CN117084133A - Seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting - Google Patents
Seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN117084133A CN117084133A CN202310982479.2A CN202310982479A CN117084133A CN 117084133 A CN117084133 A CN 117084133A CN 202310982479 A CN202310982479 A CN 202310982479A CN 117084133 A CN117084133 A CN 117084133A
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
- A01C11/025—Transplanting machines using seedling trays; Devices for removing the seedlings from the trays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting of melons, which comprises the steps of adding hot water into melon seeds for soaking and stirring, then removing warm water, soaking the melon seeds after the hot water is removed in a germination accelerating agent, fishing out the melon seeds, and airing for later use; uniformly mixing and stirring the fermented mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide, and filling the obtained melon seedling substrate into seedling trays for later use; supplementing water in melon seedling culture matrix, and sowing; after seeding, covering a layer of plastic film above the seedling raising hole tray, culturing melon seedlings, mechanically transplanting and planting melon seedlings in a field when the melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, arranging transplanted seedlings, removing weak seedlings and deformed seedlings, and timely performing field planting management. The invention can ensure uniform growth vigor and uniformity of melon seedlings, is suitable for mechanized transplanting, can improve the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings, and is convenient for later field planting management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting of melons.
Background
Melon is one of common fruits in summer, has sweet and delicious pulp, is rich in nutrients, contains various nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and the like and antioxidant substances, and has good health care effects of enhancing immunity, resisting aging and the like. Melon occupies an important position in the production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in China, and is one of important fruits in China. The cultivation period is short, the cultivation management is simple, the distribution is very wide, and the method has high economic value. In recent years, the melon industry in China rapidly develops, but the aging problem of rural population is aggravated, so that the labor price is continuously increased in the melon production process, particularly the manual investment is too high in the melon seedling transplanting process, so that the melon industry planting cost is continuously increased, the whole melon planting production process is promoted to be required to be improved in a mechanized level, the manual investment cost is reduced, the production efficiency and the production ratio are further improved, and the sustainable development of the industry is ensured.
In crop cultivation, seedling transplanting is a necessary measure for reasonably adjusting crop rotation, saving resources and time and realizing early maturing and high yield. The traditional manual transplanting needs to be transplanted with soil in the operation process, so that the root systems of the crop seedlings are extremely easily damaged, and pathogenic bacteria are easily transmitted. With the continuous development of the technical level of agricultural machinery, crop transplanting equipment starts to be developed and applied, so that the efficiency and quality of transplanting operation are improved, and the planting cost is reduced.
At present, melon and vegetable transplanting machines introduced in China have strict standards and requirements on seedling age, seedling root system development condition and root matrix looseness of transplanted seedlings in the actual operation process, and the situations of seedling damage, seedling leakage, seedling pouring and the like in the transplanting process are caused by mismatching of part of mechanical transplanting equipment and transplanting standards of different transplanted seedlings. Especially, when melon seedlings are mechanically transplanted, mechanical force is needed to be used for moving the melon seedlings out of the tray for seedling raising in the operation process of the mechanical transplanter, the situation that root soil clusters of melon transplanting seedlings are damaged and scattered easily occurs in the process, the melon seedlings are unstable in site after transplanting, meanwhile, the damage of functional capillary roots of the melon seedlings is easily caused, the influence on the seedling reviving and growth and development of the melon seedlings in the later stage is extremely large, and the survival rate and the later-stage yield of the melon transplanting seedlings are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting of muskmelon, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems of long seedling recovering time, low stability of a seedling root matrix group structure, high root soil group dispersion rate of transplanted seedlings and low survival rate of muskmelon seedlings existing in the seedling raising of muskmelon.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is realized by the following measures: the seedling raising method suitable for melon mechanized transplanting is carried out according to the following steps: .
First, seed treatment: soaking melon seeds in hot water, stirring, soaking seeds at a first constant temperature, removing the hot water, soaking the melon seeds with the hot water removed in a germination accelerating agent, soaking seeds for the second time, fishing out the melon seeds, and airing for later use;
secondly, preparing a seedling culture matrix: mixing and stirring the mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide which are fermented by the required amount uniformly to obtain a melon seedling substrate, and filling the melon seedling substrate into a seedling hole tray for later use;
third step, sowing: after supplementing the water content of the melon seedling culture medium, sowing in the melon seedling culture medium in a manual dibbling mode;
fourth, management: after sowing, covering a layer of plastic film above the seedling raising hole tray, culturing melon seedlings, and removing the plastic film when the melon seedlings arch the soil;
fifth, preparing for transplanting: when melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, mechanically transplanting and planting the melon seedlings in a field, arranging the transplanted seedlings, removing weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings, and performing field planting management in time.
The following are further optimizations and/or improvements to one of the above-described inventive solutions:
in the first step, the volume ratio of melon seeds to hot water is 1:3, the temperature of the hot water is 55-60 ℃, the temperature of the first constant-temperature seed soaking is 29-31 ℃, and the constant-temperature seed soaking time is 3-4 hours.
In the first step, the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 0.15mg brassinosteroid into 1 liter of water, wherein the temperature of the second seed soaking treatment is normal temperature, and the time of the second seed soaking treatment is 40-60 min.
In the second step, the volume ratio of mushroom residues to turf to vermiculite to perlite to chitosan oligosaccharide is 4:2:2:1.5:0.5, and the moisture content of the melon seedling substrate is 50-60%.
In the third step, the water content of the melon seedling substrate is supplemented to 65-70%, the depth of the melon seedling substrate is 1.0-1.5 cm during sowing, and 1-2 melon seeds are sown in each sowing hole.
In the fourth step, in the seed germination stage in the melon seedling culture process, the water content of the melon seedling culture matrix is 75-85%; the water percentage of melon seedling substrate is 65-70% from the stage of cotyledon unfolding to two-leaf one-heart stage; in the seedling stage, the pH value of the melon seedling substrate is 5.8 to 6.5.
In the melon seedling culture process, the temperature of the seedling culture environment is 25-32 ℃, after melon seedlings emerge, the nutrient solution is sprayed every 5 days for 3 times continuously, and the surface layer of the melon seedling culture matrix sprayed each time is moist.
The nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps: firstly, mixing 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer and clear water according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing and diluting in a proportion of 300-500 to obtain a compound fertilizer diluent; then potassium humate and clear water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1500 to obtain humic acid diluent; and finally, uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer diluent and the potassium humate diluent according to the volume ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain the nutrient solution.
In the nutrient solution sprayed for 3 times continuously, the weight ratio of the 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer to the clear water is 1:500, 1:400 and 1:300 in sequence.
In the fifth step, 5 to 7 days before mechanical transplanting and field planting, controlling water and fertilizer for the melon seedling culture substrate until the melon seedlings do not wilt, enhancing ventilation, light transmission and cooling, wherein in the mechanical transplanting and field planting, the plant height of the melon seedlings is 10cm to 12cm when the melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one core.
The invention can ensure uniform growth vigor and uniformity of melon seedlings, is suitable for mechanized transplanting, can improve the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings, and is convenient for later field planting management.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments can be determined according to the technical scheme and practical situations of the present invention. The various chemical reagents and chemical supplies mentioned in the invention are all commonly known and used in the prior art unless specified otherwise; the percentages in the invention are mass percentages unless specified otherwise; the solutions in the invention are aqueous solutions in which the solvent is water unless otherwise specified, for example, the hydrochloric acid solution is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution; the room temperature and the room temperature in the present invention generally refer to temperatures ranging from 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, and are generally defined as 25 ℃.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples:
example 1: the seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting is carried out according to the following steps:
first, seed treatment: soaking melon seeds in hot water, stirring, soaking seeds at a first constant temperature, removing the hot water, soaking the melon seeds with the hot water removed in a germination accelerating agent, soaking seeds for the second time, fishing out the melon seeds, and airing for later use;
secondly, preparing a seedling culture matrix: mixing and stirring the mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide which are fermented by the required amount uniformly to obtain a melon seedling substrate, and filling the melon seedling substrate into a seedling hole tray for later use;
third step, sowing: after supplementing the water content of the melon seedling culture medium, sowing in the melon seedling culture medium in a manual dibbling mode;
fourth, management: after sowing, covering a layer of plastic film above the seedling raising hole tray, culturing melon seedlings, and removing the plastic film when the melon seedlings arch the soil;
fifth, preparing for transplanting: when melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, mechanically transplanting and planting the melon seedlings in a field, arranging the transplanted seedlings, removing weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings, and performing field planting management in time.
According to the invention, the melon seeds are subjected to pretreatment before sowing, the seedling raising matrix is prepared, sowing and post-emergence management, and particularly the germination accelerating agent is adopted to carry out pretreatment on the seeds, so that the activity of the seeds is enhanced, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the germination time is shortened; meanwhile, seedling matrix components are optimized, the growth of seedlings is promoted, strong seedlings with developed root systems are easy to form, the seedling reviving time is shortened, the stability of the matrix group structure of the root of the seedlings is improved, the bulk rate is reduced, the transplanting effect is improved, and various requirements of field mechanized transplanting operation are met.
Example 2: as the optimization of the embodiment, in the first step, the volume ratio of the muskmelon seeds to the added hot water is 1:3, the temperature of the hot water is 55-60 ℃, the temperature of the first constant-temperature seed soaking is 29-31 ℃, and the constant-temperature seed soaking time is 3-4 hours.
Example 3: as the optimization of the embodiment, in the first step, the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 0.15mg brassinosteroid into 1 liter of water, the temperature of the second seed soaking treatment is normal temperature, and the time of the second seed soaking treatment is 40min to 60min.
According to the requirement, the germination accelerating agent is prepared from brassinosteroids with a certain concentration, wherein the brassinosteroids are plant growth promoters, and the brassinosteroids can promote plant cell growth, accelerate saccharide decomposition, promote water absorption of seeds and have an important regulation and control effect on the extension of hypocotyls and radicles of the seeds. The brassinosteroids are used in the germination accelerating process of melon seeds, so that dormancy of the melon seeds can be broken rapidly, seed germination is promoted, and germination rate and germination speed are improved.
Example 4: as optimization of the above embodiment, in the second step, the volume ratio of mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide is 4:2:2:1.5:0.5, and the moisture percentage of the melon seedling substrate is 50% to 60%.
According to the requirements, the melon seedling raising matrix provided by the invention consists of fermented mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide, and through reasonable collocation of the components, sufficient nutrients can be provided for melon seedlings, so that the melon seedlings can grow fast and plants are strong. Wherein the mushroom residue after microbial fermentation treatment is rich in organic matters, mycoprotein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient substances, can be used as a seedling raising formula material, can improve physical and chemical properties of a substrate, and has low production cost; the chitosan oligosaccharide can change the flora of seedling raising soil, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, induce and improve the disease resistance of tomato seedlings, has the effects of immunizing and killing various fungi, bacteria and viruses, has good control effect on common diseases of melons, and can promote the growth of plants; through mutual cooperation of all components in seedling raising soil, the incidence rate of melon seedlings can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of melon seedlings is further improved.
According to the melon seedling raising substrate material and the mixture ratio, proper porosity of the substrate, good air permeability and difficult hardening of the surface layer can be ensured, so that the root system of the seedling is easy to penetrate through the substrate, and is interwoven with the substrate to form a root soil structure with firmness, stability and mechanical strength, the seedling raising substrate material and the mixture ratio can ensure that the transplanting operation is difficult to loose, the seedling recovering time after the transplanting is shortened, and the seedling raising substrate material can be more suitable for the requirement of large-scale mechanical transplanting.
Example 5: as an optimization of the above embodiment, in the third step, the water percentage of the melon seedling substrate is supplemented to 65% to 70%, the depth of the melon seedling substrate is 1.0cm to 1.5cm when sowing, and 1 to 2 melon seeds are sown in each sowing hole.
Example 6: as optimization of the above embodiment, in the fourth step, in the melon seedling culture process, the water content of the melon seedling culture medium is 75% to 85% in the seed germination stage; the water percentage of melon seedling substrate is 65-70% from the stage of cotyledon unfolding to two-leaf one-heart stage; in the seedling stage, the pH value of the melon seedling substrate is 5.8 to 6.5.
Example 7: as optimization of the above embodiment, in the melon seedling culture process, the temperature of the seedling culture environment is 25 ℃ to 32 ℃, after melon seedlings emerge, the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 5 days, 3 times of continuous spraying are carried out, and the surface layer of the melon seedling culture matrix sprayed each time is moist.
Example 8: as an optimization of the above examples, the nutrient solution was prepared as follows: firstly, mixing 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer and clear water according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing and diluting in a proportion of 300-500 to obtain a compound fertilizer diluent; then potassium humate and clear water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1500 to obtain humic acid diluent; and finally, uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer diluent and the potassium humate diluent according to the volume ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 9: as optimization of the embodiment, the weight ratio of the 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer to the clear water in the nutrient solution sprayed for 3 times continuously is 1:500, 1:400 and 1:300 in sequence.
According to the needs, the nutrient solution used in the invention is prepared from the 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer and the humic acid fertilizer with certain concentration, and the nutrient solution with different concentrations is sprayed at different stages of melon seedling growth and development, so that melon seedling growth can be promoted, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the melon seedlings can be improved.
Example 10: as optimization of the above embodiment, in the fifth step, 5 to 7 days before mechanical transplanting and field planting, water and fertilizer are controlled on the melon seedling substrate until melon seedlings do not wilt, ventilation, light transmission and cooling are enhanced, and in mechanical transplanting and field planting, when melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, the plant height of the melon seedlings is 10cm to 12cm.
According to the requirements, water and fertilizer are controlled 5 to 7 days before melon seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are ensured not to wilt, ventilation, light transmission and proper cooling in the seedling raising shed are enhanced. The melon transplanting seedlings are sorted, weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings are removed, the consistent ages of the melon seedlings are guaranteed, obvious disease seedlings and mechanical damage are avoided, the seedlings stem upwards and lodging are avoided, root clusters are not exposed, and therefore the survival rate of the melon seedlings can be remarkably improved.
Example 11: the seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting is carried out according to the following steps:
first, seed treatment: selecting full melon seeds, placing the melon seeds into a container, adding hot water (the volume ratio of the melon seeds to the hot water is 1:3, and the temperature of the hot water is 55 ℃) for soaking, continuously stirring until the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, keeping constant temperature for soaking seeds for 4 hours, pouring out the hot water, soaking the melon seeds into 0.15mg/L brassinosteroid solution for soaking seeds for 60 minutes, fishing out the seeds, and airing for later use;
secondly, preparing a seedling culture matrix: mixing and stirring mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide with the volume ratio of fermentation being 4:2:2:1.5:0.5 uniformly to obtain a melon seedling substrate, and filling the melon seedling substrate into a seedling tray for later use, wherein the water content of the melon seedling substrate is 55%;
third step, sowing: after supplementing the moisture of the melon seedling substrate, sowing in the melon seedling substrate by adopting a manual dibbling mode, wherein the moisture percentage of the melon seedling substrate is supplemented to 70%, the depth of the melon seedling substrate is 1.0cm to 1.5cm, and 2 melon seeds are sown in each sowing hole;
fourth, management: after seeding, covering a layer of plastic film above the seedling raising tray, and culturing melon seedlings, and uncovering the plastic film when the melon seedlings arch soil, wherein the moisture percentage of the melon seedling raising matrix is 80% in the melon seedling raising culture process; the water percentage of melon seedling substrate is 70% from the stage of cotyledon unfolding to two-leaf one-heart stage; in the seedling stage, the pH value of the melon seedling substrate is 6.0; after the melon seedlings emerge, spraying a nutrient solution every 5 days for 3 times, wherein the weight ratio of the 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer to the clear water in each compound fertilizer diluent is 1:500, 1:400 and 1:300 in sequence, and the weight ratio of the potassium humate to the clear water in the humic acid diluent is 1:1500, wetting the surface layer of the melon seedling substrate sprayed each time;
fifth, preparing for transplanting: when melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center (namely, the plant height of the melon seedlings is 10cm to 12 cm), mechanically transplanting and planting the melon seedlings in a field, controlling water and fertilizer 5 days before transplanting the seedlings, taking the seedlings not wilting as degree, enhancing ventilation and light transmission in a seedling raising shed, and properly cooling. And (3) arranging the transplanted seedlings, removing weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings, ensuring that the sizes of the seedlings are consistent, preventing obvious disease seedlings and mechanical damage, preventing the seedlings from lodging upwards, preventing root clusters from being exposed, and performing field planting management in time.
The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting of the embodiment 11 of the invention is compared with the conventional seedling raising method in terms of germination rate, germination tendency, seedling survival rate, plant height, stem thickness and leaf number, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the seedling raising method of the invention is more suitable for melon seedling raising, can remarkably improve the germination rate of melon seeds, shorten the germination time of melon seeds, improve the survival rate of melon seedlings, obviously improve the performance indexes such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf number and the like of melon seedlings, and has good social and economic benefits.
In conclusion, the melon seedling transplanting method can ensure uniform growth vigor and uniformity of melon seedlings, is suitable for mechanized transplanting, can improve the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings, and is convenient for later field planting management.
The technical characteristics form the embodiment of the invention, have stronger adaptability and implementation effect, and can increase or decrease unnecessary technical characteristics according to actual needs so as to meet the requirements of different situations.
TABLE 1
| Project name | Germination percentage | Trend of germination | Survival rate of seedling | Seedling height | Seedling stem thickness | Number of leaves of seedlings |
| Conventional seedling raising method | 96.3% | 93.7% | 98.5% | 10.2cm | 0.21cm | 2.7 |
| The invention relates to a seedling raising method | 99.8% | 99.6% | 99.6% | 11.5cm | 0.29cm | 3.5 |
Claims (10)
1. The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
first, seed treatment: soaking melon seeds in hot water, stirring, soaking seeds at a first constant temperature, removing the hot water, soaking the melon seeds with the hot water removed in a germination accelerating agent, soaking seeds for the second time, fishing out the melon seeds, and airing for later use;
secondly, preparing a seedling culture matrix: mixing and stirring the mushroom residues, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide which are fermented by the required amount uniformly to obtain a melon seedling substrate, and filling the melon seedling substrate into a seedling hole tray for later use;
third step, sowing: after supplementing the water content of the melon seedling culture medium, sowing in the melon seedling culture medium in a manual dibbling mode;
fourth, management: after sowing, covering a layer of plastic film above the seedling raising hole tray, culturing melon seedlings, and removing the plastic film when the melon seedlings arch the soil;
fifth, preparing for transplanting: when melon seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, mechanically transplanting and planting the melon seedlings in a field, arranging the transplanted seedlings, removing weak seedlings and abnormal seedlings, and performing field planting management in time.
2. The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the volume ratio of melon seeds to hot water is 1:3, the temperature of the hot water is 55 ℃ to 60 ℃, the temperature of the first constant-temperature seed soaking is 29 ℃ to 31 ℃, and the time of constant-temperature seed soaking is 3 hours to 4 hours.
3. The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting of muskmelon according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the first step, the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 0.15mg brassinosteroids into 1 liter of water, the temperature of the second seed soaking treatment is normal temperature, and the time of the second seed soaking treatment is 40-60 min.
4. A seedling method suitable for mechanical transplanting of melons according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the second step, the volume ratio of mushroom residue, turf, vermiculite, perlite and chitosan oligosaccharide is 4:2:2:1.5:0.5, and the moisture percentage of the melon seedling substrate is 50-60%.
5. A melon seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the third step, the moisture percentage of melon seedling raising substrate is supplemented to 65% to 70%, and the depth of melon seedling raising substrate is 1.0cm to 1.5cm when sowing, and 1 melon seed to 2 melon seeds are sown in each sowing hole.
6. A method for mechanically transplanting melon according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the fourth step, the melon seedling culture medium has a moisture percentage of 75% to 85% in the seed germination stage; the water percentage of melon seedling substrate is 65-70% from the stage of cotyledon unfolding to two-leaf one-heart stage; in the seedling stage, the pH value of the melon seedling substrate is 5.8 to 6.5.
7. A melon seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the melon seedling raising and culturing process, the melon seedling raising environment temperature is 25 ℃ to 32 ℃, after melon seedlings emerge, the nutrient solution is sprayed every 5 days, the spraying is carried out for 3 times continuously, and the surface layer sprayed to the melon seedling raising substrate is wet each time.
8. The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting of muskmelon according to claim 7, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared according to the following method: firstly, mixing 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer and clear water according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing and diluting in a proportion of 300-500 to obtain a compound fertilizer diluent; then potassium humate and clear water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1500 to obtain humic acid diluent; and finally, uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer diluent and the potassium humate diluent according to the volume ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain the nutrient solution.
9. The seedling raising method suitable for mechanical melon transplanting according to claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that the weight ratio of the 17-17-17 ternary compound fertilizer to the clear water in the nutrient solution sprayed for 3 times continuously is 1:500, 1:400 and 1:300 in sequence.
10. A seedling method suitable for mechanical transplanting of melon according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the fifth step, 5 to 7 days before mechanical transplanting and planting, the melon seedling substrate is controlled with water and fertilizer until melon seedlings do not wilt, ventilation, light transmission and cooling are enhanced, and in mechanical transplanting and planting, melon seedlings grow to a half-leaf and a half-core state, the melon seedling plant height is 10cm to 12cm.
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