CN112582635B - Method for optimizing PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section and three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for optimizing PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section and three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section and a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the method for optimizing the PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model; step 2, gridding a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model; step 3, performing simulation calculation on the geometric model of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell; and 4, extracting key simulation parameters: extracting key simulation parameters which can reflect the influence of the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells on the performance of the fuel cells from the side surfaces at the same positions for the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells; the key simulation parameters comprise the speed of the cathode reaction gas, the concentration of the cathode reaction gas and the current density of the battery; step 5, the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel is optimized. The invention focuses on the influence of the cross-sectional shape on the performance of the PEMFC, reduces the amount of calculation and improves the calculation stability and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section and a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell, belonging to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate flow channel structures.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an energy conversion device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and water. Compared with Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), PEMFCs, which are the fifth generation fuel cells, have the advantages of no pollution, low noise, high energy conversion efficiency, and the like, and are the fastest-developing fuel cells currently. However, the relatively high cost and short lifetime of PEMFCs limit their commercial applications.
The uniformity of gas in the catalyst layer can be effectively improved by optimizing the flow channel structure of the PEMFC bipolar plate, so that cold spots, hot spots and flooding are reduced, and the purposes of reducing cost and prolonging service life are finally achieved. Different flow channel cross-sections show a large difference in PEMFC performance for the same flow channel structure. The better cross-sectional shape of the flow channel can improve the uniformity and concentration of the reaction gas in the catalyst layer, thereby effectively improving the performance of a single battery. In contrast, the unreasonable cross-sectional shape of the flow channels may cause uneven distribution of the reactant gases in the catalyst layer, thereby causing cold spots, hot spots, flooding, and the like, which may degrade the performance of the battery and shorten the life of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation-based method for comprehensively analyzing the performance of the PEMFC models with different flow channel sections by establishing three-dimensional PEMFC models with different flow channel sections. The invention reduces the calculation amount and improves the calculation stability and practicability by simplifying the Joule heat and the reaction heat in the reaction process and focusing on the influence of the section shape on the performance of the PEMFC.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the optimization method of the PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel section and the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprise the following steps:
Under the precondition that the same cross section area of the bipolar plate flow channel and the same contact area of the bipolar plate flow channel and the gas diffusion layer are ensured, a plurality of three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric models with different height-width ratios of the bipolar plate flow channel cross section flow channels are constructed;
Respectively carrying out meshing on the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells constructed in the step 1;
Under the same simulation condition, performing simulation calculation on the geometric model of each three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell which is subjected to gridding in the step 2;
Extracting key simulation parameters capable of reflecting the influence of the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells on the performance of the fuel cells at the same positions according to the simulation result of the step 3; the key simulation parameters comprise the speed of the cathode reaction gas, the concentration of the cathode reaction gas and the current density of the battery;
The relation between the key simulation parameters and the height-width ratio of the flow channel section of the bipolar plate is comprehensively considered, and the flow channel section of the bipolar plate with a specific height-width ratio is preferably selected.
Further, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, determining the length of a side line of the contact between the cross section of a bipolar plate flow channel and a gas diffusion layer in three-dimensional drawing software;
1.2, determining two end points A, B where the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel is widest and two end points H1 and H2 where the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel is the highest;
1.3, connecting points A, B, H1 and H2 by a spline curve circular arc and a bottom edge;
1.4, constructing bipolar plate flow passage sections with height-to-width ratios of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.3 respectively, and simultaneously ensuring that the areas of the flow passage sections of the bipolar plates are the same;
1.5, stretching the section of each bipolar plate flow channel constructed in the step 1.4 into a three-dimensional geometric model;
1.6, aiming at each three-dimensional geometric model in 1.5, respectively constructing a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a catalytic layer and a proton exchange membrane;
and 1.7, assembling the bipolar plate, the gas diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane which are constructed in the step 1.6 onto the corresponding three-dimensional geometric model in the step 1.5, so as to correspondingly obtain the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model with the bipolar plate flow channel sections with different aspect ratios.
Further, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1, storing the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model constructed in the step 1 into an xt format, and then importing the geometric model into ICEM software;
2.2, in ICEM software, topology inspection is carried out on the xt format geometric model imported in the 2.1, and problems in the xt format geometric model are manually repaired according to an inspection result;
2.3, establishing an initial block, and then partitioning the initial block according to a calculation domain;
2.4, respectively establishing part for the blocks and the geometric files after the blocks are partitioned according to boundary conditions in the simulation calculation process;
2.5, dividing and associating the divided blocks according to the geometric characteristics of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow channel sections;
and 2.6, setting parameters of the generated grids according to the geometric characteristics, generating the grids, adjusting the maximum grid size and the scaling factor according to the grid quality and quantity, and finally outputting the grids in the msh format.
Further, in step 3, the same simulation condition means that the simulated boundary condition, the simulated initialization condition, and the simulated iteration step number are the same.
Further, step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1, importing the mesh in the msh format into Fluent;
3.2, calling out a fuel cell module, and obtaining a polarization curve of the square section by changing the voltage of the cell for the fuel cell with the square flow channel section;
3.3, determining the voltage of the battery with the maximum current density according to the polarization curve of the square section;
and 3.4, performing simulation calculation on each three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model by taking the voltage determined in 3.3 as the set cell voltage and other simulation parameters as the same as those of the fuel cell with the square section.
Further, in step 4, extracting key simulation parameters specifically includes the following steps: and extracting the speed data of the cathode side reaction gas flowing to the gas diffusion layer at the interface position of the bipolar plate flow passage and the gas diffusion layer, extracting the concentration data of the cathode side reaction gas at the interface of the gas diffusion layer and the catalytic layer, and extracting the cathode side current density data at the surface of a bipolar plate connecting load.
Further, in step 5, in the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model of the bipolar plate flow passage section with different aspect ratios, the velocity of the reaction gas flowing from the flow passage to the gas diffusion layer and the concentration of the reaction gas at the interface of the catalyst layer are analyzed, and the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model of the bipolar plate flow passage section with the best aspect ratio, which has the best comprehensive performance of the diffusion velocity and concentration of the reaction gas and the current density of the cell, is preferably selected.
The three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises an anode bipolar plate flow channel and a cathode bipolar plate flow channel, and is characterized in that the aspect ratio of the flow channel sections of the anode bipolar plate flow channel and the cathode bipolar plate flow channel is preferably obtained by adopting the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
(1) the method simplifies the Joule heat and the reaction heat generated in the reaction process, simplifies the calculated amount and the stability in the simulation calculation process, saves the time and the cost required by calculation, and has strong practicability;
(2) in the process of designing a battery model, the invention limits the cross section area of the flow channel to be the same as the interface area of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer of the bipolar plate, thereby ensuring that the inlet conditions of the cross sections of the flow channels of different bipolar plates are the same, the distribution of reaction gas in the gas diffusion layer is only related to the cross section shape of the flow channel and is unrelated to the contact area of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer of the bipolar plate, and therefore, the invention ensures that the simulation result is more reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel cross section according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bipolar plate flow channel section having the same flow channel cross-sectional area and different aspect ratios in the PEM fuel cell according to the present invention, wherein (a) - (f) are schematic structural diagrams of bipolar plate flow channel cross-sections having aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.3, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional geometric model of a PEMFC (bipolar plate flow channel cross-section with aspect ratio of 1);
FIG. 4 is a polarization plot of a square flow channel cross-section with side length 1;
FIG. 5 is a velocity profile of different bipolar plate flow channel cross-sections of a PEM fuel cell;
FIG. 6 is a cloud of mass concentrations of oxygen in different bipolar plate flow channel sections of a PEM fuel cell;
FIG. 7 is a graph of current density in different bipolar plate channel sections of a PEM fuel cell;
wherein: 1-anode bipolar plate, 2-anode bipolar plate runner, 3-anode gas diffusion layer, 4-anode catalyst layer, 5-proton exchange membrane, 6-cathode catalyst layer, 7-cathode gas diffusion layer, 8-cathode bipolar plate runner and 9-cathode bipolar plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The relative arrangement of the components and steps, expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be oriented in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations).
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, for the purpose of convenience of description, the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are perpendicular to each other, and the two directions in the vertical direction are up and down directions respectively.
As shown in fig. 3, a structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is disclosed, which includes an anode bipolar plate, an anode bipolar plate flow channel, an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode catalytic layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalytic layer, a cathode gas diffusion layer, a cathode bipolar plate flow channel, and a cathode bipolar plate. The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the performance of a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) by controlling the cross section shape of a bipolar plate flow channel (which can be an anode bipolar plate flow channel or a cathode bipolar plate flow channel).
As shown in fig. 1, the method for optimizing the flow channel section of the PEMFC bipolar plate according to the present invention includes the following steps:
Aiming at the same cross section area of the bipolar plate flow channel, a plurality of three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric models with the bipolar plate flow channel cross section flow channels between each other and different height-width ratios are constructed, and the modeling process corresponding to a specific preferred embodiment is as follows:
1.1, determining the length of a side line of the contact between the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel and the gas diffusion layer to be 1mm in three-dimensional drawing software such as solidworks and the like.
1.2, A, B which defines the widest two points of the flow channel section of the bipolar plate and H1 and H2 which define the highest two points.
1.3, connecting points A, B, H1 and H2 by a spline curve circular arc and a bottom edge line.
1.4, constructing the flow channel sections of the bipolar plates (such as (a) to (f) in figure 2) with the height-to-width ratios of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.3 respectively, and simultaneously ensuring that the area of each flow channel section of the bipolar plate is 1mm2。
And 1.5, stretching each bipolar plate flow channel section in the step 1.4 by 20mm along a direction vertical to the section of the bipolar plate flow channel section to form a three-dimensional geometric model.
And 1.6, constructing a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a catalytic layer and a proton exchange membrane aiming at the flow passage section of each three-dimensional bipolar plate in the 1.5.
And 1.7, assembling the parts (the bipolar plate, the gas diffusion layer, the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane) constructed in the step 1.6 to the corresponding three-dimensional bipolar plate flow passage section so as to correspondingly obtain a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model with the bipolar plate flow passage sections with different aspect ratios. Wherein, when the aspect ratio of the flow channel section of the bipolar plate is 1, the geometric model of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell is shown in fig. 3.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
2.1, storing each three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model constructed in the step 1 into an xt format, and then importing the geometric model into ICEM software.
2.2, in ICEM software, carrying out topology check on the geometric file, and manually repairing the problems in the geometric file.
2.3, establishing an initial block, and then partitioning according to the calculation domain.
2.4, establishing part for the block and the geometric file respectively according to the boundary conditions in the simulation calculation process.
And 2.5, subdividing and associating the blocks according to the geometrical characteristics.
And 2.6, setting parameters for generating grids, generating the grids, and adjusting the parameters according to the quality and the quantity of the grids. And finally, outputting the mesh in the msh format.
3.1, import. msh grid into Fluent.
And 3.2, calling out a fuel cell module, and obtaining a polarization curve of the square section by changing the voltage of the cell for the square flow passage section, as shown in fig. 4. According to the polarization curve of the square section, the maximum current density of the battery is determined when the voltage of the battery is 0.4V. Therefore, the cell voltage was set to 0.4V for the fuel cells of different flow channel cross sections, and the simulation parameters of the other fuel cell models were the same as the square cross section simulation parameters, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 specific parameters
| Parameter name | Numerical value | Parameter name | Numerical value |
| Anode admission mass flow (kg/s) | 6e-7 | Coefficient of excess of anode | 1.5 |
| Cathode inlet mass flow (kg/s) | 5e-7 | Cathode excess coefficient | 2 |
| Anode H2/H2Ratio of O component | 0.8/0.2 | Open circuit voltage/V | 1.1 |
| Cathode O2/H2O2Ratio of components | 0.2/0.1 | Hydrogen temperature/. degree.C | 80 |
| Working pressure/Pa | 2e5 | Collector effective conductivity (1/omega-m) | 8.3e4 |
| Outlet back pressure/Pa | 0 | Porosity of the diffusion layer | 0.5 |
| Working temperature/. degree.C | 80 | Coefficient of viscous resistance of diffusion layer (1/m)2) | 1e12 |
| Air temperature/. degree.C | 80 | Effective conductivity of diffusion layer (1/omega-m) | 5000 |
| Hydrogen diffusion coefficient (m)2/s) | 3e-5 | Porosity of the catalytic layer | 0.5 |
| Oxygen diffusion coefficient (m)2/s) | 3e-5 | Specific surface area of the catalyst layer | 2e5 |
| Water vapor diffusion coefficient (m)2/s) | 3e-5 | Effective conductivity of catalyst layer (1/omega-m) | 1000 |
| Diffusion coefficient of other component: (m2/s) | 3e-5 | Water content in reference membranes | 0.1 |
| Anodic exchange current density (A/m)3) | 2e9 | Film molar Mass (kg/kmol) | 1100 |
| Cathodic exchange current density (A/m)3) | 1e5 | Membrane proton conductivity coefficient | 1 |
| Contact resistance (omega-m)2) | 2e-6 | Membrane proton conductivity index | 1 |
And 4, respectively extracting simulation data of the speed of the reaction gas, the concentration of the reaction gas and the current density of the battery at the same position for the PEMFC models of different bipolar plate flow channel sections according to the simulation result
Specifically, the method extracts the data of the component velocity of the reaction gas flowing to the gas diffusion layer at the interface of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer at the cathode side, extracts the data of the mass fraction concentration of the oxygen at the interface of the gas diffusion layer and the catalytic layer, and extracts the average current density data of the flow channel sections of different bipolar plates.
And 5, respectively making corresponding curve graphs according to the data extracted in the step 4, and obtaining the bipolar plate flow channel section with the best battery performance through comparative analysis.
Firstly, the battery voltage with better performance is obtained by simulating a square section, and as shown in fig. 4, when the battery has the maximum current density, the battery voltage is determined to be 0.4V. The same voltage is then set for different bipolar plate flow channel cross-section fuel cells. The reason for the good performance of the fuel cell with the best section is explained by analyzing the speed of the reaction gas of the fuel cell with different bipolar plate flow channel sections flowing from the flow channel to the gas diffusion layer and the concentration of the reaction gas at the interface of the catalytic layer.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the aspect ratio of the cross section is 0.7, the velocity in the direction of the reaction gas Y is the maximum, and the maximum is about 6 mm/s. This indicates that the cross section having the aspect ratio of 0.7 with respect to other cross sectional shapes contributes to the flow of the reaction gas toward the gas diffusion layer.
As shown in fig. 6, the mass fraction of oxygen is the greatest when the aspect ratio is 0.7. This is because the average oxygen mass fraction is the largest because the velocity of oxygen flowing to the gas diffusion layer is large at a cross-sectional aspect ratio of 0.7. However, fuel cell simulation involves multiple physical field couplings, and the result of the simulation is that multiple factors influence together. Therefore, the rate of the reaction gas flowing to the gas diffusion layer is only one factor that affects the magnitude of the oxygen mass fraction value. Thus, the trend of the velocity profile shown in FIG. 5 does not completely match the trend of the oxygen mass fraction profile shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 is a current density curve of different channel cross sections of the PEM fuel cell at a cell voltage of 0.4V. According to the polarization curve of the square section, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell achieves the maximum current density when the voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is set to be 0.4V. Therefore, the voltage of all cells was set to 0.4V to compare the effect of different bipolar plate flow channel cross-sections on fuel cell performance. As shown in fig. 4, the current density is maximized at a cross-sectional aspect ratio of 0.7. This indicates that a cross-sectional shape with an aspect ratio of 0.7 can improve the performance of the fuel cell.
The protective scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art and by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
- The method for optimizing the flow channel section of the PEMFC bipolar plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:step 1, establishing a geometric model of a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell PEMFCUnder the precondition that the same cross section area of the bipolar plate flow channel and the same contact area of the bipolar plate flow channel and the gas diffusion layer are ensured, a plurality of three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric models with different height-width ratios of the bipolar plate flow channel cross section flow channels are constructed; the method specifically comprises the following steps:1.1, determining the length of a side line of the contact between the cross section of a bipolar plate flow channel and a gas diffusion layer in three-dimensional drawing software;1.2, determining two end points A, B where the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel is widest and two end points H1 and H2 where the cross section of the bipolar plate flow channel is the highest;1.3, connecting points A, B, H1 and H2 by a spline curve circular arc and a bottom edge;1.4, constructing bipolar plate flow passage sections with height-to-width ratios of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.3 respectively, and simultaneously ensuring that the areas of the flow passage sections of the bipolar plates are the same;1.5, stretching the section of each bipolar plate flow channel constructed in the step 1.4 into a three-dimensional geometric model;1.6, aiming at each three-dimensional geometric model in 1.5, respectively constructing a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a catalytic layer and a proton exchange membrane;1.7, assembling the bipolar plate, the gas diffusion layer, the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane which are constructed in the step 1.6 on a corresponding three-dimensional geometric model in the step 1.5, so as to correspondingly obtain a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model with bipolar plate flow passage sections with different height-width ratios;step 2, gridding three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric modelRespectively carrying out meshing on the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells constructed in the step 1;step 3, performing simulation calculation on the geometric model of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cellUnder the same simulation condition, performing simulation calculation on the geometric model of each three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell which is subjected to gridding in the step 2;step 4, extracting key simulation parametersExtracting key simulation parameters capable of reflecting the influence of the geometric models of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells on the performance of the fuel cells at the same positions according to the simulation result of the step 3; the key simulation parameters comprise the speed of the cathode reaction gas, the concentration of the cathode reaction gas and the current density of the battery;step 5, optimizing the flow passage section of the bipolar plateThe relation between the key simulation parameters and the height-width ratio of the flow channel section of the bipolar plate is comprehensively considered, and the flow channel section of the bipolar plate with a specific height-width ratio is preferably selected.
- 2. A method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel cross-section according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the steps of:2.1, storing the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model constructed in the step 1 into an xt format, and then importing the geometric model into ICEM software;2.2, in ICEM software, topology inspection is carried out on the xt format geometric model imported in the 2.1, and manual repair is carried out according to the inspection result;2.3, establishing an initial block, and then partitioning the initial block according to a calculation domain;2.4, respectively establishing part for the blocks and the geometric files after the blocks are partitioned according to boundary conditions in the simulation calculation process;2.5, dividing and associating the divided blocks according to the geometric characteristics of the three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow channel sections;and 2.6, generating grids according to the geometric characteristics, adjusting the maximum grid size and the scaling factor according to the grid quality and quantity, and finally outputting the grids in the msh format.
- 3. A method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel cross-section according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the same simulation conditions mean that the simulated boundary conditions, initialization conditions, and iteration steps are the same.
- 4. A method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel cross-section according to claim 2, wherein the step 3 comprises the steps of:3.1, importing the mesh in the msh format into Fluent;3.2, calling out a fuel cell module, and obtaining a polarization curve of the square section by changing the voltage of the cell for the fuel cell with the square flow channel section;3.3, determining the voltage of the battery with the maximum current density according to the polarization curve of the square section;and 3.4, performing simulation calculation on each three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell geometric model by taking the voltage determined in 3.3 as the set cell voltage and other simulation parameters as the same as those of the fuel cell with the square section.
- 5. The method for optimizing a PEMFC bipolar plate flow channel cross-section according to claim 1, wherein the extracting key simulation parameters in step 4 specifically includes the steps of: and extracting the speed data of the cathode side reaction gas flowing to the gas diffusion layer at the interface position of the bipolar plate flow passage and the gas diffusion layer, extracting the concentration data of the cathode side reaction gas at the interface of the gas diffusion layer and the catalytic layer, and extracting the cathode side current density data at the surface of a bipolar plate connecting load.
- 6. A method for optimizing a flow channel section of a PEMFC bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, in the three-dimensional pem fuel cell geometric model of a flow channel section of a bipolar plate with different aspect ratios, the velocity of the reaction gas flowing from the flow channel to the gas diffusion layer and the concentration of the reaction gas at the interface of the catalyst layer are analyzed, and the three-dimensional pem fuel cell geometric model of a flow channel section of a bipolar plate with an aspect ratio with the best combination of the diffusion velocity, the concentration and the current density of the cell is selected.
- 7. A three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising anode bipolar plate flow channels and cathode bipolar plate flow channels, wherein the aspect ratio of the flow channel cross section of the anode bipolar plate flow channels and the cathode bipolar plate flow channels is preferably obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN115621484B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-02-06 | 深圳氢时代新能源科技有限公司 | Optimization method of flow field of polymer membrane fuel cell and fuel cell |
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