CN117093022A - Heliostat aiming system - Google Patents
Heliostat aiming system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117093022A CN117093022A CN202311361340.2A CN202311361340A CN117093022A CN 117093022 A CN117093022 A CN 117093022A CN 202311361340 A CN202311361340 A CN 202311361340A CN 117093022 A CN117093022 A CN 117093022A
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- heliostat
- reflected
- imaging
- heat absorber
- light
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HUPNQNOWXCVQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-pyran-4-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CCOC=C1 HUPNQNOWXCVQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heliostat aiming system, which relates to the technical field of solar photo-thermal application and comprises a reflecting device, an imaging sensor and an adjusting device, wherein the reflecting device is used for reflecting light emitted by the heliostat; the light reflected by the heliostat is reflected to the imaging device by the reflecting device; the light reflected by the heat absorber is transmitted to the imaging device, and the imaging device images the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the image of the heat absorber on the sensor at the same time; the adjusting device adjusts the angle of the heliostat according to the position of the heliostat, which is imaged by the sun, and the imaging of the heat absorber on the imaging sensor. The heliostat aiming system provided by the invention reduces the precision requirement on each angle error and reduces the maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar photo-thermal application, in particular to a heliostat aiming system.
Background
The basic principle of photo-thermal power generation is that sunlight is reflected to the surface of a heat absorber positioned on a high tower by controlling a heliostat, after the heat absorber absorbs the heat of the sunlight, molten salt in the heat absorber is heated and melted, and the molten salt is conveyed to a power station positioned at the bottom of the tower by a high-temperature pump to generate power at high temperature. Therefore, a key technical difficulty of photo-thermal power generation is how to keep the light reflected by the heliostat accurately irradiated on the surface of the heat absorber all the time. Once the center of the light spot is shifted, the molten salt inside the heat absorber cannot absorb heat.
In this regard, the prior art solutions are: the position of the sun at any local moment is obtained through an astronomical algorithm, the relative position between a certain heliostat and the heat absorber is obtained through a geodetic method, and the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the heliostat are calculated according to the sunlight direction vector and the relative position between the heliostat and the heat absorber, so that sunlight is reflected to the surface of the heat absorber. However, the prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: the control of various errors such as angle control errors of heliostats, angle errors of heliostat zero positions, angle errors measured in the ground and the like must be accurate to angles, so that the hardware cost is greatly increased; because the installation position of the heliostat can have the movement of the foundation and the heliostat bears the change of the installation angle caused by the wind, the rain and the wind for a long time, the heliostat error is accumulated, and therefore, each heliostat needs to be periodically recalibrated, and the maintenance cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, the heliostat aiming system provided by the invention reduces the precision requirement on each angle error and reduces the maintenance cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the heliostat aiming system is used for adjusting the angle of a heliostat to enable light rays reflected by the heliostat to irradiate a heat absorber and comprises a reflecting device, an imaging sensor and an adjusting device;
the light reflected by the heliostat is reflected to the imaging device by the reflecting device, the light reflected by the heat absorber is directly transmitted to the imaging device or reflected to the imaging device by the reflecting device, and the imaging device images the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the image of the heat absorber on the imaging sensor at the same time;
the adjusting device adjusts the angle of the heliostat according to the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the position of the imaging sensor imaged by the heat absorber.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the relative position between the heliostat and the heat absorber is judged skillfully through the imaging positions of the heliostat and the heat absorber. When the light reflected by the heliostat is accurately projected on the heat absorber, the direction vector of the reflected light of the heliostat is opposite to the direction vector of the connecting line of the heat absorber and the heliostat, and the direction vector is 180 degrees. That is, if the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber coincide, it is indicated that the light reflected by the heliostat is accurately projected onto the heat absorber, and if the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber do not coincide, it is indicated that the light reflected by the heliostat is not accurately projected onto the heat absorber, and the angle of the heliostat needs to be adjusted. Therefore, the adjusting device adjusts the angle of the heliostat according to the two different imaging positions until the two imaging coincide. Based on the above, the technical scheme provided by the invention does not need to measure the angles of the heliostat, the zero position of the heliostat and the geodetic angle, so that the control of various angle errors is avoided, the heliostat imaging is only required to be adjusted to coincide with the imaging of the heat absorber by the adjusting device, and the excessive hardware cost is avoided. In addition, once the two images are misaligned and their values exceed a set threshold, the adjustment device immediately initiates adjustment of the heliostat angle. Therefore, when the installation position of the heliostat moves due to the foundation or the installation angle of the heliostat changes due to long-time exposure to wind and rain, the two different images inevitably change in position, so that the two images are not overlapped. Once the imaging misalignment caused by the position change occurs, the adjusting device can immediately start the adjustment of the angle of the heliostat, so that the subsequent maintenance cost is reduced.
Optionally, the reflecting device is a pyramid, and the light reflected by the heat absorber is directly transmitted to the imaging device.
Because the direction vector of the light reflected by the heliostat and the direction vector of the light reflected by the heat absorber are just opposite and 180 degrees, the light can be reversed in 180 degrees in direction with the accuracy of the magnitude of an angle second by using the pyramid, so that the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber can be projected on the same plane, and the imaging position can be identified conveniently.
Optionally, the heliostat aiming system further comprises a first monochromatic filter, and light reflected by the heliostat enters the pyramid after passing through the first monochromatic filter.
The light reflected by the heliostat enters the imaging device at a single wavelength through the monochromatic filter, so that the imaging sensor can distinguish imaging of the heliostat from imaging of the heat absorber.
Optionally, the heliostat aiming system further comprises a first attenuation sheet, wherein the first attenuation sheet is positioned between the first monochromatic filter and the pyramid, or the first monochromatic filter is positioned between the first attenuation sheet and the pyramid.
The attenuation sheet can be used to adjust the exposure time of the imaging sensor to prevent damage to the sensor caused by excessive solar radiation.
Optionally, the heliostat aiming system further comprises a second monochromatic filter, and the light reflected by the heat absorber is projected to the imaging device after passing through the second monochromatic filter.
The light reflected by the heat absorber enters the imaging device at a single wavelength through the monochromatic filter, so that the imaging sensor can further distinguish between the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber.
Optionally, the collimator further includes a second attenuation sheet, where the second attenuation sheet is located between the second monochromatic filter and the imaging device, or the second monochromatic filter is located between the second attenuation sheet and a lens of the imaging device.
The attenuation pad may be used to adjust the exposure time of the imaging sensor to match the exposure time of the heliostat reflected light.
Optionally, the reflecting device is an X prism, and the light reflected by the heat absorber is reflected to the imaging device by the X prism.
Through the X prism, the rays reflected by the heliostat and the rays reflected by the heat absorber can be directly reflected into the imaging device. Meanwhile, by means of the self characteristics of the X prism, light rays reflected by the heliostat and light rays reflected by the heat absorber are of single wavelength when entering the imaging device, so that the two imaging devices can be distinguished conveniently, and the optical filter is omitted.
These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. The best mode or means of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the technical scheme of the present invention. In addition, these features, elements, and components are shown in plural in each of the following and drawings, and are labeled with different symbols or numerals for convenience of description, but each denote a component of the same or similar construction or function.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a light path diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
The system comprises a 1-heliostat, a 2-first monochromatic filter, a 3-first attenuation sheet, a 4-pyramid, a 5-heat absorber, a 6-second monochromatic filter, a 7-second attenuation sheet, an 8-pyramid-reflected parallel light, a 9-imaging device, a 10-imaging sensor and an 11-X prism.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The examples in the embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an example" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself can be included in at least one embodiment of the present patent disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Embodiment one:
the present embodiment provides a heliostat aiming system for adjusting the angle of a heliostat (not shown in the figure) so that the light 1 reflected by the heliostat is irradiated to a heat absorber (not shown in the figure). As shown in fig. 1, the heliostat aiming system provided in the present embodiment includes a reflecting device, an imaging device 9, an imaging sensor 10, and an adjusting device (not shown). In this embodiment, the reflecting means is a pyramid 4, in particular a total reflection pyramid. Because the direction vector of the light ray 1 reflected by the heliostat and the direction vector of the light ray 5 reflected by the heat absorber are just opposite and 180 degrees, the light ray can be inverted in 180 degrees with the accuracy of the order of magnitude of an angle second by using the total reflection pyramid, so that parallel light 8 reflected by the pyramid is formed, and the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the image of the heat absorber can be imaged on the imaging sensor 10 at the same time, so that the imaging position can be identified conveniently.
In this embodiment, the heliostat aiming system further includes a first monochromatic filter 2, a first attenuation sheet 3, a second monochromatic filter 6, and a second attenuation sheet 7. The light 1 reflected by the heliostat enters the pyramid 4 through the first monochromatic filter 2 and the first attenuation sheet 3. In this embodiment, the light 1 reflected by the heliostat passes through the first monochromatic filter 2 and then passes through the first attenuation sheet 3 and enters the pyramid 4, that is, the first attenuation sheet 3 is located between the first monochromatic filter 2 and the pyramid 4. The light 1 reflected by the heliostat enters the imaging device 9 in a single wavelength through the filtering of the first monochromatic filter 2 so as to distinguish the imaging of the heliostat from the imaging of the heat absorber, and the first attenuation sheet 3 can be used for adjusting the exposure time of the imaging sensor 10 to prevent the damage of the sensor caused by excessive solar radiation. It should be noted that the positions of the first monochromatic filter 2 and the first attenuation sheet 3 are not fixed, and in other embodiments, the light 1 reflected by the heliostat may also pass through the first attenuation sheet 3 and then pass through the first monochromatic filter 2 and enter the pyramid 4, that is, the first monochromatic filter 2 is located between the first attenuation sheet 3 and the pyramid 4.
Similarly, the light 5 reflected by the heat absorber passes through the second monochromatic filter 6 and then passes through the second attenuation sheet 7 to enter the camera, that is, the second attenuation sheet 7 is located between the second monochromatic filter 6 and the imaging device 9. The light rays 5 reflected by the heat absorber enter the imaging device 9 at a single wavelength as well by the filtering of the second monochromatic filter 6, so as to further distinguish the imaging of the heliostat from the imaging of the heat absorber. The second attenuator 7 may be used to adjust the exposure time of the imaging sensor 10 to match the exposure time of the heliostat reflected light. It should also be noted that the positions of the second monochromatic light filter 6 and the second attenuation sheet 7 are not fixed, and in other embodiments, the light 5 reflected by the heat absorber may pass through the second attenuation sheet 7 and then enter the imaging device 9 after passing through the second monochromatic light filter 6, that is, the second monochromatic light filter 6 is located between the second attenuation sheet 7 and the imaging device 9.
The first monochromatic filter 2, the first attenuation sheet 3, the second monochromatic filter 6 and the second attenuation sheet 7 are not necessarily all arranged, and one or more of them can be flexibly selected and used according to actual light conditions by a person skilled in the art.
The light 1 reflected by the heliostat is reflected by the pyramid 4, the parallel light 8 reflected by the pyramid 4 is transmitted to the imaging device 9, the light 5 reflected by the heat absorber is directly projected to the imaging device 9, the imaging device 9 images the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the image of the heat absorber on the imaging sensor 10 at the same time, the images obtained by imaging are distinguished by color channels, the images of the heliostat reflecting channels and the images of the heat absorber reflecting channels are respectively obtained, the central points of the two images are obtained in an image recognition mode, the positions of the central points of the two channels on the imaging sensor 10 are compared, and the angle of the heliostat is adjusted by the adjusting device according to the images of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the images of the heat absorber on the imaging sensor 10.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, the relative position between the heliostat and the heat absorber is judged through the imaging positions of the heliostat and the heat absorber ingeniously. When the light reflected by the heliostat is accurately projected on the heat absorber, the direction vector of the reflected light of the heliostat is opposite to the direction vector of the connecting line of the heat absorber and the heliostat, and the direction vector is 180 degrees. That is, if the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber coincide, it is indicated that the light reflected by the heliostat is accurately projected onto the heat absorber, and if the imaging of the heliostat and the imaging of the heat absorber do not coincide, it is indicated that the light reflected by the heliostat is not accurately projected onto the heat absorber, and the angle of the heliostat needs to be adjusted. Therefore, the adjusting device adjusts the angle of the heliostat according to the two different imaging positions until the two imaging coincide. Based on this, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment does not need to measure the angle of the heliostat, the angle of the zero position of the heliostat and the angle measured by the earth, so that the control of various angle errors is avoided, the heliostat imaging is only required to be adjusted to coincide with the imaging of the heat absorber by the adjusting device, and the excessive hardware cost is avoided. In addition, once the two images are misaligned and their values exceed a set threshold, the adjustment device immediately initiates adjustment of the heliostat angle. Therefore, when the installation position of the heliostat moves due to the foundation or the installation angle of the heliostat changes due to long-time exposure to wind and rain, the two different images inevitably change in position, so that the two images are not overlapped. Once the imaging misalignment caused by the position change occurs, the adjusting device can immediately start the adjustment of the angle of the heliostat, so that the subsequent maintenance cost is reduced.
Embodiment two:
unlike the first embodiment, the transmitting device of the heliostat aiming system provided in the present embodiment is an X prism 11.
As shown in fig. 2, the solid line in fig. 2 represents the light ray 1 reflected by the heliostat, the broken line represents the light ray 5 reflected by the heat absorber, and it can be seen that the light ray reflected by the X-prism 11 is perpendicular to the light ray 1 reflected by the heliostat or the light ray 5 reflected by the heat absorber, and the light ray 1 reflected by the heliostat and the light ray 5 reflected by the heat absorber respectively enter the imaging device 9 after being reflected by the X-prism 11. The light rays 1 reflected by the heliostat and the light rays 5 reflected by the heat absorber can be directly reflected into the imaging device 9 through the X-prism 11. Meanwhile, by means of the self characteristics of the X-prism 11, the light rays 1 reflected by the heliostat and the light rays 5 reflected by the heat absorber are of single wavelength when entering the imaging device 9, so that the two imaging modes can be distinguished conveniently, and the optical filter is omitted.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention includes but is not limited to the accompanying drawings and the description of the above specific embodiment. Any modifications which do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The heliostat aiming system is used for adjusting the angle of a heliostat to enable light reflected by the heliostat to irradiate a heat absorber and is characterized by comprising a reflecting device, an imaging sensor and an adjusting device;
the light reflected by the heliostat is reflected to the imaging device by the reflecting device, the light reflected by the heat absorber is directly transmitted to the imaging device or reflected to the imaging device by the reflecting device, and the imaging device images the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the image of the heat absorber on the imaging sensor at the same time;
the adjusting device adjusts the angle of the heliostat according to the image of the sun reflected by the heliostat and the position of the imaging sensor imaged by the heat absorber.
2. The heliostat aiming system of claim 1, wherein the reflecting means is a pyramid and the light reflected by the heat sink is transmitted directly to the imaging means.
3. The heliostat targeting system of claim 2, further comprising a first monochromatic filter through which heliostat reflected light enters the pyramid.
4. The heliostat aiming system of claim 3, further comprising a first attenuation sheet positioned between the first monochromatic filter and the pyramid or the first monochromatic filter positioned between the first attenuation sheet and the pyramid.
5. The heliostat aiming system of claim 2, further comprising a second monochromatic filter through which light reflected by a heat sink is projected onto the imaging device.
6. The heliostat aiming system of claim 5, wherein the sight further comprises a second attenuation sheet positioned between the second monochromatic filter and the imaging device or between the second attenuation sheet and a lens of the imaging device.
7. The heliostat aiming system of claim 1, wherein the reflecting means is an X-prism and light reflected by a heat sink is reflected by the X-prism to the imaging means.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311361340.2A CN117093022A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Heliostat aiming system |
| CN202410918325.1A CN118502488A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2024-07-10 | Aiming system of heliostat |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311361340.2A CN117093022A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Heliostat aiming system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117093022A true CN117093022A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311361340.2A Pending CN117093022A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Heliostat aiming system |
| CN202410918325.1A Pending CN118502488A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2024-07-10 | Aiming system of heliostat |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410918325.1A Pending CN118502488A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2024-07-10 | Aiming system of heliostat |
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| CN (2) | CN117093022A (en) |
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| CN118502488A (en) | 2024-08-16 |
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