CN102451610A - Treatment method for nitrogen oxide tail gas discharged from industrial production furnace, and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Treatment method for nitrogen oxide tail gas discharged from industrial production furnace, and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a treatment method for nitrogen oxide tail gas discharged from an industrial production furnace, and an apparatus thereof. According to the present invention, gas generated from the furnace is connected to a self-sucking type gas-liquid mixing device through a pipeline to carry out a treatment on the furnace tail gas; the treated gas is discharged by using a gas exhaust tube with the pressure provided by the self-sucking type gas-liquid mixing device. The apparatus of the present invention comprises the self-sucking type gas-liquid mixing device, an absorption liquid cooling system and an absorption liquid settlement system. Compared to the prior art, with the method and the apparatus of the present invention, the nitrogen oxide tail gas discharged from the industrial production furnace can be effectively treated, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the operation can be stably performed for a long period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of exhaust gas treatment method and device, particularly the improvement method and apparatus of commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas.
Background technology
The commercial production kiln discharges the waste gas that contains nitrogen oxide in a large number through regular meeting, and its composition is mainly nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N
2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2) etc., be one of main atmosphere pollution of national limiting emission.Catalyst Production kiln exhaust gas discharged particularly, its nitrous oxides concentration is high, and color is brownish red or pale brown look, and environment and people's health is had harmfulness.When for example adopting metal and nitric acid (red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) or rare nitric acid) reacted catalyst or using metal nitrate, all can give off the waste gas of nitrogen-containing oxide at stage kilns such as catalyst drying, calcination activations as raw material.The nitrogen oxide tail gas of Catalyst Production kiln discharging has following characteristics: (1) concentration is high.Nitrogen substances such as the nitrate of catalyst soakage, amine are at high temperature concentrated and are decomposed or oxidation generation nitrogen oxide in the catalyst roasting process, and nitrous oxides concentration is very high, and the nitrous oxides concentration that catalyst produced of some kind reaches 10000-30000mg/m
3, it is dark red brown that gas is, and it is very big to be discharged in the atmosphere harm.(2) the capacity fluctuation is big.Because some is not continuous process for a catalytic production, and the different temperatures stage of roasting, the different time of uniform temp, all great changes have taken place for the generation of waste gas.Follow-up exhaust-gas treatment is brought very big problem.The treating capacity of and emission-control equipment big when the waste gas generation hour, kiln tail gas will leak, and health of operators is caused damage.When little and treating capacity emission-control equipment of waste gas generation was big, catalyst fines will get into emission-control equipment loss through pipeline, and catalyst production descends, and the normal running to emission-control equipment simultaneously causes very big harm.(3) dust content is high, and dust size is little, is difficult to remove.The dust problem of Catalyst Production waste gas is the difficult point of catalyst exhaust-gas treatment.Because some catalyst are to carry out roasting with pulverulence; The particle diameter of its dust is very little; Adopt conventional bag-type dust, cyclone dust removal all to be difficult to complete place to go, a lot of to the harm of emission-control equipment, often just possibly block in several days and stop absorption plants such as packed towers.(4) EGT is high.Catalyst kiln outlet EGT is up to 700-800 ℃, even after piping is carried, also have 300-400 ℃, if there is not cooling measure, it is very high to handle back discharge tail gas temperature, produces serious thermal pollution.
The nitrous oxides exhaust gas treatment technology can be divided into two types of dry method and wet methods.Dry method comprises the ammine selectivity catalytic reduction method (SCR) that the NOx in the waste gas is reduced to nitrogen, like ammine selective non-catalytic reduction method, metal carbon-supported catalysts catalytic reduction method etc.; Absorption method (molecular sieve, active carbon, silica gel and contain NN
3Mud coal etc.); Plasma-activated method etc.Wet method comprises water absorption method, alkali absorption method, ammoniacal liquor absorption process, oxidation absorption process, thiosulfuric acid sodium reduction, urea absorption reducing method and complexed absorption method etc.
In the dry method treatment technology, absorption method is less owing to the adsorption capacity of existing adsorbent, consumption big, need reason such as Regeneration Treatment, in the NOx exhaust-gas treatment general use less.Ammine selectivity catalytic reduction method and ammine selective non-catalytic reduction method, the present focus that has become denitration of boiler smoke technical research and application.But facts have proved that during the NOx waste gas that in administering the Industrial Stoves production process, produces, ammine selectivity catalytic reduction method processing method also is not suitable for; Its main cause is because the inhomogeneities of NOx discharging causes operating temperature and throw the ammonia amount to be difficult to control, causes beds and equipment inner member sintering; The side reaction that should react in addition is many, can regenerate NOx, and ammonia is prone to penetrate; Discharge often visible big tobacco and Da Bai cigarette in the gas, product is NH
4NO
2, NH
4NO
3, NH
3Deng.Therefore, when adopting dry technique to handle waste gas of industrial kiln and furnace, reply technological process, catalyst and equipment etc. are furtherd investigate.
In the wet-treating technology, the absorption liquid kind is many, uses comparatively general.(comprise NaOH, Na like alkali absorption method
2CO
3) be widely used in the vent gas treatment in nitric acid production and the use at home, and by-product sodium nitrate and natrium nitrosum product.Ammoniacal liquor liquid phase absorption process and ammonia spray method also are applied on boiler smoke is handled.Thiosulfuric acid sodium reduction, urea reduction method etc. also are applied in industry exhaust-gas treatments such as space flight, nitric acid production and use, Catalyst Production gradually.Compare with dry method, wet method has bigger operating flexibility, can select different reaction systems, is more suitable in the processing of Industrial Stoves process gas.
The main equipment of wet method nitrogen oxide treatment process provides the absorption tower of gas-liquid contact, mass transfer, reaction.Existing absorption tower is divided into two kinds: a kind of is the spray absorber (band filler or void tower) of gas-liquid two-phase counter current contacting, and in this equipment, gas phase is a continuous phase, and liquid phase is a decentralized photo; Another kind is a gas-liquid two-phase bubbling contact reactor, and in the running, liquid phase is a continuous phase, and gas phase is a decentralized photo.All there is limitation in these two kinds of equipment in waste gas treatment process: the spray column pressure drop is little, and power consumption is few, but the gas-liquid contact surface is long-pending low, and device efficiency is lower; Bubbling reactor must increase liquid depth for the contact area of bigger gas-liquid two-phase is provided, and pressure drop is increased, and power consumption increases, and results in blockage easily.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cost, the improvement method and apparatus of the simple commercial production kiln of technology nitrogen oxide tail gas.
The improvement method of commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas of the present invention comprises following content: kiln is produced gas be connected on the self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus through pipeline; Kiln tail gas is handled, and the pressure that the gas after the processing relies on self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus self to provide is discharged by aiutage.
In the inventive method, described from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment by tank body, motor, impeller shaft, gas-liquid mixing impeller and transmission seal spare etc. are partly formed.Utilize motor to pass through impeller shaft and drive the negative pressuren zone that rotates generation under the absorption liquid of gas-liquid mixing impeller in tank body at a high speed; Kiln tail gas is drawn to the gas-liquid mixing impeller negative pressuren zone through impeller shaft internal channel or the impeller shaft outer sleeve from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment; Gas-liquid mixing impeller is provided with qi-emitting hole; Kiln tail gas is scattered in the form of gas with microbubble in the liquid through qi-emitting hole, and quick mass transfer and chemical reaction take place, and the pollutant in the kiln tail gas is captured, absorbs and reacts by the absorption liquid in air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment; Handle back gas and from absorption liquid, float, get into the aiutage discharging from the reactor head exhaust outlet.
Described gas-liquid mixing impeller structure from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment is following: gas-liquid mixing impeller mainly is made up of hollow connecting shaft joint, hollow disc, hollow guide vane, ring diversion plate.The duct of hollow connecting shaft joint communicates with the inner space of hollow disc; Hollow disc is made up of upper cover plate, lower cover and cylindrical shell; The hollow disc lower cover downside hollow guide vane that is tightly connected; Offer the passage that is communicated with hollow guide vane inner space with the lower cover of hollow guide vane correspondence position; Hollow guide vane lower end is provided with ring diversion plate, and the rear one lateral lobe sheet of hollow guide vane direction of rotation is provided with qi-emitting hole.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mixing impeller; Hollow guide vane has an inner space; This inner space upside communicates with hollow disc, and the rear one lateral lobe sheet of hollow guide vane direction of rotation is through qi-emitting hole and hollow guide vane exterior, and remainder is a hermetically-sealed construction.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mixing impeller, the cross section of hollow guide vane can be the shape that suits, like suitable shapes such as equilateral del, BI del, irregular del, trapezoidal, irregular trapezoidal, parallelogram.On the hollow disc lower cover with hollow guide vane between channel shape preferably identical with hollow guide vane cross section.Hollow guide vane quantity can be provided with 1～50 according to the scale of gas-liquid mixing impeller, is preferably 2～30.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mixing impeller, described qi-emitting hole can be provided with a row or many rows along the impeller axis direction.The number of qi-emitting hole and arrangement mode also can be made any change on the one lateral lobe sheet of hollow guide vane direction of rotation rear.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mixing impeller, hollow guide vane upper end links to each other with the lower cover of hollow disk, and the lower end links to each other with ring diversion plate, forms water stream channel between two adjacent hollow guide vanes.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mixing impeller, ring diversion plate is flat board or the conical plate that the center has circular water inlet (or inlet); Its profile can adopt arbitrary shape as required, but the general circle of selecting.Ring diversion plate is connected with hollow guide vane, and the formed annular region area of the inside and outside circle of deflector at least can closed hollow guide vane lower end.Ring diversion plate can prevent that current from from hollow guide vane upper end or the lower end is sliding leaks, improving the suction water yield and the vacuum of impeller, thereby improving amount of air entrainment and gas-liquid mixed effect; Ring diversion plate can also reduce the towing of water body to hollow guide vane in addition, reduces the power consumption of impeller.
Gettering rate from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment determines that by its rotating speed of motor rotating speed is fast more, and gettering rate is big more.Control rotating speed of motor according to the discharge capacity of kiln tail gas through frequency converter during operation; Thereby control is from the gettering rate of air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment; The discharge capacity of system handles tolerance and commercial production kiln is consistent, and is the best kiln is not yearned for to leak waste gas.
Described impeller 200mm at least below the absorption liquid liquid level.Its effect is when this self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus does not turn round, because the qi-emitting hole on the impeller is positioned under the liquid, makes entire equipment be equivalent to a water seal, guarantees that kiln tail gas can not be leaked to external environment.
Described absorption liquid can be urea liquid, sodium hydroxide solution, ammoniacal liquor, hypo solution or sodium carbonate liquor.Wherein preferred urea liquid comprising urea 1%-30% (weight), can comprise the catalyst of an amount of routine.Absorption liquid active ingredient concentration can be changed fresh absorption liquid or add active ingredient after reducing.
The temperature and the solid matter content situation of absorption liquid during according to operation are cooled off and/or the sedimentation separation operation, recycle then.Below the general control absorption liquid temperature to 60 ℃, be preferably below 50 ℃, solids content is generally controlled (weight) below 30% in the absorption liquid, is preferably below 20%.The cooling of absorption liquid and sedimentation can be carried out in the tank body of gas-liquid mixed equipment, also so that independently cooling system and sedimenting system to be set.Cooling system and sedimenting system can be provided with in parallel connection, and promptly absorption liquid gets into cooling system and sedimenting system respectively; The setting of also can connecting of cooling system and sedimenting system, promptly absorption liquid successively gets into cooling system and sedimenting system, and sequencing can be any, preferably is introduced into sedimenting system and gets into cooling system again; Cooling system and sedimenting system also can be systems independently separately.Cooling system and sedimenting system can be selected to use according to operational circumstances, can intermittently use, and also can use continuously, can use simultaneously, also can use one of them system.
Described cooling system can be made up of various forms of coolers, its objective is make since with the heat exchange of high temperature kiln tail gas after the temperature of the absorption liquid that heats up descend.
Described sedimenting system can be various forms of filters, sedimentation tower, settling tank etc., preferred overflow-type settling tank, it is characterized in that sedimentation after supernatant flow out settling tank through downflow weir, discharge through mud valve at the bottom of the mud in the absorption liquid is deposited to jar.Its objective is that the dust that will get into absorption liquid removes from absorption liquid, make absorption liquid can continue to recycle.
The controlling device of commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas of the present invention comprises from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, absorption liquid cooling system and absorption liquid sedimenting system.Structure and correlation from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, absorption liquid cooling system and absorption liquid sedimenting system are confirmed by foregoing of the present invention.Cooling system wherein and sedimenting system are provided with one of as follows: cooling system and sedimenting system parallel connection are provided with, and promptly absorption liquid gets into cooling system and sedimenting system respectively; Perhaps the series connection of cooling system and sedimenting system is provided with, and promptly absorption liquid successively gets into cooling system and sedimenting system, and sequencing is any; Perhaps cooling system and sedimenting system are systems independently separately.Be generally: cooling system and sedimenting system can be provided with in parallel connection, and promptly the leakage fluid dram from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment communicates with the inlet of cooling system and the inlet of sedimenting system respectively; The setting of also can connecting of cooling system and sedimenting system; Promptly from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment priority and cooling system and sedimenting system UNICOM; Sequencing can be any, preferably communicates with sedimenting system from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, and sedimenting system communicates with cooling system.
Advantage of the present invention is to remove the efficient height by nitrogen oxide, can reach more than 90%; Treating capacity can be followed kiln tail gas generation and changed at any time; There is not blockage problem in device; It is low to handle the back exhaust temperature, can directly discharge.The inventive method use from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment overcome existing from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment inspiratory capacity not enough and inspiratory capacity adjust inflexible problem; Make full use of the area of hollow guide vane direction of rotation rear one lateral lobe sheet; The quantity of qi-emitting hole can be increased greatly, and the number and change arrangement mode of qi-emitting hole can be increased arbitrarily through increasing hollow guide vane height.The current modified line produces between the negative pressure that the guide vane rear side produces in the time of can having made full use of the impeller rotation, guide vane negative pressure and current are introduced gas in the shear action that disc surfaces produces; The amount of air entrainment of impeller is big, gas-liquid mixed is effective; Not only under slow speed, can introduce a large amount of gases, and the bleed hole is in the central area of impeller, the impeller center sucks is merely absorption liquid; The vacuum size is not limited by other factors; Gas introducing amount and suction liquid measure can improve and increase simultaneously with revolution, and the amount of air entrainment size adjustment is convenient, and the current shear action can also prevent that qi-emitting hole from stopping up in addition.The characteristics that can effectively adapt to some commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of idiographic flow signal of the present invention and formation picture of device.
The vertical section front view that Fig. 2 uses for the inventive method from bleed formula gas-liquid mixing impeller from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment.
Fig. 3 is the A-A direction view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of another kind of hollow guide vane structure.
Fig. 5 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the third hollow guide vane structure.
Fig. 6 is a gas-liquid mixing impeller contour structures stereogram.
The specific embodiment
Further specify implementation of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the pressure that the gas dependence self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus self of the tail gas of the nitrogen-containing oxide that Industrial Stoves 101 produce after piping 102 gets into 103 processing of self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus provides is by aiutage 104 qualified discharges.
Self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus 103 is made up of motor 105, tank body 106, impeller shaft 107, impeller 108 and transmission and sealing mechanism.Absorption liquid 109 is housed in the tank body.Absorption liquid is delivered in settling tank 111 and the cooler 112 through pump 10 and carries out desilt and cooling down operation.Downflow weir 113 and mud valve 114 are arranged in the settling tank.Settling tank 111 is positioned at a high position with cooler 112, in sedimentation and cooling back absorption liquid dependence flow by gravity return the tank body 106 of self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus 103, recycles.
Further specify the structure and the method for operation of using from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment from bleed formula gas-liquid mixing impeller below in conjunction with Fig. 2～6.
As shown in Figure 2, by hollow connecting shaft joint 1, upper cover plate 2, cylindrical shell 3, lower cover 5, hollow guide vane 6, ring diversion plate 7 is formed from guided gas gas-liquid mixed blade wheel; Wherein upper cover plate 2, cylindrical shell 3, lower cover 5 constitute the cylindrical shape hollow disc of impeller; Lower cover 5 circumference are evenly distributed with corresponding
the shape opening of some and hollow guide vane 6; Hollow guide vane 6 is the hollow structure of
shape opening similar shape on cross section and the lower cover 5;
shape opening is tightly connected on hollow guide vane 6 upper ends
shape opening and the lower cover 5, communicates with the hollow disc inner space; Lower end
shape opening is by ring diversion plate 7 sealings.Qi-emitting hole 4 is arranged on the rear one side guide vane of hollow guide vane direction of rotation.
In Fig. 3～Fig. 5 view, the form and the position of therefrom visible hollow guide vane 6 and ring diversion plate 7.The direction of arrow is the impeller direction of rotation, the position of qi-emitting hole 4.Said hollow guide vane can also adopt other forms.
Under the drive of drive motors and impeller shaft; Impeller rotates with certain speed in liquid; And in the inner negative pressure that produces of impeller; Tail gas gets into impeller by hollow connecting shaft joint 1, gets into hollow guide vane through the opening on the hollow disk lower cover 5, is scattered in the liquid with the microbubble form through qi-emitting hole 4.
The perforate of ring diversion plate 7 centers is the water sucking mouth (or liquid sucting port) of impeller; Ring diversion plate 7 forms the close water stream channel (or fluid passage) of envelope with guide vane 6, lower cover 5; Prevent that effectively current are from the guide vane bottom or the top is sliding leaks; Improved inner water velocity and the vacuum of impeller, also reduced water body simultaneously impeller is pulled.After increasing ring diversion plate, the inner vacuum of the impeller vacuum (about 0.1MPa) that can reach capacity, not only amount of air entrainment obviously improves, and power consumption reduces.
The nitrous oxides concentration of the tail gas that some commercial production kiln produces is high, and temperature is high, and dust content is very big, and tolerance and noxious pollutant change greatly.Adopt the inventive method and device, when the form entering absorption liquid with microbubble, through sufficient mass transfer and heat transfer, nitrogen oxide and absorption liquid reaction generate nitrogen between the gas-liquid, and clearance reaches more than 90%.Dust gets into absorption liquid, makes processing back waste gas not contain dust, and temperature will be reduced to below 50 ℃, meets discharging standards.The absorption liquid temperature slightly raises, and behind cooler cooling and sedimenting system desilt, returns to recycle.The inventive method can be carried out the long period stabilized treatment to this tail gas with device.
Claims (10)
1. the improvement method of a commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas; Comprise following content: kiln is produced gas be connected on the self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus through pipeline, kiln tail gas is handled, the pressure that the gas after the processing relies on self-suction gas-liquid mixing apparatus self to provide is discharged by aiutage; It is characterized in that: described from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment by tank body; Motor, impeller shaft, gas-liquid mixing impeller and transmission seal spare are formed; Utilize motor to pass through impeller shaft and drive the negative pressuren zone that rotates generation under the absorption liquid of gas-liquid mixing impeller in tank body at a high speed; Kiln tail gas is drawn to the gas-liquid mixing impeller negative pressuren zone through impeller shaft internal channel or the impeller shaft outer sleeve from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, and gas-liquid mixing impeller is provided with qi-emitting hole, and kiln tail gas is scattered in the form of gas with microbubble in the liquid through qi-emitting hole; Quick mass transfer and chemical reaction take place; Pollutant in the kiln tail gas is captured, absorbs and reacts by the absorption liquid in air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, handles back gas and from absorption liquid, floats, and gets into the aiutage discharging from the reactor head exhaust outlet.
2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas-liquid mixing impeller structure from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment is following: gas-liquid mixing impeller mainly is made up of hollow connecting shaft joint, hollow disc, hollow guide vane, ring diversion plate; The duct of hollow connecting shaft joint communicates with the inner space of hollow disc; Hollow disc is made up of upper cover plate, lower cover and cylindrical shell; The hollow disc lower cover downside hollow guide vane that is tightly connected; Offer the passage that is communicated with hollow guide vane inner space with the lower cover of hollow guide vane correspondence position; Hollow guide vane lower end is provided with ring diversion plate, and the rear one lateral lobe sheet of hollow guide vane direction of rotation is provided with qi-emitting hole.
3. according to the described method of claim 2; It is characterized in that: in the gas-liquid mixing impeller; Hollow guide vane has an inner space; This inner space upside communicates with hollow disc, and the rear one lateral lobe sheet of hollow guide vane direction of rotation is through qi-emitting hole and hollow guide vane exterior, and remainder is a hermetically-sealed construction.
4. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the gas-liquid mixing impeller, on the hollow disc lower cover with hollow guide vane between channel shape identical with hollow guide vane cross section.
5. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: hollow guide vane quantity is 1～50.
6. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the gas-liquid mixing impeller, hollow guide vane upper end links to each other with the lower cover of hollow disk, and the lower end links to each other with ring diversion plate, forms water stream channel between two adjacent hollow guide vanes.
7. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the gas-liquid mixing impeller, ring diversion plate is flat board or the conical plate that the center has circular water inlet; Ring diversion plate is connected with hollow guide vane, and the formed annular region area of the inside and outside circle of deflector at least can closed hollow guide vane lower end.
8. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: absorption liquid is urea liquid, sodium hydroxide solution, ammoniacal liquor, hypo solution or sodium carbonate liquor.
9. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: below the control absorption liquid temperature to 60 ℃, be preferably below 50 ℃, solids content control is preferably below 20% below 30% in the absorption liquid.
10. the controlling device of a commercial production kiln nitrogen oxide tail gas is characterized in that: comprise from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment, absorption liquid cooling system and absorption liquid sedimenting system; From air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment be relate in the arbitrary claim of claim 1～7 from air suction type gas-liquid mixed equipment; Cooling system wherein and sedimenting system are provided with one of as follows: cooling system and sedimenting system parallel connection are provided with, and promptly absorption liquid gets into cooling system and sedimenting system respectively; Perhaps the series connection of cooling system and sedimenting system is provided with, and promptly absorption liquid successively gets into cooling system and sedimenting system, and sequencing is any; Perhaps cooling system and sedimenting system are systems independently separately.
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