CN117095862B - 一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法,属于电缆技术领域,包括线芯导体,线芯导体外表面包覆有绝缘层,绝缘层表面包覆有屏蔽层,线芯导体、绝缘层和屏蔽层形成线芯,两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,三根缆芯为一组,一组缆芯的外层包覆有内衬层,内衬层和缆芯之间填充有无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳,内衬层设有外护套,外护套由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成,本发明采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制备电缆外护套,以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体和高密度聚乙烯为主要原料,加入相容剂提高原料之间结合性的同时减少热塑性聚氨酯弹性体极性基团的含量,降低其亲水性,且引入改性载银磷酸锆作为增强填料,赋予电缆护套良好的耐腐蚀性和防污性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电缆技术领域,具体涉及一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着陆地资源越来越匮乏,海洋中大量的资源得到了人们的关注,而对资源的勘探是对其进行开采的一个重要准备工作,水下的勘探设备其电力来源一般是位于水面的母船或作业平台,通过水下电缆传输电力维持设备运转。
水下电缆是用绝缘材料包裹的导线,敷设在海底及河流水下,实现电力输送、信号控制、信息传递与发射等功能。随着水下电缆的快速发展,对电缆料的需求量也越来越大,对其性能要求也越来越高,其中,热塑性聚氨酯是一种性能优良的新型合成有机高分子合成材料,具有优良的物理性能,如耐高能射线性,耐候性,耐磨性,抗撕裂性,曲挠强度都很好,拉伸强度很高,伸长率很大,长期压缩永久变形率低等优点,常作为电缆外部套材料使用,如中国专利CN111961331B公开阻燃耐水热塑性聚氨酯弹性体电缆料及其制备方法,采用层状双氢氧化物或层状硅酸盐对次磷酸盐进行改性得到表面改性次磷酸盐,解决了阻燃剂吸水的问题以及电缆料的耐水性能,但电缆整体耐腐蚀性能仍具有提升空间,原因在于该电缆中聚氨酯极性基团易于水分子之间形成氢键,使聚合物分子间的氢键减弱,导致电缆料的耐腐蚀性和防污性差,腐蚀介质的侵蚀使水下电缆存在电缆击穿、甚至爆炸伤人的隐患,海洋微生物、藻类的生长,会在电缆表面形成附着物,影响电缆的维修维护和使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法,解决现有水下电缆耐水性和防污性差的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,包括线芯导体,线芯导体外表面包覆有绝缘层,绝缘层表面包覆有屏蔽层,线芯导体、绝缘层和屏蔽层形成线芯,两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,绞合节径比为10-12,三根缆芯为一组,一组缆芯的外层包覆有内衬层,内衬层和缆芯之间填充有无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳,内衬层设有外护套,外护套由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料通过以下步骤制成:
准备以下重量份原料:热塑性聚氨酯弹性体80-100份、高密度聚乙烯8-10份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物5-7份、改性载银磷酸锆10-20份、相容剂4-8份、抗氧剂2-3份、润滑剂0.5-1份,将上述原料在高速混合机中,60℃下混合15-20min,之后转移至双螺杆挤出机中,温度180-210℃下挤出造粒,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,改性载银磷酸锆通过以下步骤制成:
步骤a、将纳米载银磷酸锆和去离子水加入烧瓶中,转速100-300r/min下边搅拌边滴加冰醋酸,滴加结束后,搅拌1h后,转速200r/min下滴加硅烷偶联剂KH-570的环己烷溶液,滴加结束后,升温至30-65℃,搅拌反应2-4h,抽滤,滤饼置于真空干燥箱中,80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到修饰载银磷酸锆;
步骤b、将修饰载银磷酸锆和二甲苯加入烧瓶中,转速200r/min下搅拌0.5-1h,氮气保护下,升温至80℃,加入过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌10min后加入丙烯酰胺衍生物和2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺,在80℃下保温反应6-8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,转速7000r/min下离心10min,沉淀经丙酮振荡洗涤后在80℃下真空干燥恒重,得到改性载银磷酸锆。
纳米载银磷酸锆是一种以磷酸锆为载体的银系抗菌剂,抗菌性和活性较为理想,但其表面为高能表面,呈亲水性,加入电料中容易团聚,降低复合材料的性能,基于此,本发明首先利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对其进行表面修饰处理,降低其亲水性的同时引入不饱和双键,之后通过溶液聚合在修饰载银磷酸锆表面引入丙烯酰胺衍生物和2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺,赋予磷酸锆多功能性。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,步骤a中纳米载银磷酸锆、去离子水、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂KH-570的用量比为4-6g:200mL:1-2mL:0.5-1g,硅烷偶联剂KH-570的环己烷溶液由硅烷偶联剂KH-570和环己烷按照0.5-1g:10mL组成。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,步骤b中修饰载银磷酸锆、二甲苯、过氧化苯甲酰、丙烯酰胺衍生物和2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺的用量比为4g:200mL:0.2-0.4g:4-8g:4-8g。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,丙烯酰胺衍生物通过以下步骤制成:
向烧瓶中加入2,6-二甲酚、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、浓硫酸和无水乙醇,35℃下搅拌反应48h,生产白色沉淀,抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,之后用无水乙醇重结晶即可;
其中,2,6-二甲酚、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、浓硫酸和无水乙醇的用量比为0.6mol:1.2-1.5mol:30mL:350-400mL,以2,6-二甲酚和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,通过Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应合成了具有类辣素结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,线芯导体由多根直径为0.3-0.35mm且单丝断裂伸长率为15-20%的镀锡铜丝束绞合而成。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,内衬层为聚酯薄膜,内衬层为绕包结构,绕包重叠率大于或等于20%。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为聚醚型。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,相容剂为POE-g-MAH、POP-g-MAH和MAH-g-SBS中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1035和抗氧剂1024中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的技术方案,润滑剂为PE蜡和乙烯基双硬脂酰胺中的一种或几种。
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在线芯导体外周挤包乙丙橡胶构成绝缘层,绝缘层厚度为0.8-0.9mm,之后采用镀锡铜丝在绝缘层外编织屏蔽层形成线芯,采用二上二下方式编织,编织密度为90-95%,将两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,绞合节径比为10-12,三根缆芯为一组,在一组缆芯表面填充无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳后饶包聚酯薄膜形成内衬层,之后在内衬层表面挤包由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成的外护套,外护套厚度为1.2-1.4mm。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明提供一种耐腐蚀水下电缆及其制备方法,采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制备电缆外护套,以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体和高密度聚乙烯为主要原料,加入相容剂提高原料之间结合性的同时减少热塑性聚氨酯弹性体极性基团的含量,降低其亲水性,且引入改性载银磷酸锆作为增强填料,赋予电缆护套良好的耐腐蚀性和防污性能。
2、本发明将改性载银磷酸锆引入护套基质中,不仅能够均匀分散,且凭借自身良好的阻隔性和抗菌性能,能够阻碍腐蚀介质的渗入以及抑制微生物的生长,增强外护套的耐腐蚀性和抗污性,此外,其表面携带活性氨基、三氟甲基以及类辣素结构,其中,氨基的引入,一方面使改性载银磷酸锆与相容剂中的酸酐基团反应,形成化学键,在改性载银磷酸锆和聚合物之间形成过渡层,减少界面缺陷,使改性载银磷酸锆更好的发挥增强作用,另一方面与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体之间通过氢键作用结合,从而提高相容性,三氟甲基的引入降低外护套的表面能,提高其疏水性,进一步地加强其耐腐蚀性能,类辣素结构的引入,能够有效抑制和趋避有害水生物,尤其是海洋中的藤壶对电缆的附着污损,综上,本发明在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料中引入改性载银磷酸锆,显著增强了复合材料的耐腐蚀以及耐污染的性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种改性载银磷酸锆,通过以下步骤制成:
步骤a、将4g纳米载银磷酸锆和200mL去离子水加入烧瓶中,转速100r/min下边搅拌边滴加1mL冰醋酸,滴加结束后,搅拌1h后,转速200r/min下滴加由0.5g硅烷偶联剂KH-570和10mL环己烷组成的溶液,滴加结束后,升温至30℃,搅拌反应2h,抽滤,滤饼置于真空干燥箱中,80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到修饰载银磷酸锆;纳米载银磷酸锆中银含量≥2.0%,粒径D50≤700nm,型号为6S-NP3,购买于上海六立纳米材料科技有限公司;
步骤b、将4g修饰载银磷酸锆和200mL二甲苯加入烧瓶中,转速200r/min下搅拌0.5h,氮气保护下,升温至80℃,加入0.2g过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌10min后加入4g丙烯酰胺衍生物和4g 2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺,在80℃下保温反应6h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,转速7000r/min下离心10min,沉淀经丙酮振荡洗涤后在80℃下真空干燥恒重,得到改性载银磷酸锆。
丙烯酰胺衍生物通过以下步骤制成:
向烧瓶中加入0.6mol 2,6-二甲酚、1.2mol N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、30mL的95wt%浓硫酸和350mL无水乙醇,35℃下搅拌反应48h,生产白色沉淀,抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,之后用无水乙醇重结晶即可。
实施例2
一种改性载银磷酸锆,通过以下步骤制成:
步骤a、将6g纳米载银磷酸锆和200mL去离子水加入烧瓶中,转速300r/min下边搅拌边滴加2mL冰醋酸,滴加结束后,搅拌1h后,转速200r/min下滴加由1g硅烷偶联剂KH-570和10mL环己烷组成的溶液,滴加结束后,升温至65℃,搅拌反应4h,抽滤,滤饼置于真空干燥箱中,80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到修饰载银磷酸锆;纳米载银磷酸锆同实施例1;
步骤b、将4g修饰载银磷酸锆和200mL二甲苯加入烧瓶中,转速200r/min下搅拌1h,氮气保护下,升温至80℃,加入0.4g过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌10min后加入8g丙烯酰胺衍生物和8g 2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺,在80℃下保温反应8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,转速7000r/min下离心10min,沉淀经丙酮振荡洗涤后在80℃下真空干燥恒重,得到改性载银磷酸锆。
丙烯酰胺衍生物通过以下步骤制成:
向烧瓶中加入0.6mol 2,6-二甲酚、1.5mol N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、30mL的95wt%浓硫酸和400mL无水乙醇,35℃下搅拌反应48h,生产白色沉淀,抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,之后用无水乙醇重结晶即可。
对比例1
将实施例1中2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺去除,其余原料及制备过程同实施例1。
对比例2
本对比例为实施例1步骤a获得的修饰载银磷酸锆。
实施例3
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,由以下步骤制成:
在线芯导体外周挤包乙丙橡胶构成绝缘层,绝缘层厚度为0.8mm,之后采用镀锡铜丝在绝缘层外编织屏蔽层形成线芯,采用二上二下方式编织,编织密度为90%,将两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,绞合节径比为10,三根缆芯为一组,在一组缆芯表面填充无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳后绕包聚酯薄膜形成内衬层,之后在内衬层表面挤包由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成的外护套,外护套厚度为1.2mm;
其中,线芯导体由多根直径为0.3mm且单丝断裂伸长率15%的镀锡铜丝束绞合而成,内衬层为聚酯薄膜,内衬层为绕包结构,绕包重叠率20%;
所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料,通过以下步骤制成:
准备以下重量份原料:热塑性聚氨酯弹性体80份、高密度聚乙烯8份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物5份、实施例1改性载银磷酸锆10份、相容剂4份、抗氧剂2份、润滑剂0.5份,将上述原料在高速混合机中,60℃下混合15min,之后转移至双螺杆挤出机中,温度180-210℃下挤出造粒,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料。
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为聚醚型,优选为德国巴斯夫生产的1085A聚醚型TPU,相容剂为POE-g-MAH,抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,润滑剂为PE蜡。
实施例4
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,由以下步骤制成:
在线芯导体外周挤包乙丙橡胶构成绝缘层,绝缘层厚度为0.8mm,之后采用镀锡铜丝在绝缘层外编织屏蔽层形成线芯,采用二上二下方式编织,编织密度为92%,将两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,绞合节径比为11,三根缆芯为一组,在一组缆芯表面填充无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳后绕包聚酯薄膜形成内衬层,之后在内衬层表面挤包由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成的外护套,外护套厚度为1.3mm;
其中,线芯导体由多根直径为0.3mm且单丝断裂伸长率18%的镀锡铜丝束绞合而成,内衬层为聚酯薄膜,内衬层为绕包结构,绕包重叠率30%;
所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料,通过以下步骤制成:
准备以下重量份原料:热塑性聚氨酯弹性体90份、高密度聚乙烯9份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物6份、实施例2改性载银磷酸锆15份、相容剂6份、抗氧剂2.5份、润滑剂0.8份,将上述原料在高速混合机中,60℃下混合18min,之后转移至双螺杆挤出机中,温度180-210℃下挤出造粒,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料。
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为聚醚型,优选为德国巴斯夫生产的1085A聚醚型TPU,相容剂为POP-g-MAH,抗氧剂为抗氧剂1035,润滑剂为PE蜡。
实施例5
一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,由以下步骤制成:
在线芯导体外周挤包乙丙橡胶构成绝缘层,绝缘层厚度为0.9mm,之后采用镀锡铜丝在绝缘层外编织屏蔽层形成线芯,采用二上二下方式编织,编织密度为95%,将两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,绞合节径比为12,三根缆芯为一组,在一组缆芯表面填充无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳后绕包聚酯薄膜形成内衬层,之后在内衬层表面挤包由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成的外护套,外护套厚度为1.4mm;
其中,线芯导体由多根直径0.35mm且单丝断裂伸长率20%的镀锡铜丝束绞合而成,内衬层为聚酯薄膜,内衬层为绕包结构,绕包重叠率30%;
所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料,通过以下步骤制成:
准备以下重量份原料:热塑性聚氨酯弹性体100份、高密度聚乙烯10份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物7份、实施例2改性载银磷酸锆20份、相容剂8份、抗氧剂3份、润滑剂1份,将上述原料在高速混合机中,60℃下混合20min,之后转移至双螺杆挤出机中,温度180-210℃下挤出造粒,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料。
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为聚醚型,优选为德国巴斯夫生产的1085A聚醚型TPU,相容剂为MAH-g-SBS,抗氧剂为抗氧剂1024,润滑剂为乙烯基双硬脂酰胺。
对比例3
与实施例3相比,将实施例3中改性载银磷酸锆替换成对比例1中物质,其余原料及制备过程同实施例3。
对比例4
与实施例3相比,将实施例3中改性载银磷酸锆替换成对比例2中物质,其余原料及制备过程同实施例3。
对实施例3-实施例5和对比例3-对比例4获得耐腐蚀水下电缆的外护套进行检测,参考标准IEC60092-359测试拉伸强度;将各组外护套材料置于纯水中25℃下浸泡7天,取出擦干表面水分,分别在测试前、测试后进行样品称重,计算吸收率(%);将各组测试过拉伸强度的试样置于40g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡7天,取出后擦干,重新检测拉伸强度,记录拉伸强度变化率,变化率越大,耐腐蚀性越差,将各组电缆置于海域中,并在第6个月检测海洋生物附着率,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
项目 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 19.3 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 18.5 | 18.3 |
吸水率(%) | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.91 |
拉伸强度变化率(%) | -3.0 | -2.3 | -2.1 | -3.7 | -4.5 |
海洋生物附着率(%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 15 |
由表1可以看出,相比于对比例3和对比例4而言,实施例3、实施例4、实施例5获得水下电缆性能更优。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,其特征在于,包括线芯导体,线芯导体外表面包覆有绝缘层,绝缘层表面包覆有屏蔽层,线芯导体、绝缘层和屏蔽层形成线芯,两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,三根缆芯为一组,一组缆芯的外层包覆有内衬层,内衬层和缆芯之间填充有无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳,内衬层设有外护套,外护套由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成;
所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料通过以下步骤制成:
准备以下重量份原料:热塑性聚氨酯弹性体80-100份、高密度聚乙烯8-10份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物5-7份、改性载银磷酸锆10-20份、相容剂4-8份、抗氧剂2-3份、润滑剂0.5-1份;将上述原料混合,挤出造粒即可;
改性载银磷酸锆通过以下步骤制成:
将修饰载银磷酸锆和二甲苯加入烧瓶中,搅拌0.5-1h,氮气保护下,升温至80℃,加入过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌后加入丙烯酰胺衍生物和2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺,在80℃下保温反应6-8h,得到改性载银磷酸锆;
修饰载银磷酸锆通过以下步骤制成:
将纳米载银磷酸锆和去离子水加入烧瓶中,边搅拌边滴加冰醋酸,滴加结束后,搅拌1h后,滴加硅烷偶联剂KH-570的环己烷溶液,滴加结束后,升温至30-65℃,搅拌反应2-4h,得到修饰载银磷酸锆;
丙烯酰胺衍生物通过以下步骤制成:
向烧瓶中加入2,6-二甲酚、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、浓硫酸和无水乙醇,35℃下搅拌反应48h,生产白色沉淀,抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,之后用无水乙醇重结晶即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,其特征在于,修饰载银磷酸锆、二甲苯、过氧化苯甲酰、丙烯酰胺衍生物和2-烯丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺的用量比为4g:200mL:0.2-0.4g:4-8g:4-8g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,其特征在于,纳米载银磷酸锆、去离子水、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂KH-570的用量比为4-6g:200mL:1-2mL:0.5-1g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐腐蚀水下电缆,其特征在于,2,6-二甲酚、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、浓硫酸和无水乙醇的用量比为0.6mol:1.2-1.5mol:30mL:350-400mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐腐蚀水下电缆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
在线芯导体外周挤包乙丙橡胶构成绝缘层,之后采用镀锡铜丝在绝缘层外编织屏蔽层形成线芯,采用二上二下方式编织,将两根线芯相互绞合形成缆芯,三根缆芯为一组,在一组缆芯表面填充无卤低烟阻燃聚丙烯绳后绕包聚酯薄膜形成内衬层,之后在内衬层表面挤包由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料制成的外护套。
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