CN117084219A - Method for breeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse - Google Patents
Method for breeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse Download PDFInfo
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- CN117084219A CN117084219A CN202311171818.5A CN202311171818A CN117084219A CN 117084219 A CN117084219 A CN 117084219A CN 202311171818 A CN202311171818 A CN 202311171818A CN 117084219 A CN117084219 A CN 117084219A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which has the advantages of high resource utilization degree and obvious harmless effect. Specifically, the invention carries out biological treatment on the kitchen waste vinasse by raising the yellow meal worm larvae, and the yellow meal worm grows in a dry environment in the whole period, so that the available larva bodies, worm manure and the like can be conveniently screened and collected, and the full utilization of the nutritional ingredients in the kitchen waste vinasse is realized; the biological safety of the yellow meal worm cultivation is high, and insects cannot escape; meanwhile, in the feeding process, the kitchen waste vinasse is dried and then added as feed, so that the storage is convenient, and no waste water is generated in the whole breeding process; meanwhile, when the feeding period is finished, the mature larvae can be screened and harvested to serve as the cultivation products, the worm manure is fully recovered, and no redundant solid residues are discharged, so that the whole process of no odor, sewage and solid waste discharge is realized, and the harmless process of zero discharge is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse.
Background
Kitchen waste refers to leftovers which are left and abandoned by people in dining places such as restaurants, unit collective canteen, school canteen and the like, has huge quantity and occupies very large specific gravity in urban household garbage. Because of high water content and rich nutrition, the product is easy to be spoiled, malodor is emitted, bacteria and viruses are transmitted, and serious environmental pollution is caused. In recent years, with diversification of technological means, a new comprehensive utilization process (a recycling, harmless and reduction kitchen waste treatment process ZL 201410210556.3) for producing alcohol by using kitchen waste has appeared. The novel process has outstanding recycling characteristics, high fermentation speed, high oil recovery rate and environmental friendliness, and the industrialization implementation is successfully realized at present. The kitchen waste vinasse is a fermentation byproduct of the process, and is solid residue left after the kitchen waste is subjected to alcoholic fermentation. The feed is rich in nutrients such as yeast cells, proteins, cellulose, fat, inorganic salts and the like, but lacks free sugar, has certain difficulty in recycling high-value utilization, and is usually used as a raw material of feed or organic fertilizer.
The method for cultivating insects by utilizing organic wastes is a promising technique for producing animal proteins and grease. For example, the current common method for culturing hermetia illucens by using kitchen waste can change waste into valuable, and change dirty and odorous kitchen waste into insect proteins and grease. However, some disadvantages still exist in the hermetia illucens cultivation: if the black soldier flies are in a moist environment, the black soldier flies inevitably decay gradually along with the cultivation process when being cultivated by using kitchen wastes, and bad environmental influences are caused by breeding germs, parasites and mosquitoes and flies; meanwhile, as the breeding materials are in a wet mud shape, the black soldier fly larvae cannot be screened in the mud-shaped materials usually, and the larvae are difficult to separate out in the mature larva stage with the highest nutritive value, and can only be collected when pupation is achieved, so that the nutritive value is lost; in addition, as the culture environment is moist, kitchen waste is used as a culture material, the phenomenon similar to garbage leachate is easy to occur in the culture process, sewage with higher COD is generated, special treatment is needed, and the culture cost and secondary environmental hazard are greatly increased; in addition, the adult hermetia illucens has flight capability, acts agilely, is easy to escape, has germs on the body, and has biosafety risk.
Therefore, a new method for breeding insects by using the kitchen waste vinasse is necessary to be developed, so that the utilization value of the kitchen waste vinasse can be improved, and the defect in black soldier fly breeding can be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a method for breeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which has high recycling degree and obvious harmless effect.
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment, and the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are prepared in a proportion of 3:1 to 1:3, mixing the materials according to the proportion;
the kitchen waste vinasse is residues left by processing kitchen waste by adopting an alcohol fermentation process, and the crude protein content in the kitchen waste vinasse is not less than 35%;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, feeding the yellow meal worm larvae with the yellow meal worm feed according to the feed accounting for 60% -100% of the mass of the yellow meal worm larvae, and feeding green feed accounting for 5% -10% of the mass of the yellow meal worm larvae in a supplementary manner every day;
during the feeding period, screening out residual feed and insect manure respectively by using a screen mesh every 2-7 days, and adding the yellow meal worm feed in proportion;
after the yellow meal worm larvae are fed to enter the pre-pupation stage, separating the worm manure and the residual feed by using a screen, and harvesting the mature larvae in the pre-pupation stage.
In the technical scheme, the raising stage is from the young to the mature period of the yellow meal worm larva, and the yellow meal worm larva has extremely high nutritive value, and is known as a 'protein feed treasury' because of the high protein nutrient content of various living animal protein feeds; meanwhile, the yellow meal worm manure is a very good organic fertilizer, is widely used in the planting industry, is molt after the yellow meal worm larva falls down, is rich in chitin, is a useful raw material, and has recycling value. Therefore, the yellow meal worm larvae are used for biologically treating the kitchen waste vinasse, so that the nutritional ingredients in the kitchen waste vinasse can be completely converted into raw materials with use value, and the utilization degree of resources is greatly improved. Further, the whole period of the yellow mealworms grows in a dry environment, so that the larva bodies, the insect manure and the like which are required to be collected are easy to separate, and the larva bodies, the insect manure and the feed can be easily separated by adopting a screen with a specific aperture, so that the larva bodies, the insect manure and the like of the yellow mealworms can be separately collected, waste is avoided, the problem that water loving insects such as black soldier flies are difficult to separate from the feeding environment is solved, the screening and collecting operation is simple and convenient, the maximum conversion of nutrient components in the feed is realized, and the recycling degree is extremely high. Secondly, the raised yellow meal worms have high biological safety and cannot escape. In the process of treating kitchen waste by commonly raising and utilizing hermetia illucens, once the hermetia illucens is eclosion into adults during the cultivation period, the hermetia illucens has strong flying capability, is difficult to recover, has low nutritive value, and can possibly carry parasitic eggs, bacteria, viruses and the like to escape, so that biological safety risks appear in surrounding environments; the yellow meal worm raised in the technical scheme is an insect of the family Parasitaceae, the adults of the yellow meal worm cannot fly, the crawling speed is low, and even if the adults appear in the cultivation period, the adults cannot escape in the cultivation tray, and the biosafety risk cannot be formed.
Further, the kitchen waste vinasse used in the technical scheme refers to residues left by processing kitchen waste by adopting an alcohol fermentation process, the crude protein content in the kitchen waste vinasse is not less than 35%, the kitchen waste vinasse can be used as a high-quality protein source in insect feeds, but the nutrition structure in the independent kitchen waste vinasse is unbalanced, so that the growth of yellow meal worms is not facilitated, and a certain proportion of wheat bran is added for mixing, so that the yellow meal worm feed with balanced nutrition structure and better palatability is formed, the weight gain rate of the yellow meal worms in the feeding process is improved, and meanwhile, the death rate of the yellow meal worms is reduced. In addition, the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran serving as the flour weevil feed are fully dried, the moisture is reduced to below 15%, the flour weevil can be kept from spoilage within a few months, and the feeding period of the flour weevil is greatly prolonged, so that the cultivation environment is not influenced by spoilage in the process of feeding the flour weevil by using the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran as the feed, no odor is discharged, and meanwhile, the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are dried and can be stored for a long time, the usage amount can be adjusted according to the number of the fed flour weevil larvae, the waste and loss of raw materials are not caused, the feeding convenience is improved, and the utilization degree of nutrient components in the kitchen waste vinasse is further improved.
Furthermore, the yellow mealworms are not required to be raised in the environment with water like the black soldier fly larvae, so that no waste water is generated in the whole cultivation process; meanwhile, at the end of the feeding period, the mature larvae can be screened and harvested to serve as the breeding products, the worm manure is fully recovered, and no redundant solid residues are discharged, so that the whole process has no odor, sewage and solid waste discharge, and a harmless process of zero discharge is realized.
Preferably, in order to make the kitchen waste distillers grains suitable for culturing yellow meal worm larvae, the kitchen waste distillers grains are made to be: the crude protein content is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%.
Further, in the step S2, the yellow meal worm larvae are raised in an environment with the room temperature of 23-29 ℃ and the air humidity of 56-74%; and the cultivation density of the yellow meal worm larvae is 4000-6000 g larvae per square meter.
Further, in the step S1, after the drying treatment, the particle size of the yellow meal worm feed is 0.5-1.7 mm;
in the step S2, the body length of the yellow meal worm larva is not less than 2mm; the body length of the mature larva is not less than 25mm, and the average daily gain rate of the larva is less than 1%.
Preferably, during the feeding period, residual feed is screened out by a 8-12 mesh screen, and the excrement is removed by a 30-40 mesh screen; preferably, screening the larvae, the residual feed and the worm manure by using a screen cover, wherein when the screen cover is arranged, the 8-12 mesh screen is arranged on the upper part, the 30-40 mesh screen is arranged on the lower part, the contents in the culture tray are put into the screen cover from top to bottom for screening, finally, the larvae of the yellow meal worm are on the 8-12 mesh screen, the residual feed is on the 30-40 mesh screen, and the worm manure is on the 30-40 mesh screen, so that the larvae, the residual feed and the worm manure of the yellow meal worm can be separated and collected respectively.
Further, in step S1, the kitchen waste distillers grains and the wheat bran are dried respectively until the water content is 10% -15%.
Preferably, in step S1, the drying method adopted by the drying treatment is one or more of drum drying, blade drying and air flow drying.
Further, in the step S2, the green feed is fresh stem leaves of plants with dry surfaces and no pesticide residue; can be various fresh green vegetables, fruit peels and the like which are suitable for being used as insect feeds. According to the technical scheme, the adopted yellow meal worm feed is dried kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran, and the green feed is added every day, so that the yellow meal worm larva can be helped to supplement water and other micro-nutrients, the weight gain rate of the yellow meal worm in the feeding process is improved, and meanwhile, the death rate of the yellow meal worm is reduced.
Further, in step S2, the method further includes collecting and storing the insect manure, collecting the insect manure screened by the screen, drying the insect manure, and storing the dried insect manure.
Preferably, when long-term storage is required, the stored worm manure needs to be dried to a water content of less than 12%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the yellow meal worm larva is used for carrying out biological treatment on the kitchen waste vinasse, the feeding stage is from the juvenile stage to the mature stage of the yellow meal worm larva, the yellow meal worm larva body has extremely high nutritional value, the yellow meal worm manure is a very good organic fertilizer, the yellow meal worm larva is used for carrying out biological treatment on the kitchen waste vinasse, the nutritional ingredients in the kitchen waste vinasse can be completely converted into raw materials with use values, and the utilization degree of resources is greatly improved.
2. The whole period of the yellow meal worm grows in a dry environment, so that larva bodies, worm manure and the like which need to be collected are easy to separate, the larva bodies, the worm manure and the feed can be easily separated by adopting a screen with a specific aperture, the larva bodies, the worm manure and the like of the yellow meal worm can be singly collected, waste is avoided, the screening and collecting operation is simple and convenient, the maximum conversion of nutrient components in the feed is realized, and the recycling utilization degree is extremely high.
3. The raised yellow meal worms have high biological safety, cannot escape, cannot carry parasitic eggs, bacteria, viruses and the like to escape, and cause biological safety risks in surrounding environments.
4. The kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran serving as the yellow meal worm feed are fully dried, can be stored for a long time, and the usage amount can be adjusted according to the number of the fed yellow meal worm larvae, so that the waste and loss of raw materials are avoided, the feeding convenience is improved, and the utilization degree of the nutrient components in the kitchen waste vinasse is further improved.
5. The cultivation environment is kept dry, so that no wastewater is generated in the whole cultivation process; meanwhile, at the end of the feeding period, the mature larvae can be screened and harvested to serve as the breeding products, the worm manure is fully recovered, and no redundant solid residues are discharged, so that the whole process has no odor, sewage and solid waste discharge, and a harmless process of zero discharge is realized.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises dried kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran, the kitchen waste vinasse is a byproduct generated in the alcohol fermentation treatment process of the kitchen waste, the process principle is that nutritional ingredients such as starch, polysaccharide, protein and the like in the kitchen waste are utilized and converted through yeast fermentation to generate fermentation products such as alcohol, grease and the like, about 3% of solid fermentation residues remain after fermentation is finished, the fermentation residues are brown mud, are in brown yellow powder after being dried, and the main components are organic matters such as yeast, grease and plant fibers and the like which remain after the kitchen waste is subjected to alcohol fermentation.
The kitchen garbage vinasse adopted in the embodiment is taken from Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology limited company, and the crude protein content in the kitchen garbage vinasse is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%;
fully drying the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran until the water content is not more than 15%, wherein the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are mixed with 1:3, mixing the materials according to the proportion to form a yellow meal worm feed;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, weighing 100g of yellow meal worm larvae with the proper age of 15mm in length, respectively adding 50g of the yellow meal worm feed obtained by mixing in the step S1, supplementing 5g of cabbage every 24 hours as green feed, and observing the growth condition of the worm bodies;
the related data are measured every 48 hours, the residual feed and the insect bodies are screened by a 10-mesh screen and a 30-mesh screen respectively, the yellow meal worm larva bodies are reserved on the 10-mesh screen, the residual feed is reserved between the 10-mesh screen and the 30-mesh screen, and the insect manure is leaked under the 30-mesh screen; after the dead insects are picked out, weighing the weights of the live insects, the dead insects and the residual feed respectively, and then replacing the new feed to continue feeding; and calculating indexes such as weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and death rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies.
Wherein, the weight gain rate of the yellow meal worm larva is calculated according to the formula A, the feed conversion ratio is calculated according to the formula B, and the death rate is calculated according to the formula C.
Example 2
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment;
the kitchen garbage vinasse adopted in the embodiment is purchased from Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology limited company, and the crude protein content in the kitchen garbage vinasse is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%;
fully drying the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran until the water content is not more than 15%, wherein the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are mixed with 2:2, mixing the materials according to the proportion to form a yellow meal worm feed;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, weighing 100g of yellow meal worm larvae with the proper age of 15mm in length, respectively adding 50g of the yellow meal worm feed obtained by mixing in the step S1, supplementing 5g of cabbage every 24 hours as green feed, and observing the growth condition of the worm bodies;
the related data are measured every 48 hours, the residual feed and the insect bodies are screened by a 10-mesh screen and a 30-mesh screen respectively, the yellow meal worm larva bodies are reserved on the 10-mesh screen, the residual feed is reserved between the 10-mesh screen and the 30-mesh screen, and the insect manure is leaked under the 30-mesh screen; after the dead insects are picked out, weighing the weights of the live insects, the dead insects and the residual feed respectively, and then replacing the new feed to continue feeding; and calculating indexes such as weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and death rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies.
Example 3
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment;
the kitchen garbage vinasse adopted in the embodiment is purchased from Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology limited company, and the crude protein content in the kitchen garbage vinasse is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%;
fully drying the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran until the water content is not more than 15%, wherein the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are mixed with 3:1 to form yellow meal worm feed;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, weighing 100g of yellow meal worm larvae with the proper age of 15mm in length, respectively adding 50g of the yellow meal worm feed obtained by mixing in the step S1, supplementing 5g of cabbage every 24 hours as green feed, and observing the growth condition of the worm bodies;
the related data are measured every 48 hours, the residual feed and the insect bodies are screened by a 10-mesh screen and a 30-mesh screen respectively, the yellow meal worm larva bodies are reserved on the 10-mesh screen, the residual feed is reserved between the 10-mesh screen and the 30-mesh screen, and the insect manure is leaked under the 30-mesh screen; after the dead insects are picked out, weighing the weights of the live insects, the dead insects and the residual feed respectively, and then replacing the new feed to continue feeding; and calculating indexes such as weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and death rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies.
Comparative example 1
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment;
the kitchen garbage vinasse adopted in the embodiment is purchased from Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology limited company, and the crude protein content in the kitchen garbage vinasse is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%;
fully drying the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran until the water content is not more than 15%, wherein the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are mixed with 0:4, mixing the materials according to the proportion to form a yellow meal worm feed;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, weighing 100g of yellow meal worm larvae with the proper age of 15mm in length, respectively adding 50g of the yellow meal worm feed obtained by mixing in the step S1, supplementing 5g of cabbage every 24 hours as green feed, and observing the growth condition of the worm bodies;
the related data are measured every 48 hours, the residual feed and the insect bodies are screened by a 10-mesh screen and a 30-mesh screen respectively, the yellow meal worm larva bodies are reserved on the 10-mesh screen, the residual feed is reserved between the 10-mesh screen and the 30-mesh screen, and the insect manure is leaked under the 30-mesh screen; after the dead insects are picked out, weighing the weights of the live insects, the dead insects and the residual feed respectively, and then replacing the new feed to continue feeding; and calculating indexes such as weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and death rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies.
Comparative example 2
The technical scheme provides a method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment;
the kitchen garbage vinasse adopted in the embodiment is purchased from Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology limited company, and the crude protein content in the kitchen garbage vinasse is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%;
fully drying the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran until the water content is not more than 15%, wherein the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are mixed with 4:0 to form yellow meal worm feed;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, weighing 100g of yellow meal worm larvae with the proper age of 15mm in length, respectively adding 50g of the yellow meal worm feed obtained by mixing in the step S1, supplementing 5g of cabbage every 24 hours as green feed, and observing the growth condition of the worm bodies;
the related data are measured every 48 hours, the residual feed and the insect bodies are screened by a 10-mesh screen and a 30-mesh screen respectively, the yellow meal worm larva bodies are reserved on the 10-mesh screen, the residual feed is reserved between the 10-mesh screen and the 30-mesh screen, and the insect manure is leaked under the 30-mesh screen; after the dead insects are picked out, weighing the weights of the live insects, the dead insects and the residual feed respectively, and then replacing the new feed to continue feeding; and calculating indexes such as weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and death rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies.
The results of calculating the weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and the like of the yellow meal worm larva bodies in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in the following table, and the comprehensive comparison shows that the feeding effect of the yellow meal worm larva in examples 1 and 2 is optimal, namely, the kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran are mixed according to the following ratio of 1: 3-1: 1, the feeding effect is optimal, and the highest daily gain rate of the insects, the lowest feed conversion ratio and the lowest death rate are obtained; meanwhile, in the embodiment 3, the ratio of the kitchen garbage lees to the wheat bran is 3: the feeding effect at 1 is also better than that of comparative example 1 (pure wheat bran group) and comparative example 2 (pure distillers' grains group); in the embodiment 3, the ratio of the kitchen waste vinasse to the wheat bran is 3: at 1, the daily gain rate of the yellow meal worm larva bodies is close to that of the comparison example 1 (pure wheat bran group), but the feed conversion ratio and the daily death rate are better than those of the comparison example 1 (pure wheat bran group); in contrast, comparative example 2 (pure distillers 'grains group) is most likely to be the worst in daily gain, feed-meat ratio and mortality due to unbalanced nutrition caused by too high protein content and too low total sugar content when only distillers' grains from kitchen waste are used as feed.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example was a measurement of the main component of the kitchen waste distillers grains and a comparison with the main component of the conventional corn distillers grains and the conventional white spirit distillers grains, and the kitchen waste distillers grains used in the comparative example were the same as those used in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2.
The kitchen garbage lees adopted in the experiment are provided by Sichuan Lixing dragon environmental protection technology Co., ltd, and are independently sampled in three batches. The sample is a byproduct generated by the company in the process of alcohol fermentation treatment of kitchen waste, and the process principle is that nutritional ingredients such as starch, polysaccharide, protein and the like in the kitchen waste are utilized and converted through yeast fermentation to generate fermentation products such as alcohol, grease and the like, and about 3% of solid fermentation residues can be left after fermentation is completed. The fermentation residue is brown mud, is in brown yellow powder after being dried, and mainly comprises organic matters such as yeast, grease, plant fiber and the like which are remained after the kitchen waste is subjected to alcoholic fermentation.
The main components of the kitchen waste vinasse, common commercial corn alcohol vinasse and traditional white spirit vinasse, such as starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash and the like are compared and measured. Wherein, the starch content is measured by a method of national standard 'measuring starch content in feed of GB/T20194-2006'; the crude protein content is measured by adopting a Ke's nitrogen determination method for measuring crude protein in national standard GB/T6432-2018 feed; the content of the crude fat is measured by adopting national standard GB/T6433-2006 determination of crude fat in feed; the content of the crude fiber is measured by a method of measuring the content of the crude fiber in GB/T6434-2022 feed; the coarse ash content is measured by a method of measuring coarse ash in GB/T6438-2007 feed. The measurement results are shown in the following table.
According to measurement, the main components of the kitchen waste vinasse are greatly different from the main components of the corn alcohol vinasse and the traditional white spirit vinasse, and the kitchen waste vinasse has specificity. The kitchen garbage vinasse contains almost no starch, but contains very rich crude protein, is not suitable for being used as an energy feed for insect cultivation, but is a very difficult-to-obtain high-protein raw material, and is suitable for being used as a protein feed required by insects.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is the measurement and comparison of nutritional ingredients of flour weevil fed by the optimal blending group and pure wheat bran respectively when the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are in the optimal ratio (the ratio of the kitchen waste vinasse to the wheat bran is 1:1).
In order to further reveal the advantages of using the kitchen waste vinasse as a feed for feeding the yellow meal worms, the present comparative example performs the content measurement of sugar, protein and fat on the yellow meal worms fed by the two methods of the kitchen waste vinasse optimal proportioning group (example 2) and the pure wheat bran group (comparative example 1), and the measurement method refers to the measurement method of the content of the kitchen waste vinasse in comparative example 3.
The measurement results are shown in the following table, the total sugar content of the yellow meal worm bodies fed by the method in the optimal proportion group (example 2) of the kitchen waste vinasse is 10.01+/-0.29%, the crude protein content is 48.27 +/-0.86%, and the crude fat content is 18.86+/-0.55%; the total sugar content of the yellow meal worm bodies fed by using the pure wheat bran is 10.03+/-0.33%, the crude protein content is 32.00+/-0.73%, and the crude fat content is 13.06+/-0.41%.
In general, the common biological macromolecules in the yellow meal worm bodies have obvious differences, the total nutrient content of the yellow meal worm fed by the method in the optimal proportion group (example 2) of the kitchen waste vinasse is up to 77.14+/-1.70 percent, which is higher than that of the yellow meal worm 55.09 +/-1.47 percent fed by the method in the pure wheat bran group (comparative example 1), which shows that the proper addition of the kitchen waste vinasse can play a great role in promoting the growth and development of the yellow meal worm and the accumulation of the nutrient substances, not only can improve the yield of the yellow meal worm, but also can greatly improve the nutritive value of the yellow meal worm, and the apparent to inherent comprehensiveness of feeding the yellow meal worm by using the kitchen waste vinasse is reflected.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for feeding yellow meal worms by using kitchen waste vinasse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a yellow meal worm feed, wherein the yellow meal worm feed comprises kitchen waste vinasse and wheat bran which are subjected to drying treatment, and the kitchen waste vinasse and the wheat bran are prepared in a proportion of 3:1 to 1:3, mixing the materials according to the proportion;
the kitchen waste vinasse is residues left by processing kitchen waste by adopting an alcohol fermentation process, and the crude protein content in the kitchen waste vinasse is not less than 35%;
s2, culturing the yellow meal worm larvae, feeding the yellow meal worm larvae with the yellow meal worm feed according to the feed accounting for 60% -100% of the mass of the yellow meal worm larvae, and feeding green feed accounting for 5% -10% of the mass of the yellow meal worm larvae in a supplementary manner every day;
during the feeding period, screening out residual feed and insect manure respectively by using a screen mesh every 2-7 days, and adding the yellow meal worm feed in proportion;
after the yellow meal worm larvae are fed to enter the pre-pupation stage, separating the worm manure and the residual feed by using a screen, and harvesting the mature larvae in the pre-pupation stage.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the kitchen waste stillage: the crude protein content is not less than 35%, the crude fiber content is not more than 10%, the crude ash content is not more than 10%, the crude fat content is not less than 5%, the starch content is not more than 1%, and the salt content is not more than 1.5%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the yellow meal worm larvae are raised in an environment with a room temperature of 23-29 ℃ and an air humidity of 56% -74%; and the cultivation density of the yellow meal worm larvae is 4000-6000 g larvae per square meter.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the particle size of the flour weevil feed after the drying treatment is 0.5-1.7 mm;
in the step S2, the body length of the yellow meal worm larva is not less than 2mm; the body length of the mature larva is not less than 25mm, and the average daily gain rate of the larva is less than 1%.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein during the feeding period, the residual feed is removed by using an 8-12 mesh sieve, and the excrement is removed by using a 30-40 mesh sieve.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S1, the distillers grains with kitchen waste and the wheat bran are dried to a moisture content of 10% to 15%, respectively.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S1, the drying process is performed by one or more of drum drying, paddle drying, and air flow drying.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S2 the green feed is fresh stem leaves of a surface-dried, pesticide-residue-free plant.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising collecting and storing the worm manure, collecting the worm manure screened by the screen, and storing the worm manure after drying the worm manure in step S2.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the stored manure is baked to a moisture content of less than 12%.
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