CN113233821B - Cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of waste incineration slag, and particularly discloses a cement-free waste incineration slag-based baking-free brick and a preparation method thereof. The cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass: 6-8 parts of waste incineration slag, 2-4 parts of admixture and 3-5 parts of alkali activator, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: a. grinding the waste incinerator slag, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with an admixture and an alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material; b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould for compression molding to obtain a molded test block; c. and curing the formed test block to obtain the baking-free brick. The cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick provided by the invention has the advantages of simple materials, low cost, high use strength, good curing effect of heavy metal elements, difficulty in leaching and large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of waste incineration slag, in particular to a cement-free waste incineration slag-based baking-free brick and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Domestic waste is a big problem in the process of urbanization. Because of the huge daily discharge amount, the wide variety of components and the great fluctuation of garbage, garbage disposal is always a difficult task. A safe, environment-friendly and efficient disposal method is always a large research target of scientific researchers in many countries. At present, the method adopted by most countries in the world is waste incineration treatment. However, after the garbage is incinerated, a large amount of slag is generated, and the incineration slag is rich in a large amount of heavy metal elements and has high pollution and toxicity. Japanese scientists solidify the heavy metal ions by adding an organic chelating agent solution to the incinerator slag to effect complexation of the organic chelating agent with the heavy metal ions. However, this technique is difficult to implement in china, mainly for two reasons: 1) A large amount of water resources are consumed; 2) As time is prolonged, the curing effect of the chelating agent is weakened, and secondary heavy metal leakage is easily caused; 3) The Chinese waste incinerator slag contains more free calcium oxide, and water is added to the slag to be easily solidified, so that the operability is not strong; 4) The curing treatment strength is low, the operation is complex, a large amount of active adhesive needs to be added, the resource utilization cost is high, and the secondary utilization is greatly limited.
Therefore, the method has important significance in exploring a novel process and a novel method for resource utilization of the bulk waste incineration ash which are simple, environment-friendly and low in cost and can be popularized and used in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of treatment and reutilization of the existing household garbage incinerator slag, the invention provides the baking-free brick and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
6-8 parts of waste incineration slag, 2-4 parts of admixture and 3-5 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of CaO and 15-20% of SiO 2 6-8% of Fe 2 O 3 And 3-5% of Al 2 O 3 The balance of heavy metals and other components commonly found in waste incineration slag.
The admixture is at least one of metakaolin, rice hull ash and volcanic ash;
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-34% of liquid sodium silicate, 6-7% of NaOH and the balance of water.
Compared with the activity of the waste incineration fly ash, the activity of the waste incineration slag is very low, the content of pollutants such as heavy metals of the waste incineration slag which are difficult to degrade is high, effective secondary utilization is difficult to realize, and secondary pollution is easy to generate by the secondary utilization. The baking-free brick provided by the invention takes the waste incineration slag as a main raw material, and a small amount of metakaolin, rice hull ash or volcanic ash and an alkali activator with specific components are added, so that a large amount of Si and Ca elements in the waste incineration slag can be leached, the activity of the waste incineration slag is activated, and the alkali activator is addedThe waste incineration slag system added with metakaolin, rice hull ash or volcanic ash quickly forms a gelled system. The slag which does not participate in the reaction in the gelling system forms a core body, and the slag leaching elements, the admixture and the alkali-activator which participate in the reaction form a geopolymer product layer which surrounds the core body after the reaction, namely a shell film which surrounds the core body and has special properties and a layer-connecting structure is formed, and the shell film is in a loose state after being formed. When the gel system is added into A certain mould and pressed by A certain mechanical pressing method, geopolymer product layers in A loose state in the gel system are instantaneously stacked and extruded to form A special protective layer (N-A-S-H gel layer) wrapping A slag core body, and the protective layer can effectively prevent leaching of heavy metals (Cu, zn, pb, ni and the like) and other pollutants in the slag and water molecules and H in the external environment after being maintained and dried + 、OH - The permanent sealing of the heavy metal is realized. Meanwhile, the baking-free brick formed by mechanically extruding and curing the gel system has higher compressive strength, can meet the use requirements of part of the building field, realizes the high-efficiency resource utilization of the waste incineration slag, and effectively avoids the occurrence of secondary pollution.
Preferably, the cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by weight:
7 parts of waste incinerator slag, 3 parts of admixture and 4 parts of alkali activator.
The combination of the components of the preferred baking-free brick can further improve the use strength of the baking-free brick and the isolation strength of the baking-free brick against internal pollutants.
Preferably, the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.1-3.3.
The liquid sodium silicate under the modulus has specific viscosity, the rapid formation of a gel system can be ensured under the viscosity, the non-uniform distribution of the waste incineration slag caused by the too rapid formation of the gel system can be avoided, and the integral strength of the baking-free brick is ensured.
Preferably, the alkali-activator comprises, by mass: 32% liquid sodium silicate, 6.5% NaOH and the balance water.
The preferable composition of the alkali activator can ensure that the compressive strength of the baking-free brick is further improved under the condition of extremely low water-cement ratio.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the baking-free brick. The preparation method at least comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with an admixture and an alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould for compression molding to obtain a molded test block;
c. and curing the formed test block to obtain the baking-free brick.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick provided by the invention is simple to operate, does not need special equipment, can be completed by common brick making equipment, is short in time consumption, high in efficiency and low in cost, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Preferably, in the step a, the particle size of the ground waste incinerator slag is less than or equal to 75 μm.
The precipitation of elements such as Si, ca and the like in the waste incineration slag with the particle size can be further improved, and after the waste incineration slag with the particle size is added, the core-shell structure formed by the geopolymer product layer has higher capability of isolating a core body from the outside.
Preferably, in step b, the pressing method is as follows: maintaining the pressure for 25-35s under 10-15 KN.
Under the mechanical pressing conditions, the voids among substances inside the test block are not only reduced due to simple physical extrusion, but also changed in molecular order, so that the baking-free brick achieves unexpected compressive strength and density.
Preferably, in step c, the curing method comprises: and (3) maintaining the semi-dry module at 55-65 ℃ for 10-18h.
The curing method is suitable for curing the baking-free bricks in the application, and is simple in time period and operation and low in cost, and the curing effect of the baking-free bricks is not influenced.
Preferably, the curing process is sealed and cured in an oven.
The baking-free brick is sealed and maintained at constant temperature in the baking oven, so that the stable hardening process of the baking-free brick can be ensured, and the comprehensive use strength of the baking-free brick is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a core-shell structure formed by unreacted waste incineration slag and an external geopolymer product in the compacting process in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Example 1
A baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
6 parts of waste incineration slag, 2 parts of metakaolin and 3 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45.3 percent of CaO and 15 percent of SiO 2 6.8% Fe 2 O 3 And 3.1% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a Heavy metal elements contained in the waste incineration slag include Cu (1586 ppm), zn (8460 ppm), pb (1450 ppm) and Cr (950 ppm);
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of liquid sodium silicate, 6% of NaOH and the balance of water; wherein the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.1.
The preparation method of the baking-free brick comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag to the particle size of less than or equal to 75 mu m, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with the metakaolin and the alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould, and maintaining the pressure for 35s under 10KN to obtain a formed test block; wherein, the schematic diagram of the core-shell structure formed by the unreacted waste incineration slag and the external system in the pressing process is shown in fig. 1, and the geopolymer product layer is formed by metakaolin, an alkali activator and partial slag participating in the reaction;
c. and (3) placing the semi-dry module in an oven at 55 ℃ for curing for 18h to obtain the baking-free brick.
Example 2
A baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
7 parts of waste incinerator slag, 3 parts of rice hull ash and 4 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 47.3 percent of CaO and 16.6 percent of SiO 2 7.4% Fe 2 O 3 And 4.2% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a Heavy metal elements contained in the waste incineration slag include Cu (1588 ppm), zn (8544 ppm), pb (1670 ppm) and Cr (1010 ppm);
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% of liquid sodium silicate, 6.5% of NaOH and the balance of water; wherein the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.2.
The preparation method of the baking-free brick comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag to the particle size of less than or equal to 75 mu m, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with the rice hull ash and the alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould, and maintaining the pressure for 30s under 12KN to obtain a formed test block;
c. and (3) placing the semi-dry module in an oven at 60 ℃ for curing for 12h to obtain the baking-free brick.
Example 3
A baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
8 parts of waste incineration slag, 4 parts of volcanic ash and 5 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.9% of CaO and 20% of SiO 2 8% of Fe 2 O 3 And 4.8% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a Heavy metal elements contained in the waste incineration slag include Cu (1662 ppm), zn (8820 ppm), pb (1433 ppm) and Cr (960 ppm);
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34% of liquid sodium silicate, 7% of NaOH and the balance of water; wherein the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.3.
The preparation method of the baking-free brick comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag until the particle size is less than or equal to 75 mu m, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with the volcanic ash and the alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould, and maintaining the pressure for 25s under 15KN to obtain a formed test block;
c. and (3) placing the semi-dry module in an oven at 65 ℃ for curing for 10 hours to obtain the baking-free brick.
Comparative example 1
A baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
6 parts of waste incineration slag, 2 parts of metakaolin and 3 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45.3 percent of CaO and 15 percent of SiO 2 6.8% Fe 2 O 3 And 3.1% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a Heavy metal elements contained in the waste incineration slag include Cu (1586 ppm), zn (8460 ppm), pb (1450 ppm) and Cr (950 ppm);
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of liquid sodium silicate, 6% of NaOH and the balance of water; wherein the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.1.
The preparation method of the baking-free brick comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag to the particle size of less than or equal to 75 mu m, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag with the metakaolin and the alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould for compression molding to obtain a semi-dry module; the specific pressing method comprises the following steps: pressing at 30KN for 30s;
c. and (3) placing the semi-dry module in an oven at 55 ℃ for curing for 18h to obtain the baking-free brick.
Comparative example 2
The metakaolin of example 1 was replaced with an equal amount of iron ore tailings, and the other raw material components and preparation method were the same as those of example 1, to obtain a baking-free brick.
Comparative example 3
The same amount of sodium hydroxide solution having the same pH as that of the alkali activator in example 1 was used in place of the alkali activator in example 1, and the other raw material components and the preparation method were the same as in example 1, to obtain a baking-free brick.
The properties of the baking-free bricks obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were examined. The baking-free brick sample blocks cured in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2 are taken out, and the heavy metal ion leaching performance of the sample is tested according to the HJ/T300-2007 standard, so as to evaluate the heavy metal curing effect of the sample block. And the compression strength and the density of the sample block are detected. The final test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the detection data in Table 1, the compressive strength of the baking-free brick sample provided by the application can reach 41MPa, and the strength is superior to the specified value of the national standard (JC 446-2000) of concrete pavement bricks. The baking-free brick has extremely high effect of simultaneously inhibiting leaching of various heavy metals, and particularly the inhibition rate of Pb reaches 100%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a cement-free waste incinerator slag-based baking-free brick is characterized by comprising the following steps: at least comprises the following steps:
a. grinding the waste incinerator slag, and uniformly mixing the ground waste incinerator slag, the admixture and the alkali activator to obtain a semi-dry material;
b. adding the semi-dry material into a mould for compression molding to obtain a molded test block;
c. curing the formed test block to obtain the baking-free brick;
in the step b, the pressing method comprises the following steps: maintaining the pressure for 25-35s under 10-15 KN;
in the step c, the curing method comprises the following steps: placing the semi-dry module at 55-65 ℃ and maintaining for 10-18h;
the baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
6-8 parts of waste incineration slag, 2-4 parts of admixture and 3-5 parts of alkali activator;
the waste incineration slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of CaO and 15-20% of SiO 2 6-8% of Fe 2 O 3 And 3-5% of Al 2 O 3 ；
The admixture is at least one of metakaolin, rice hull ash and volcanic ash;
the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-34% of liquid sodium silicate, 6-7% of NaOH and the balance of water, wherein the modulus of the liquid sodium silicate is 3.1-3.3.
2. The method for preparing a cement-free waste incineration slag-based baking-free brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the baking-free brick comprises the following components in parts by mass:
7 parts of waste incinerator slag, 3 parts of admixture and 4 parts of alkali activator.
3. The method of making a cement-free, waste-incinerator slag-based, baking-free brick as claimed in any one of claims 1~2, wherein: the alkali activator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% liquid sodium silicate, 6.5% NaOH and the balance water.
4. The method for preparing a cement-free waste incineration slag-based baking-free brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the particle size of the ground waste incinerator slag is less than or equal to 75 microns.
5. The method for preparing a cement-free waste incineration slag-based baking-free brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the curing process is sealed and cured in an oven.
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| CN113831037A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-24 | 深圳大学 | Cementing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113929424A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-14 | 中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司 | In-situ resource utilization method for waste incineration ash and fly ash |
| CN115385620A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-25 | 华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司 | Method for using waste incineration bottom slag for grouting material |
| CN116425560A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-14 | 上海第二工业大学 | Environment-friendly autoclaved aerated concrete utilizing water-washed waste incineration fly ash and rice hull ash and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2005060189A (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-10 | Kimio Fukuzawa | Setting material and production method of hardened product using the same |
| CN109400016A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-01 | 盐城工学院 | Geo-polymer porous insulation material and preparation method thereof based on burning city domestic garbage bottom ash |
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| JP2005060189A (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-10 | Kimio Fukuzawa | Setting material and production method of hardened product using the same |
| CN109400016A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-01 | 盐城工学院 | Geo-polymer porous insulation material and preparation method thereof based on burning city domestic garbage bottom ash |
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