CN117101383A - Desulfurization and denitrification equipment and process thereof - Google Patents
Desulfurization and denitrification equipment and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117101383A CN117101383A CN202311081873.5A CN202311081873A CN117101383A CN 117101383 A CN117101383 A CN 117101383A CN 202311081873 A CN202311081873 A CN 202311081873A CN 117101383 A CN117101383 A CN 117101383A
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses desulfurization and denitrification equipment and a process thereof, which belong to the technical field of desulfurization and denitrification of waste gas, wherein a denitrification tower comprises a vertical reaction furnace made of refractory materials, a circular cover column is covered outside the reaction furnace, a closed circular buffer cavity is formed by the cover column and the outer wall of the reaction furnace, a plurality of air outlet holes are formed around the furnace wall of the reaction furnace surrounded by the buffer cavity, a rotating wheel is rotatably arranged in the axial direction of a transition pipe, the rotating wheel can rotate when the flow rate of flue gas flowing into the transition pipe reaches a certain flow rate, and a plurality of spray holes for spraying alkali liquor are formed on the surface of the rotating wheel; the runner is connected with a valve control part in a transmission way, the upper end of the transition pipe is also connected with a final reaction bin, a reaction group is arranged in a lower bin in the final reaction bin, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the periphery of the inner wall of an upper bin, a plurality of holes are formed in the reaction group, and flue gas can only flow into the upper bin through the holes of the reaction group. The invention can well consider the cost and efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of desulfurization and denitrification of waste gas, in particular to desulfurization and denitrification equipment and a process thereof.
Background
In the waste gas of industrial production, sulfur dioxide and NOx (nitrogen oxides, mainly nitric oxide is most) enter the atmosphere and form acid rain, and the harm of acid rain to human beings is very large, so the state is advocated to be environment-friendly, flue gas taking coal as fuel contains the substances, especially a thermal power plant, desulfurization is simultaneously constructed, denitration is advocated to be realized as much as possible, therefore, a series of desulfurization and denitration equipment and process are designed by the prior art, in the prior art, sulfur dioxide is reacted by spraying alkali liquor which is used for desulfurization consistently, and desulfurization is realized, in the desulfurization process, the alkali liquor demand is huge, the price of common sodium hydroxide is high, and in order to fully ensure desulfurization efficiency, a large amount of sodium hydroxide is sprayed at present, so that desulfurization cost is high and alkali liquor utilization rate is low.
The existing methods mainly comprise selective catalytic reduction denitration, selective non-catalytic reduction denitration and wet flue gas denitration, and the selective catalytic reduction denitration needs a plurality of special catalysts, and the catalysts are required to fully play roles in the reaction, have high requirements on temperature control, are relatively complex in technology and have high cost. The method is the most mature and least expensive treatment method for the selective non-catalytic reduction denitration method, and has the defect of relatively low denitration rate. For wet flue gas denitration, NO needs to be treated by a liquid absorbent X The principle of dissolution for purifying coal-fired flue gas has a great implementation difficulty that NO is difficult to dissolve in water and is often required to be oxidized into NO first 2 For this purpose, NO is generally first passed through an oxidizing agent O 3 Or KMnO 4 Reacting and oxidizing to generate NO 2 Then NO 2 Is absorbed by water or alkaline solution to realize flue gas denitration, and also has the problems of complicated implementation procedures, high difficulty and high cost.
In summary, the existing desulfurization and denitrification process is difficult to obtain a good balance in operation cost and treatment efficiency, and the two processes cannot be combined, so that the desulfurization and denitrification process is comprehensively pushed, and still has great implementation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art, provides desulfurization and denitrification equipment and a process thereof, solves the problem that the cost and the efficiency cannot be considered when the industrial waste gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitrification in the prior art, organically combines desulfurization and denitrification together, can recycle desulfurization products, and remarkably improves the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention provides desulfurization and denitrification equipment, which comprises a denitrification tower and a desulfurization tower which are connected with each other, wherein the denitrification tower is communicated with a furnace chamber to convey flue gas, the denitrification tower comprises a vertical reaction furnace made of refractory materials, the bottom of the reaction furnace is connected with an air inlet pipeline, a filter element for filtering dust and scum is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, a circular cover column is covered outside the reaction furnace, the cover column and the outer wall of the reaction furnace enclose a closed circular buffer cavity, the buffer cavity is connected with an amino reducing agent input pipeline, a plurality of air outlet holes are arranged around the furnace wall of the reaction furnace surrounded by the buffer cavity, and the top end of the reaction furnace is connected with a transition pipe at the lower part of the desulfurization tower; the transition pipe is vertically arranged, a rotating wheel is rotatably arranged in the axial direction in the transition pipe, the rotating wheel can rotate when the flue gas flowing into the transition pipe reaches a certain flow, the rotating wheel is hollow, and a plurality of spray holes for spraying alkali liquor are formed in the surface of the rotating wheel; the rotating wheel is in transmission connection with a valve control component, and the valve control component is used for controlling the quantity of alkali liquid flowing into the rotating wheel; the upper end of the transition pipe is also connected with a final reaction bin, a reaction group is arranged in a lower bin in the final reaction bin, a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of an upper bin, a plurality of holes are formed in the reaction group, and smoke can only flow into the upper bin through the holes of the reaction group and then is discharged out of the final reaction bin.
Further, an air distribution layer is fixed above the inner bottom of the reaction furnace in a partition manner, and a plurality of air distribution holes are formed in the air distribution layer.
Further, the rotating wheel is in a spiral or turbine-shaped structure, and the spray holes are distributed on the side surface of the rim along the radial direction of the rotating wheel. The top end of the rotating wheel is rotatably arranged in a shaft sleeve in a dynamic sealing way, the shaft sleeve is vertically fixedly connected to and communicated with a water passing pipe, and the water passing pipe is fixedly arranged along the diameter direction of the transition pipe.
Further, the bottom end of the rotating wheel is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear is meshed with a driven bevel gear, a section of worm is arranged on a gear shaft of the driven bevel gear, the worm is meshed with a worm wheel, the worm wheel is in transmission connection with a rack which is horizontally and slidably arranged through a driving cylindrical gear which is coaxially fixedly connected with the worm wheel, one end of the rack is in a smooth straight plate structure, and the rest part of the rack is provided with gear teeth; when the driving cylindrical gear and the rack are in meshed transmission, the rack drives the valve control part to gradually open a connecting channel between the alkali liquor input pipe and the rotor, and when the connecting channel is thoroughly opened, the rack just moves to a position where the straight plate structure is opposite to the driving cylindrical gear. The valve control component comprises a valve pipe, a valve plate, a valve rod, a boss and a bearing spring which are connected with the alkali liquor conveying pipeline, wherein the valve pipe is horizontally arranged, one end of the valve pipe is connected with the alkali liquor pipeline, the middle section of the valve pipe is connected with a drainage pipeline through a valve hole, and the drainage pipeline is communicated with the interior of the rotor; the valve plate is in a # -type structure, the valve plate is in dynamic seal and sliding fit with the valve tube, the horizontal section of the valve plate is clung to the inner top surface of the valve tube, the vertical section of the valve plate is vertically fixedly connected with the valve rod, the bearing spring is sleeved on the valve rod, the valve rod is installed in the boss fixed in the valve tube in a sliding fit manner, one end of the bearing spring is connected with the boss, the other end of the bearing spring is connected with the vertical section, the bearing spring is in a stretching state when the horizontal section is biased at one side of the valve hole close to the alkali liquor conveying pipeline, and the rack is positioned at a position where the driving cylindrical gear and the rack are just separated from meshing when the bearing spring is in a free state.
The lower bin is of a funnel-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper valve and the lower valve of the reaction mass are of cone-shaped structures, the cone angle of the cone structure at the lower part is smaller than that of the cone structure at the upper part, a plurality of layers of annular spraying pipes are fixed on the inner wall of the upper bin, and the spraying pipes are provided with water outlets for spraying alkali liquor towards the radial direction of the cone structure.
The path of the pore in the reaction group is in an inverted L shape, a plurality of pores are annularly arranged on the same circumference direction, a plurality of circles of pores are arranged in the reaction group, and the horizontal holes Duan Yueshi of the pores which are closer to the center are upwards arranged. The bottom end of the lower conical structure is positioned above the top end of the rotating wheel, and liquid drops at the bottom end of the lower conical structure drop on the rotating wheel.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a desulfurization and denitrification process, which mainly adopts the desulfurization and denitrification equipment to carry out desulfurization and denitrification, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, directly entering the reaction furnace from a hearth, and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas into nitrogen by an amino reducing agent sprayed out of an air outlet in combination with the high heat just discharged from the furnace in the rising process; s2, after the flue gas flows out from the reaction furnace, the flue gas enters the transition pipe, and the flue gas is divided into two cases:
1) When the flow rate of the flue gas is less than the set flow rate, the flue gas directly enters the final reaction bin, enters the holes of the reaction groups in the lower bin, reacts with alkali liquor reserved in the holes to remove part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the holes, and then fully contacts with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet holes again to further remove the sulfur dioxide.
2) When the flow of the flue gas reaches the set flow, the flue gas pushes the rotating wheel to rotate towards the set direction, then the valve control component is driven to adjust the injection amount of alkali liquor towards the rotating wheel, the rotating wheel progressively sprays the alkali liquor, and at the moment, preliminary desulfurization treatment is carried out on the flue gas; then the mixture enters a final reaction bin, firstly enters from the pores of the reaction group in the lower bin, reacts with alkali liquor remained in the pores to remove part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the pores, and then fully contacts with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet hole again to further remove the sulfur dioxide.
S3, connecting the lower part of the transition pipe with a collecting tank to collect the reaction liquid of the desulfurizing tower, and then mutually reversing from the final stageThe flue gas flowing out of the reaction bin is input into the reaction liquid in the collecting tank again, and C/O is added 2 Denitration is performed again.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts the method that the denitration tower is directly arranged outside the hearth, the high heat generated by the flue gas is fully utilized to participate in the reduction reaction of the amino reducing agent to generate nitrogen so as to realize denitration, meanwhile, the special desulfurization tower is arranged, according to the quantity of the flue gas entering, whether the impeller is started to rotate and a columnar alkali liquor curtain is sprayed is adaptively selected, the primary desulfurization is rapidly carried out, then the flue gas is continuously conveyed through the pores of the reaction group, the secondary desulfurization is carried out, the flue gas is uniformly dispersed, the flue gas is contacted with the alkali liquor sprayed on the upper part of the final reaction bin again to carry out the tertiary desulfurization, the insufficient desulfurization caused by insufficient contact with the alkali liquor when the flue gas is excessive is effectively avoided, the condition that the alkali liquor is excessively sprayed for full desulfurization is also avoided, the alkali liquor is greatly saved, and the alkali liquor utilization rate is improved.
On the other hand, the desulfurization and denitrification process provided by the invention optimizes the denitrification rate based on the desulfurization and denitrification equipment, adopts the amino reducing agent for desulfurization, has low cost, greatly improves the desulfurization efficiency on the basis of saving alkali liquor in the desulfurization tower, returns the flue gas after denitrification and desulfurization in the desulfurization tower to the reaction liquid collected by the final reaction bin reaction in the desulfurization tower based on the excellent characteristics, and combines with C l O 2 The high denitration performance of the catalyst is realized by recycling sodium sulfite generated by desulfurization, reacting together to generate nitrogen, realizing secondary denitration, overcoming the defect of low denitration rate of the reduction denitration mode of the amino reducing agent adopted in the denitration process because of low cost, and combining the two organically, thereby obviously improving the denitration and desulfurization efficiency on the basis of reducing the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the configuration of a rotor for driving a valve control member;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an installation of the rotor;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a reactant mass.
The reference numerals are explained as follows: the reaction furnace 1, an air inlet pipeline 2, a filter element 3, an air outlet hole 4, a cover column 5, a buffer cavity 6, an amino reducing agent input pipeline 7, a separation layer 8, a transition pipe 9, a rotating wheel 10, a water passing pipe 11, a final reaction bin 12, a reaction group 13, an air outlet hole 14, a driving bevel gear 15, a driven bevel gear 16, a gear shaft 17, a worm wheel 18, a worm 19, a driving cylindrical gear 20, a rack 21, a straight plate structure 22, a valve rod 23, a boss 24, a bearing spring 25, a valve plate 26, a valve pipe 27, a drainage pipeline 28, a valve hole 29, an alkali liquor conveying pipeline 30, a shaft sleeve 31, a hole 32 and a collecting tank 33.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation characteristics, achievement purposes and functions of the present invention more clear and easy to understand, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples illustrate only some, but not all, of the specific embodiments of the invention and that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, this embodiment discloses a desulfurization and denitrification device, which, like the existing device, also includes a denitrification tower and a desulfurization tower connected to each other, wherein the denitrification tower is communicated with a furnace chamber to convey flue gas, and the difference is that the denitrification tower in this embodiment includes a vertical reaction furnace 1 made of refractory material, the reaction furnace 1 may be made of inorganic refractory material, even may be made of refractory brick or concrete casting, mainly considering that the high temperature to be born is above 900 ℃, the bottom of the reaction furnace 1 is connected with an air inlet pipe 2, which is directly connected with a flue outlet of a furnace chamber, and the shorter the air inlet pipe 2, the better the arrangement may be that part of the reaction furnace 1 is directly. For the purpose of dedusting, a filter element 3 for filtering dust and scum can be arranged on the air inlet pipeline 2, and the filter element 3 can be an element which is made of refractory materials such as concrete or high temperature resistant materials and densely covered with through holes, so that some particles or garbage in the hearth can be prevented from entering the desulfurizing tower. And, still cover a circular ring shape cover post 5 outside reaction furnace 1, cover post 5 and reaction furnace 1 outer wall enclose into a closed annular buffer memory chamber 6, buffer memory chamber 6 is connected with amino reductant input pipeline 7, and this amino reductant is usually selected amino compound such as urea, is equipped with a plurality of ventholes 144 around the oven of reaction furnace 1 that buffer memory chamber 6 surrounded to contact the reaction when can realizing cylindric three-dimensional, improve denitration efficiency.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the top end of the reaction furnace 1 is connected with a transition pipe 9 at the lower part of the desulfurizing tower, the transition pipe 9 is vertically arranged, a rotating wheel 10 is rotatably arranged in the axial direction in the transition pipe 9, flue gas flows into the transition pipe 9 after denitration and temperature reduction, the rotating wheel 10 can rotate when the flue gas flowing into the transition pipe 9 reaches a certain flow rate, and the flue gas always flows downwards and upwards, so that the rotation is unidirectional, and when the rotating wheel rotates, the rotating wheel mainly depends on the dead weight of the rotating wheel 10 and the damping degree of rotation installation, so that the weight of the rotating wheel 10 can be determined by selecting specific materials and sizes in actual manufacturing, and the damping size of the rotating wheel 10 is adjusted, and the rotating wheel 10 starts to rotate under the condition of meeting different flow rate requirements; because the inside of the rotating wheel 10 is hollow, the surface of the rotating wheel 10 is provided with a plurality of spray holes for spraying alkali liquor, and therefore, only when a certain large flow rate is achieved, the impeller rotates and sprays alkali liquor at the same time so as to perform concentrated desulfurization on the flowing flue gas, and the structure and function coordination are very ingenious. When the rotary wheel 10 is specifically manufactured, the rotary wheel 10 is in transmission connection with a valve control component, the valve control component is used for controlling the alkali liquid amount flowing into the rotary wheel 10 so as to realize control of alkali liquid spraying or not, the valve hole 29 component can be an existing valve, such as an electromagnetic valve, and can be matched with whether the rotary wheel 10 rotates to drive the electromagnetic valve to open or not so as to inject alkali liquid, and the valve hole 29 component can be adaptively designed and manufactured by a person skilled in the art.
Finally, the upper end of the transition pipe 9 is also connected with a final reaction bin 12, a reaction group 13 is arranged in a lower bin in the final reaction bin 12, a plurality of water outlets are arranged around the inner wall of an upper bin to spray alkali liquor, a plurality of holes 32 are formed in the reaction group 13, the alkali liquor flows into the holes 32 after being sprayed out and partially remains in the holes 32, if the alkali liquor is continuously sprayed, the inside of the holes 32 is always in a wet state, and alkali liquor is adhered to the inside of the holes and is better than the infiltration adsorption alkali liquor for temporary storage. Meanwhile, the flue gas can only flow into the upper bin through the pores 32 of the reaction mass 13, react with the alkali liquor once, then fully react with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet again, and then discharge out of the final reaction bin 12, so that denitration is performed first and then desulfurization is performed for a plurality of times.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in order to improve the uniformity of flue gas input, a gas distribution layer is also fixed above the inner bottom of the reaction furnace 1 in a partition manner, and a plurality of gas distribution holes are formed in the gas distribution layer, so that when flue gas is introduced, the flue gas can enter the reaction furnace 1 in a relatively dispersed manner, fully contacts with a columnar amino reducing agent liquid curtain or gas curtain, and is reduced to obtain nitrogen, so that the nitrogen is fully denitrated. As specific structural details, the above rotating wheel 10 is a spiral or turbine-shaped structure, which is a commonly used structure, is easy to manufacture and has stable windward rotation, and the above spraying holes are arranged on the side surface of the rim along the radial direction of the rotating wheel 10, so as to form a columnar alkali liquor water curtain.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the specific installation, the top end of the rotating wheel 10 is rotatably installed in a shaft sleeve 31 in a dynamic sealing manner, the shaft sleeve 31 is vertically fixedly connected to and communicated with a water passing pipe 11, the water passing pipe 11 is communicated with an alkali liquor tank, the water passing pipe 11 is fixedly installed along the diameter direction of the transition pipe 9, and the water passing pipe 11 not only realizes the installation of the rotating wheel 10, but also conveys alkali liquor to the rotating wheel.
As shown in fig. 2, the bottom end of the rotating wheel 10 is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear 15, the driving bevel gear 15 is meshed with a driven bevel gear 16, a section of worm 19 is arranged on a gear shaft 17 of the driven bevel gear 16, the worm 19 is meshed with a worm wheel 18, the worm wheel 18 is in driving connection with a horizontally sliding rack 21 through a driving cylindrical gear 20 fixedly connected with the worm wheel, one end of the rack 21 is a smooth straight plate structure 22, and the rest is provided with gear teeth, namely, in the embodiment, the rack 21 is provided with gear teeth in part, and the rest is provided with no gear tooth structure. When the automatic alkali liquor feeding device is used, in the process of meshing transmission of the driving cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21, the rack 21 drives the valve control part to gradually open a connecting channel (not shown in the figure) between the alkali liquor feeding pipe and the rotor, the trend of the connecting channel can be designed adaptively, and when the connecting channel is completely opened, the rack 21 just moves to a position where the straight plate structure 22 is opposite to the driving cylindrical gear 20. For example, assuming that the connection channel is an internal channel of a ball valve (not shown in the drawings), the driving cylindrical gear 20 is engaged with the gear teeth of the rack 21 at the initial time, the on-off knob of the ball valve is rotated to a position closing the internal channel, and the worm wheel 18 or the driving cylindrical gear 20 is idle at this time when the driving cylindrical gear 20 is rotated so that the gear teeth of the rack 21 are not engaged with the driving cylindrical gear 20, and the on-off knob of the ball valve is currently maintained at a position opening the internal channel to continuously convey alkali liquor.
With continued reference to fig. 2, more specifically, the valve control component of this embodiment includes a valve tube 27 connected to an alkali liquor delivery pipe 30, a valve plate 26, a valve rod 23, a boss 24 and a tension spring 25, where the valve tube 27 is horizontally arranged, the valve tube 27 may be a rectangular tube structure, one end of the valve tube 27 is connected to the alkali liquor pipe, a middle section of the valve tube 27 is connected to a drainage pipe 28 through a valve hole 29, the drainage pipe 28 is vertically intersected with the valve tube 27, and an output end of the drainage pipe 28 is communicated with the interior of the rotor. Meanwhile, the valve plate 26 is in a structure of a valve, the valve plate 26 is in movable sealing and axially sliding fit with the valve tube 27, the horizontal section of the valve plate 26 is tightly attached to the inner top surface of the valve tube 27, the vertical section of the valve plate 26 is installed in the valve tube 27 like a piston, the side surface of the vertical section is vertically fixedly connected with the valve rod 23, the bearing spring 25 is sleeved on the valve rod 23, and the valve rod 23 is installed in a boss 24 fixed in the valve tube 27 in a sliding fit manner, so that the valve rod 23 is supported and installed. In addition, one end of the tension spring 25 is connected with the boss 24, the other end is connected with the vertical section, and when the horizontal section is biased at one side of the valve hole 29 near the lye conveying pipeline 30, i.e. at the left side of the valve hole 29 in fig. 2, the tension spring 25 is in a stretched state, if the meshing effect of the driving cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21 is not provided, the valve plate 26 can be pulled back to the right side, i.e. when the tension spring 25 is in a free state, the rack 21 is positioned at a position where the driving cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21 are just disengaged, at this time, the driving gear idles, the rotating wheel 10 rotates and does not drive the valve plate 26 to move, and the valve plate 26 keeps the state of opening the valve hole 29 and injecting lye at this time. It can be seen that the design is very specific, namely, strictly speaking, the valve plate 26 does not drive the meshing transmission of the cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21 but moves horizontally, but rather, the meshing transmission of the cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21 acts as a limiting mechanism in a special sense rather than limiting the action of pulling the valve plate 26 back to the right in the form of a pull spring, and the meshing transmission of the cylindrical gear 20 and the rack 21 belongs to a transmission mechanism. In actual manufacturing, a magnet or the like can be mounted on the side surface of the boss 24 to be magnetically attracted and fixed with the valve plate 26 which moves right in place, so that the hidden danger of long-term failure of the bearing spring 25 can be thoroughly avoided, the maintenance and replacement frequency of the bearing spring 25 is reduced, but in such a design, the cost is increased, and the electromagnetic valve control unit is additionally arranged. Of course, in practice, in order to actively control the valve plate 26 to reset to a position of closing the valve hole 29, a driving mechanism (not shown in the drawing) may be installed outside the transition pipe, after desulfurization and denitrification are completed, the rotating wheel 10 is manually and actively driven to rotate reversely, so as to push the valve plate 26 to a closed state, for example, a gear is installed on the rotating shaft of the rotating wheel 10, and like the rear axle transmission of an automobile, a pipe may be added to extend into the transition pipe, so as to solve the problem of sealing smoke leakage, and the driving bevel gear 15 and the driven bevel gear 16 may be manufactured in this way. Besides, the motor can be directly arranged and connected with the rotating wheel in a transmission way, and when the motor needs to be started, the motor only rotates reversely; it is also possible to install an electromagnet (not shown) in the valve tube 27 to attract the valve plate 26 which moves to the right, and after desulfurization and denitrification are completed, the valve plate is manually and actively sucked back to the valve hole 29 to close the alkali liquor of the rotating wheel 10, but this structure needs a powerful electromagnet because the rack is required to be driven to move along.
As a preferred implementation structure, the lower bin of the final reaction bin 12 of the desulfurizing tower is of a funnel-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, correspondingly, the upper and lower two lobes of the reaction mass 13 are of cone-shaped structures, the cone angle of the cone structure at the lower part is smaller than that of the cone structure at the upper part, a plurality of layers of annular spray pipes are fixed on the inner wall of the upper bin, water outlet holes are formed in the spray pipes, alkali liquid is sprayed towards the radial direction of the cone structure, and therefore the alkali liquid flows downwards better and is prevented from falling onto the inner side wall of the lower bin in a large amount.
In particular, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the paths of the pores 32 in the reaction mass 13 are in an inverted L shape, a plurality of pores 32 are annularly arranged in the same circumferential direction, a plurality of circles of pores 32 are arranged in the reaction mass 13, and the horizontal holes Duan Yueshi of the pores 32 closer to the center are upward, so that the flue gas stays in the pores 32 for a longer time, the contact reaction is more sufficient, and when flowing out of the pores 32, the flue gas meets with the alkali liquor sprayed out in the radial direction again, thereby greatly improving the desulfurization efficiency. In actual production, it is preferable that the bottom end of the lower conical structure is located above the top end of the rotating wheel 10, and the liquid drops at the bottom end of the lower conical structure drop on the rotating wheel 10, so that the reaction liquid is conveniently output from the collecting tank 33 provided with the switch valve at the lower side, and is collected and cleaned in time for use.
In addition, in this embodiment, when the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitrification based on the desulfurization and denitrification device, firstly, the flue gas directly enters the reaction furnace 1 from the hearth, and in the rising process, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas are reduced into nitrogen by the amino reducing agent sprayed through the air outlet 144 in combination with the high heat just discharged from the furnace. Then, after the flue gas flows out from the reaction furnace 1, the flue gas enters into the transition pipe 9, and the flue gas can be divided into two cases: in the first case, when the flow rate of the flue gas does not reach the set flow rate, the flue gas directly enters the final reaction bin 12, firstly enters from the pores 32 of the reaction mass 13 in the lower bin, reacts with the alkali liquor remained in the pores 32 to remove part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the pores 32, and then fully contacts with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet again to further remove the sulfur dioxide. In the second case, when the flow rate of the flue gas reaches the set flow rate, the flue gas pushes the rotating wheel 10 to rotate towards the set direction, then the valve control component is driven to adjust the injection amount of the alkali liquor towards the rotating wheel 10, incremental alkali liquor spraying of the rotating wheel 10 is gradually realized, and at the moment, preliminary desulfurization treatment is carried out on the flue gas; then enters the final reaction bin 12, enters the pores 32 of the reaction mass 13 of the lower bin, reacts with alkali liquor remained in the pores 32 to remove part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the pores 32, and is fully contacted with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet again to further remove the sulfur dioxide.
The desulfurization and denitrification equipment and method provided in this embodiment perform denitrification and then desulfurization, and have higher desulfurization efficiency, if sodium hydroxide is used as alkali liquor, enough sodium sulfite is generated, so that it can be considered that after the flue gas flows out from the final reaction bin 12, the flue gas is conveyed into the collecting tank 33 below the desulfurization tower, and the C/O is added 2 By means of C l O 2 Oxidation of NO to NO 2 Then using Na 2 SO 3 Aqueous solution of NO 2 Reduction to N 2 ，C l O 2 The denitration rate of the method can reach 95%, and the desulfurization treatment of the residual sulfur dioxide can be performed again to a certain extent, so that the defects of low cost and low denitration rate of the selective non-catalytic reduction denitration method are well overcome, and the two methods are combined with each other, so that the desulfurization and denitration can be performed more effectively at lower cost.
It should be further noted that, in the present disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Therefore, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any modifications and equivalent substitutions of the present embodiment without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art based on the technical principles disclosed in the present invention, and the present invention is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a SOx/NOx control equipment, includes denitration tower and desulfurizing tower that links to each other, denitration tower and furnace chamber intercommunication are in order to carry flue gas, its characterized in that: the denitration tower comprises a vertical reaction furnace (1) made of refractory materials, an air inlet pipeline (2) is connected to the bottom of the reaction furnace (1), a filter (3) for filtering dust and scum is arranged on the air inlet pipeline (2), a circular cover column (5) is covered outside the reaction furnace (1), the cover column (5) and the outer wall of the reaction furnace (1) enclose a closed circular buffer cavity (6), the buffer cavity (6) is connected with an amino reducing agent input pipeline (7), a plurality of air outlet holes (14) (4) are formed in the periphery of the furnace wall of the reaction furnace (1) enclosed by the buffer cavity (6), and the top end of the reaction furnace (1) is connected with a transition pipe (9) at the lower part of the desulfurization tower;
the transition pipe (9) is vertically arranged, a rotating wheel (10) is rotatably arranged in the axial direction in the transition pipe (9), the rotating wheel (10) can rotate when the flue gas flowing into the transition pipe (9) reaches a certain flow, the rotating wheel (10) is hollow, and a plurality of spray holes for spraying alkali liquor are formed in the surface of the rotating wheel (10); the rotating wheel (10) is in transmission connection with a valve control component, and the valve control component is used for controlling the alkali liquid amount flowing into the rotating wheel (10);
the upper end of the transition pipe (9) is also connected with a final reaction bin (12), a reaction group (13) is arranged in a lower bin in the final reaction bin (12), a plurality of water outlets are formed in the periphery of the inner wall of an upper bin, a plurality of holes (32) are formed in the reaction group (13), and flue gas can only flow into the upper bin through the holes (32) of the reaction group (13) and then is discharged out of the final reaction bin (12).
2. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: an air distribution layer is also fixed above the inner bottom of the reaction furnace (1) in a partition way, and a plurality of air distribution holes are formed in the air distribution layer.
3. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating wheel (10) is of a spiral or turbine-shaped structure, and the spray holes are distributed on the side surface of the rim along the radial direction of the rotating wheel (10).
4. A desulfurization and denitrification device according to claim 3, wherein: the top end of the rotating wheel (10) is rotatably arranged in a shaft sleeve (31) in a dynamic sealing way, the shaft sleeve (31) is vertically fixedly connected to and communicated with a water passing pipe (11), and the water passing pipe (11) is fixedly arranged along the diameter direction of the transition pipe (9).
5. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a driving bevel gear (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating wheel (10), the driving bevel gear (15) is meshed with a driven bevel gear (16), a section of worm (19) is arranged on a gear shaft (17) of the driven bevel gear (16), the worm (19) is meshed with a worm wheel (18), the worm wheel (18) is in transmission connection with a rack (21) which is horizontally and slidably arranged through a driving cylindrical gear (20) fixedly connected with the worm wheel, one end of the rack (21) is a smooth straight plate structure (22), and the rest part of the rack is provided with gear teeth; when the driving cylindrical gear (20) and the rack (21) are in meshed transmission, the rack (21) drives the valve control component to gradually open a connecting channel between the alkali liquor input pipe and the rotor, and when the connecting channel is completely opened, the rack (21) just moves to a position where the straight plate structure (22) is opposite to the driving cylindrical gear (20).
6. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the valve control component comprises a valve pipe (27), a valve plate (26), a valve rod (23), a boss (24) and a tension spring (25) which are connected with the alkali liquor conveying pipeline (30), wherein the valve pipe (27) is horizontally arranged, one end of the valve pipe (27) is connected with the alkali liquor pipeline, the middle section of the valve pipe (27) is connected with a drainage pipeline (28) through a valve hole (29), and the drainage pipeline (28) is communicated with the interior of the rotor;
the valve plate (26) is of a type-I structure, the valve plate (26) is in movable sealing and axially sliding fit with the valve pipe (27), the horizontal section of the valve plate (26) is tightly attached to the inner top surface of the valve pipe (27), the vertical section of the valve plate (26) is vertically fixedly connected with the valve rod (23), the bearing spring (25) is sleeved on the valve rod (23), the valve rod (23) is installed in the boss (24) fixed in the valve pipe (27) in a sliding fit manner, one end of the bearing spring (25) is connected with the boss (24), the other end of the bearing spring is connected with the vertical section, and when the horizontal section is biased to one side of the valve hole (29) close to the alkali liquid conveying pipeline (30), the bearing spring (25) is in a stretching state, and when the bearing spring (25) is in a free state, the rack (21) is located at a position where the driving cylindrical gear (20) and the rack (21) are just separated from engagement.
7. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the lower bin is of a funnel-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, the upper and lower lobes of the reaction mass (13) are of cone-shaped structures, the cone angle of the cone structure at the lower part is smaller than that of the cone structure at the upper part, a plurality of layers of annular spraying pipes are fixed on the inner wall of the upper bin, and the spraying pipes are provided with water outlets for spraying alkali liquor towards the radial direction of the cone structure.
8. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the paths of the pores (32) in the reaction mass (13) are in an inverted L shape, a plurality of pores (32) are annularly arranged on the same circumference direction, a plurality of circles of pores (32) are arranged in the reaction mass (13), and the horizontal holes Duan Yueshi of the pores (32) which are closer to the center are upwards.
9. The desulfurization and denitrification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the bottom end of the lower conical structure is positioned above the top end of the rotating wheel (10), and liquid drops at the bottom end of the lower conical structure drop on the rotating wheel (10).
10. A desulfurization and denitrification process, characterized in that desulfurization and denitrification is carried out by adopting the desulfurization and denitrification equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, directly entering the reaction furnace (1) from a hearth, and reducing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas into nitrogen by an amino reducing agent sprayed out through air outlet holes (14) (4) in combination with the high heat just discharged from the furnace in the rising process;
s2, after flowing out from the reaction furnace (1), the flue gas enters the transition pipe (9) in two conditions:
1) when the flow of the flue gas does not reach the set flow, the flue gas directly enters the final reaction bin (12), enters from the pores (32) of the reaction group (13) of the lower bin, reacts with alkali liquor reserved in the pores (32), removes part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the pores (32), and then fully contacts with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet again, so that the sulfur dioxide is further removed.
2) When the flow of the flue gas reaches a set flow, the flue gas pushes the rotating wheel (10) to rotate towards a set direction, then the valve control component is driven to adjust the injection amount of alkali liquor into the rotating wheel (10), the rotating wheel (10) progressively sprays the alkali liquor, and at the moment, preliminary desulfurization treatment is carried out on the flue gas; then enters the final reaction bin (12), enters the reaction bin from the pores (32) of the reaction group (13) of the lower bin, reacts with alkali liquor remained in the pores (32) to remove part of sulfur dioxide, continuously escapes upwards from the pores (32), and is fully contacted with the alkali liquor sprayed from the water outlet hole again to further remove the sulfur dioxide.
S3, connecting a collecting tank (33) below the transition pipe (9), collecting the reaction liquid of the desulfurizing tower, mutually inputting the flue gas flowing out of the final reaction bin (12) into the reaction liquid in the collecting tank (33) again, and adding ClO 2 Denitration is performed again.
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