CN117088627A - Alkali-activated cementing material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Alkali-activated cementing material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001653 ettringite Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a glue alkali-activated cementing material, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building materials. The cementing material comprises a composite precursor material and an alkali excitant, wherein the composite precursor material is formed by compounding coal gangue and waste incineration fly ash or bottom slag; the alkali-activator comprises NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 One or both of the solutions. The materials adopted by the application are mostly solid waste materials, the production process is simple, calcination is not needed, the cost is low, and the CO is low 2 The emission is small, the mechanical property of the obtained high-strength environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material is excellent, heavy metals in waste can be effectively solidified, and the high-strength environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material is environment-friendly and has wide market popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to an alkali-activated cementing material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The alkali-activated cementing material is a novel low-carbon environment-friendly cementing material which is newly developed, active substances in raw materials such as silicate, aluminate and the like are activated by an alkali-activated agent to form a cementing system, and compared with the traditional silicate cement cementing material, the alkali-activated cementing material has the advantages of simple preparation process, low energy consumption, small emission, high waste utilization rate, higher strength and better durability, and the raw material mixture of the alkali-activated cementing material is mainly a material with higher volcanic ash activity, such as solid waste such as fly ash, silica fume and the like, so that the alkali-activated cementing material can effectively utilize the solid waste and reduce the waste of resources. The common solid wastes comprise coal gangue, incineration fly ash, bottom slag and the like, the generation amount of the solid wastes in China is increased day by day, the total amount of the coal gangue generated in China in 2020 is counted to be more than 7 hundred million tons, the total amount of the fly ash and the bottom slag generated after the household garbage is incinerated are counted to be more than 1000 ten thousand tons, the solid wastes are not effectively recycled and treated, the resources are wasted greatly, and the human body and the environment are seriously harmed.
Gangue is a solid waste generated in the coal mining process, and mainly comprises coal rock, limestone and the like, which are commonly used for landfill treatment, but occupy a large amount of land resources, and simultaneously generate a large amount of percolate, methane and other harmful gases, so that the environment is polluted; fly ash is a tiny particle matter generated after garbage incineration, and is mainly characterized by low water content, large specific surface area and high porosity, the main component is an inorganic substance and contains a large amount of chloride, heavy metal and dioxin, wherein the heavy metal is a harmful substance which is deeply hidden in the fly ash, the heavy metal not only can cause degradation of soil, but also can cause certain pollution to underground water, and the human body can cause serious injury to the human body after long-term contact with the heavy metal, and the dioxin is a grade-B cancerogenic substance and has extremely high toxicity, so that the human body can be greatly influenced once the heavy metal is contacted for a long time; the bottom slag is solid waste remained at the bottom of the hearth after the garbage incineration, is usually in a fine particle shape, and mainly comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 . The bottom slag is about 10% of the total amount of the garbage incineration, and compared with the incineration fly ash, the bottom slag has very high yield, is usually subjected to landfill treatment, occupies a large amount of land resources, and also causes environmental pollution. At present, main energy sources in China still mainly comprise coal, and gangue is coalThe stone yield increases year by year, and along with the continuous increase of household garbage, the fly ash and bottom slag generated after the garbage incineration treatment also increase sharply, but the solid waste is still mainly treated in a landfill mode in China, but the available landfill sites are fewer and fewer, and the solid waste is treated by the landfill method, so that serious secondary pollution is brought to the environment. Therefore, how to strengthen and perfect the management and utilization of solid waste, especially dangerous waste, and research on the recycling way of solid waste has become a urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of how to effectively recycle solid waste, the application aims at providing a novel environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material, at providing a preparation method of the alkali-activated cementing material, at providing an application of the alkali-activated cementing material and at providing a solidification method of heavy metals in the solid waste. The alkali-activated cementing material disclosed by the application completely adopts the solid waste coal gangue, the fly ash and the bottom slag as the composite precursor materials, and further prepares the cementing material under the excitation of the alkali solution, has the advantages of wide raw material sources, simplicity in preparation, high strength and the like, can fully recycle the solid waste, has low energy consumption and low emission, can effectively solidify and stabilize heavy metals in the waste, and has positive significance on ecological environment and human health.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following specific scheme:
an alkali-activated cementing material comprises a composite precursor material and an alkali-activated agent; the composite precursor material is formed by compounding coal gangue and fly ash or bottom slag; the alkali-activator comprises NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 One or both of the solutions.
In the cementing material, the mass percentage of the coal gangue is 60% -95%, such as 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 95% or any value between them, preferably 80% -90% based on the total mass of the composite precursor material; the mass percentage of the fly ash is 5% -40%, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or any value in between, preferably 10% -20%.
In the cementing material, the mass percentage of the coal gangue is 60% -90% based on the total mass of the composite precursor material; the bottom slag mass percent is 10% -40%, such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or any value therebetween, preferably 20% -30%.
In the cementing material, the mass of the alkali-activated agent accounts for 50 percent of the total mass of the composite precursor material, wherein NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio is 1:0 to 1:3, for example 1:0, 1:0.3, 1:1, 1:3 preferably 1:1 to 1:3.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the novel environment-friendly cementing material according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing 60-95 parts by weight of coal gangue, 5-40 parts by weight of fly ash or 60-90 parts by weight of coal gangue and 10-40 parts by weight of bottom slag under normal temperature and drying conditions to obtain composite powder;
(2) NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution is mixed and stirred uniformly according to the weight ratio of 1:0-1:3 to obtain an alkali-activated agent solution;
(3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step (1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step (2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
(4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compaction table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+ -3 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
(1) The preparation method disclosed by the application has the advantages of simple preparation process, no need of heating and calcining in the preparation process, no CO2 emission, low energy consumption and low preparation cost, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
(2) The application can recycle the solid waste of coal gangue, fly ash and bottom slag, solves the problem of large accumulation of the solid waste, adopts all solid waste as raw materials, improves the utilization rate of the solid waste and reduces the influence of the solid waste on the surrounding environment.
(3) The application utilizes the solid waste to prepare the environment-friendly cementing material, the strength of the cementing material can meet the engineering construction requirements, and the cementing material can effectively replace silicate cement.
(4) The application uses waste to treat waste, and the prepared cementing material can effectively stabilize and solidify heavy metals in fly ash or bottom slag, thereby greatly reducing the influence of the cementing material on human body and environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of cement 28d of various embodiments.
Fig. 2 is an infrared spectrum of a different embodiment cement 28 d.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a different embodiment of cement 28 d; wherein, (a) is an SEM image of cement 28d obtained in example 3, and (b) is an SEM image of cement 28d obtained in comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present application and facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
The gangue used in the following examples of the present application was powder having a particle size of 0.2mm or less, and the chemical composition thereof is shown in Table 1.
The fly ash used was from a refuse incineration plant and its chemical composition is shown in Table 2.
The bottom slag was powder with a particle size of 0.28mm or less, and the chemical composition thereof is shown in Table 3.
The alkali-exciting agent is NaOH and water glass, wherein the NaOH reagent is white uniform granular or flaky solid, and the chemical compositions are shown in table 4; the water glass is SP50 type water glass, the modulus is 2.3, the water glass is colorless, slightly colored transparent thick liquid, and the density is 1.46-1.51g/cm 3 (20 ℃ C.) the main component is SiO 2 And Na (Na) 2 O。
Table 1 chemical composition of gangue
| Composition of the components | CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | K 2 O | Others |
| Mass content/% | 0.23 | 51.17 | 46.60 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 1.29 |
TABLE 2 fly ash chemical composition
TABLE 3 composition of bottom slag chemical constituents
TABLE 4 chemical composition of NaOH reagent
Example 1
The preparation of the novel environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing 95 parts by weight of coal gangue and 5 parts by weight of fly ash under stirring at normal temperature under a drying condition to obtain composite powder;
2) NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution is mixed and stirred uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an alkali-activated agent solution;
3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step 1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step 2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compacting table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+/-3 ℃.
Example 2
The preparation of the novel environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following steps:
1) Taking 90 parts by weight of coal gangue and 10 parts by weight of bottom slag, and stirring and mixing under normal temperature and drying conditions to obtain composite powder;
2) NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution is mixed and stirred uniformly according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain an alkali-activated agent solution;
3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step 1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step 2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compacting table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+/-3 ℃.
Example 3
The preparation of the novel environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing 85 parts by weight of coal gangue and 15 parts by weight of fly ash under stirring at normal temperature under a drying condition to obtain composite powder;
2) NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution is mixed and stirred uniformly according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain an alkali-activated agent solution;
3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step 1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step 2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compacting table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+/-3 ℃.
Example 4
The preparation of the novel environment-friendly alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing 85 parts by weight of coal gangue and 15 parts by weight of bottom slag under stirring at normal temperature under a drying condition to obtain composite powder;
2) NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution is mixed and stirred uniformly according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain an alkali-activated agent solution;
3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step 1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step 2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compacting table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+/-3 ℃.
Comparative examples 1 to 12 below are comparative examples in which the relevant parameters were changed and the relevant properties were compared on the basis of examples 1 to 4.
Comparative example 1
The amount of coal gangue was replaced with 90 parts by weight, the amount of fly ash was replaced with 10 parts by weight, and the rest of the operations were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The amount of coal gangue was replaced with 80 parts by weight, the amount of fly ash was replaced with 20 parts by weight, and the rest of the operations were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The amount of coal gangue was replaced with 80 parts by weight, the amount of bottom slag was replaced with 20 parts by weight, and the rest of the operations were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 4
The amount of coal gangue was replaced with 70 parts by weight, the amount of bottom slag was replaced with 30 parts by weight, and the rest of the operations were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 5
The amount of coal gangue was replaced with 60 parts by weight, the amount of bottom slag was replaced with 40 parts by weight, and the rest of the operations were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 6
NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution weight ratio was replaced with 100:0 and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 7
NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution weight ratio was replaced with 75:25 and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 8
NaOH solution accounting for 50 percent of the composite powder and Na 2 SiO 3 The solution weight ratio was replaced with 25:75 and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 9
The weight ratio of NaOH solution accounting for 50% of the composite powder to Na2SiO3 solution is replaced by 20:80, and the rest operations are the same as those of the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 10
The weight ratio of NaOH solution and Na2SiO3 solution accounting for 50% of the composite powder is replaced by 100:0, and the rest operations are the same as in the embodiment 4.
Comparative example 11
The weight ratio of NaOH solution and Na2SiO3 solution accounting for 50% of the composite powder is replaced by 75:25, and the rest of the operations are the same as those of the embodiment 4.
Comparative example 12
The weight ratio of NaOH solution and Na2SiO3 solution accounting for 50% of the composite powder is replaced by 25:75, and the rest of the operations are the same as those of the embodiment 4.
The cement strengths of the above examples and comparative examples were tested with reference to JGJ/T70-2009 Standard for basic Property test of construction mortar, and the results are shown in Table 5. The fly ash, bottom slag, and examples 3 and comparative example 4 were subjected to leaching tests respectively in reference to GB 145691-2011 "low, medium level radioactive waste cured body performance requirement Cement cured body", and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 5 results of Strength test of different alkali-activated gelling materials
TABLE 6 results of metal leaching experiments
The XRD of the novel environmentally friendly cementing materials 28d of example 3, comparative example 4, comparative example 8 and comparative example 12 is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the products after hydration hardening of the gangue fly ash geopolymer and the gangue bottom slag geopolymer are mainly mullite, calcite, hydrated calcium silicate, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite, and quartz residues in the raw materials.
The infrared spectrse:Sub>A of the novel green binders 28d of example 3, comparative example 4, comparative example 8 and comparative example 12 are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the figure that the shrinkage vibration peaks of the hydration products correspond to those of the XRD patterns, and the final components of the binders include the reaction products (e.g., C-se:Sub>A-S-H gel) and unreacted coal gangue powder.
The sem images of the novel green binder 28d of example 3 and comparative example 4 are shown in fig. 3, and it is evident from (a) that the gangue fly ash polymer binder hydrates to form calcite, ettringite and calcium alumino silicate gels, which fill in the pores to bind the various products together; from the graph (b), it is apparent that the hydration product of the polymer of the gangue bottom slag has mullite and calcium aluminosilicate gel, and the calcium aluminosilicate gel forms a compact structure inside, which is a main cause of the strength of the cementing material. Fig. 3 shows the microscopic morphology of the corresponding product of fig. 1, further verifying the composition of the hydration product.
As can be seen from Table 5, the mixing amount of the gangue and the fly ash cementing material is 10% -20%, the compression resistance is good, the mass ratio of the gangue to the fly ash is 85:15, and the NaOH solution to Na 2 SiO 3 When the mass ratio of the solution is 25:75, the compression resistance of the cementing material is optimal, and the 28d strength can reach 48.45MPa; the mixing amount of the gangue and the bottom slag cementing material in the bottom slag is less than 10 percent, the strength is not generated, and when the mass ratio of the gangue to the bottom slag is 85:15, the NaOH solution and the Na solution are 2 SiO 3 When the mass ratio of the solution is 25:75, the compression resistance of the cementing material is optimal, and the 28d strength can reach 26.15MPa.
As can be seen from table 6, the gangue and the fly ash binder and the gangue and bottom slag binder can well solidify the metal elements in the fly ash and the bottom slag, wherein the highest solidified Hg of the gangue and the fly ash binder reaches 98.02%, and the lowest solidified Ba reaches 84.66%; the highest solidification Hg of the gangue and bottom slag cementing material reaches 95.81%, and the lowest solidification Pb reaches 55.95%, so that the novel environment-friendly cementing material can effectively incinerate heavy metals in wastes, and has important significance for environmental protection.
It will be understood that the application is not limited in its application to the examples described above, but is capable of modification and variation in light of the above teachings by those skilled in the art, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of this application.
Claims (10)
1. An alkali-activated gelling material, characterized in that: comprises a composite precursor material and an alkali-activated agent; the composite precursor material is formed by compounding coal gangue and fly ash or bottom slag; the alkali-activator comprises NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 One or both of the solutions.
2. The cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the composite precursor material is formed by compounding coal gangue and fly ash; based on the total mass of the composite precursor material, the mass percentage of the coal gangue is 60% -95%, and the mass percentage of the fly ash is 5% -40%.
3. The cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage of the gangue is 80% -90%, and the mass percentage of the fly ash is 10% -20%.
4. The cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the composite precursor material is formed by compositing coal gangue and bottom slag; based on the total mass of the composite precursor material, the mass percentage of the coal gangue is 60% -90%; the mass percentage of the bottom slag is 10% -40%.
5. The cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the alkali-activated agent accounts for 50% of the total mass of the composite precursor material, wherein NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio is 1:1-1:4.
6. The method for preparing the novel environment-friendly cementing material according to any one of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 60-95 parts by weight of coal gangue, 5-40 parts by weight of fly ash or 60-90 parts by weight of coal gangue and 10-40 parts by weight of bottom slag under normal temperature and drying conditions to obtain composite powder;
(2) NaOH solution and Na 2 SiO 3 Mixing and stirring the solution uniformly to obtain an alkali-exciting agent solution; naOH and Na in the alkali-activator solution 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio of NaOH to Na is 1:1-1:4 2 SiO 3 The sum of the mass of the powder is 50% of the total mass of the composite powder;
(3) Mixing the composite powder obtained in the step (1) with the alkali-activated agent solution obtained in the step (2) and stirring by using a paste stirrer to obtain a cementing material;
(4) Pouring the cementing material clean slurry into a mould, compacting for 0.5-5 min at a cement mortar compaction table, standing for 1-3 days, demoulding, shaping, taking out, and curing at 20+ -3 ℃.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: preparing composite powder from coal gangue and fly ash, wherein the mass ratio of the coal gangue to the fly ash is 85:15; naOH and Na in alkali excitation solution 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 1:3.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: preparing composite powder from coal gangue and bottom slag, wherein the mass ratio of the coal gangue to the bottom slag is 85:15; naOH and Na in alkali excitation solution 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 1:3.
9. Use of a cementitious material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a cementitious material prepared by a method of preparation according to any one of claims 6 to 8 in the preparation of a building material.
10. A solidification method of heavy metals in solid waste is characterized in that:
the solid waste is fly ash or bottom slag generated after garbage incineration;
the solidifying method is to prepare a cementing material by using the solid waste as a raw material so as to solidify metal elements, and comprises the following specific processes: the fly ash or bottom slag and the coal gangue are compounded to prepare composite powder, and then the composite powder and the alkali excitant solution are mixed and stirred to obtain a cementing material;
wherein the composite powder comprises 60-95 parts by weight of coal gangue and 5-40 parts by weight of fly ash, or 60-90 parts by weight of coal gangue and 10-40 parts by weight of bottom slag;
the alkali-exciting agent comprises NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 The NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 The mass ratio of NaOH to Na is 1:1-1:4 2 SiO 3 The sum of the mass of the powder is 50% of the total mass of the composite powder.
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