperature difference of an initial water flow path model of the bipolar plate;
s30, if the temperature difference of the water flow channel is greater than 20 ℃, increasing the water flow channel by increasing the dot-shaped bulge structures, and enhancing the fluidity of the water flow channel until the temperature difference of the water flow channel in the initial water flow channel model is less than or equal to 20 ℃, so as to obtain the water flow channel, the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot-shaped bulge is increased;
s40, calculating air flow distribution uniformity and hydrogen flow distribution uniformity after the dot protrusions are added;
s50, outputting a hydrogen flow channel model, an air flow channel model and a water flow channel model after the dot protrusion is added if the air flow distribution uniformity and the hydrogen flow distribution uniformity after the dot protrusion is added by the simulation meet distribution requirements;
and S60, if the air flow distribution uniformity and the hydrogen flow distribution uniformity after the bulge is simulated to be increased do not meet the distribution requirement, optimizing the corresponding flow distribution uniformity by adjusting the dot bulge structures of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot bulge is increased until the optimized air flow distribution uniformity and the optimized hydrogen flow distribution uniformity meet the distribution requirement, and obtaining an optimized hydrogen flow channel model, an air flow channel model and a water flow channel model.
According to the invention, through the simulation design, the point-shaped bulge structures are arranged in the water flow channel area to increase the water flow path and enhance the fluidity of water, so that the generated heat can be better brought out, and the temperature difference of the water flow channel is reduced; and corresponding flow distribution uniformity is adjusted by forming dot-shaped bulge structures in the air flow channel region and the hydrogen flow channel region respectively, so that the bipolar plate with the flow channel structure with uniform gas distribution is obtained, and the output performance and the service life of the battery are further improved.
The technical scheme of the invention will be further explained by the following specific examples:
inputting initial structural parameters of a hydrogen runner, an air runner and a water runner in three-dimensional drawing software, and drawing an initial hydrogen runner model, an initial air runner model and an initial water runner model, wherein fig. 2 is an initial air runner model of a bipolar plate, fig. 3 is an initial hydrogen runner model of a bipolar plate, and fig. 4 is an initial water runner model, and the initial water runner model is formed by stacking an initial anode plate and an initial cathode bipolar plate together to form a runner cavity. In the present embodiment, the preliminary structural parameters input generally include, but are not limited to, a flow channel ridge-to-width ratio, a period, a flow channel depth, a flow channel shape.
An initial hydrogen flow channel model, an initial air flow channel model, a bipolar plate is generated,After the initial water flow channel model, finite element software can be utilized to calculate and analyze the flow distribution uniformity of the initial hydrogen flow channel model and the initial air flow channel model, and to compare the uniformity difference of hydrogen and air gas distribution, a variation coefficient CV (average value/variance) is introduced, and the hydrogen inlet flow rate 2e of the inlet boundary condition is set according to empirical calculation and judgment -6 [kg/s]And air inlet mass flow 6.7e -5 [kg/s]And carrying out flow field solving on the hydrogen flow channel and the air flow channel by using finite element software, wherein a control equation is as follows:；/>in the above->For the gas density->For the gas velocity +.>For pressure->Is a shear stress. The mass flow distribution of each flow channel is calculated, the variation coefficients CV (CV=standard deviation/average value) of the hydrogen flow channel and the air flow channel are respectively 3.8% and 1.16% through data analysis, and the requirement of uniformity of gas flow distribution is met according to the past experience.
Then, the water flow channel temperature difference in the initial water flow channel model of the bipolar plate can be calculated, and the uniformity of the water flow channel can be hardly judged through flow distribution of each flow channel because of the staggered flow channels of the water flow channels, so that the water flow field temperature difference (the maximum value of the temperature of the whole plate-the inlet temperature) is obtained through the following simulation calculation; similarly, the water mass flow rate of the inlet boundary condition is set to be 0.002112[ kg/s ], the cathode and anode thermal power densities are 14364[ W/m 2] and 15045.95 [ W/m 2] respectively, the inlet temperature is 348[ K ] (75 ℃), and the water field flow channel temperature field distribution is solved by simulation and using finite element software, wherein the control equation is as follows:
flow field:；/>the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And (3) a temperature field: />Wherein->Is the specific heat capacity of gas>For temperature, < >>For heat transfer coefficient>Is a heat source->For the gas density->In order for the gas to be at a velocity,for pressure->Is shear stress;
the above equation is solved to obtain a cloud image of water flow path temperature distribution and a maximum temperature in the water field, the water flow path temperature difference=the maximum temperature-the water flow path inlet temperature, the maximum water field is 394[ K ] (121 ℃) and the simulation result is shown in FIG. 5 below. It can be seen from the figure that the highest temperature is at the intersection of the gas distribution areas, and the heat generated in the middle flow passage cannot be dissipated because the water in the middle flow passage is not easy to flow out. At this time, the temperature difference of the water flow path=121 ℃ -75 ℃ =46 ℃ >20 ℃, so that a dot-shaped protruding structure is required to be added, the flow path of the water is increased, and the fluidity of the water flow path is enhanced, and as shown in fig. 6, the cross section of the dot-shaped protruding structure is rectangular.
After the dot-shaped bulge structure is added in the water channel area, finite element software is used, and under the same condition as that in the step 2, a water field temperature distribution cloud chart (shown in figure 7) and the whole plate temperature maximum value in the water field are obtained by solving a flow field and a temperature field control equation, wherein the temperature maximum value is 367K (94 ℃), the inlet temperature is 348K (75 ℃), the temperature range is within 20 ℃, and compared with the condition that the dot-shaped bulge structure is not added, the whole plate temperature distribution in the water field is effectively reduced, and the temperature maximum value is reduced.
And (5) evaluating whether the flow channel with the dot-shaped bulge structure is added again through finite element software, if so, outputting a hydrogen flow channel model, an air flow channel model and a water flow channel model.
In particular, since the modification of the water flow field structure affects the hydrogen and air, it is necessary to verify the hydrogen and air flow distribution again after the water flow field structure is modified. After the dot-shaped bulge structure is added, under the same condition, the flow field control equation is solved through finite element software, the flow rate of each flow channel of air and hydrogen is obtained, the CV value of the variation coefficient is obtained to be 3.26% and 1.74%, compared with 3.8% and 1.16% when the dot-shaped bulge structure is not added initially, the deviation is considered to be less than 1% from the prior working experience, and the distribution condition is considered to be met.
Further, if the flow channel with the dot-shaped bulge structure is estimated again through finite element software, the flow distribution uniformity is not satisfied, and the corresponding flow distribution uniformity is optimized through the adjustment of the dot-shaped bulge structures of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot-shaped bulge is added until the optimized air flow distribution uniformity and the optimized hydrogen flow distribution uniformity meet the distribution requirements, so that an optimized hydrogen flow channel model, an optimized air flow channel model and an optimized water flow channel model are obtained.
The invention provides a method for optimizing a bipolar plate runner structure, which is characterized in that a dot-shaped bulge structure is arranged in a water runner area to enhance the fluidity of the water runner through simulation design, so that the temperature difference of the water runner is reduced; and corresponding flow distribution uniformity is adjusted by forming dot-shaped bulge structures in the air flow channel region and the hydrogen flow channel region respectively, so that the bipolar plate with the flow channel structure with uniform gas distribution is obtained, and the output performance and the service life of the battery are further improved.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the examples described above, but is capable of modification and variation in light of the above teachings by those skilled in the art, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of optimizing bipolar plate flow channel structure comprising the steps of:
drawing an initial hydrogen flow channel model, an initial air flow channel model and an initial water flow channel model of the bipolar plate according to preset initial structural parameters of the hydrogen flow channel, the air flow channel and the water flow channel;
calculating the water flow channel temperature difference in the initial water flow channel model of the bipolar plate in a simulation manner;
if the temperature difference of the water flow channel is more than 20 ℃, adding a water flow path by adding a dot-shaped bulge structure until the temperature difference of the water flow channel in the initial water flow channel model is less than or equal to 20 ℃, so as to obtain a water flow channel, an air flow channel and a hydrogen flow channel after adding dot-shaped bulges;
calculating the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot-shaped protrusions are added;
and outputting the hydrogen flow passage model, the air flow passage model and the water flow passage model with the added point-shaped bulges if the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow passage and the hydrogen flow passage after the added point-shaped bulges meet the distribution requirement.
2. The method of optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
if the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot projections are added does not meet the distribution requirement, the corresponding flow distribution uniformity is optimized by adjusting dot projection structures in the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after the dot projections are added until the optimized air flow distribution uniformity and the optimized hydrogen flow distribution uniformity meet the distribution requirement, and an optimized hydrogen flow channel model, an air flow channel model and a water flow channel model are obtained.
3. The method of optimizing a bipolar plate flowpath configuration of claim 1 wherein the step of calculating a water flowpath temperature difference in an initial water flowpath model of the bipolar plate comprises:
through simulation, finite element software is used for solving the distribution of the temperature field of the water field flow channel, and the control equation is as follows:
flow field:；/>the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And (3) a temperature field: />Wherein->Is the specific heat capacity of gas>For temperature, < >>For heat transfer coefficient>Is a heat source->For the gas density->In order for the gas to be at a velocity,for pressure->Is shear stress;
solving the above equation to obtain a water flow path temperature distribution cloud chart and a temperature maximum value in the water field, wherein the position of the temperature maximum value is at the intersection of the gas distribution areas, and the water flow path temperature difference = the temperature maximum value-the water flow path inlet temperature.
4. The method of optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the flow distribution uniformity of the air flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel after adding the dot-shaped protrusions comprises:
introducing a variation coefficient CV, inputting boundary condition mass hydrogen inlet flow and air inlet mass flow, and carrying out flow field solution on a hydrogen flow channel and an air flow channel by using finite element software, wherein a control equation is as follows:；/>wherein->For the gas density->For the gas velocity +.>For pressure->Is shear stress;
and calculating the mass flow distribution of each flow channel, and obtaining the hydrogen flow channel variation coefficient and the air flow channel variation coefficient through data analysis.
5. The method of optimizing a bipolar plate flow channel structure of claim 1, wherein said punctiform raised structures are rectangular in cross-section.
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| CN114068978A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 上海交通大学 | Air-cooled fuel cell bipolar plate with parallel hydrogen-air flow fields |
| CN217158242U (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-09 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Flow channel structure for fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN116796593A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Free modeling and optimal design method for horizontal wave-shaped channel |
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