CN117081365A - Power supply adjusting circuit, buck converter and direct current power supply - Google Patents
Power supply adjusting circuit, buck converter and direct current power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN117081365A CN117081365A CN202311220797.1A CN202311220797A CN117081365A CN 117081365 A CN117081365 A CN 117081365A CN 202311220797 A CN202311220797 A CN 202311220797A CN 117081365 A CN117081365 A CN 117081365A
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The application is suitable for the technical field of electronic circuits and provides a power supply adjusting circuit, a buck converter and a direct current power supply. The power supply adjusting circuit comprises a current source module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a charging and discharging module and a resistance module, wherein the first switch module is respectively and electrically connected with the current source module, the second switch module is electrically connected with the resistance module, the current source module is electrically connected with a first power supply, the resistance module and the charging and discharging module are both grounded, the first switch module is electrically connected with a grid electrode of an upper tube in the buck converter, and the second switch module and the charging and discharging module are both electrically connected with a control module in the buck converter. The power supply adjusting circuit provided by the embodiment of the application solves the problem that the secondary load capacity of the Fly-Buck Buck converter based on the intermittent conduction mode cannot be ensured when the primary light load is carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to a power supply adjusting circuit, a buck converter and a direct current power supply.
Background
Along with the rapid development of power electronic technology, the demands of people for various electronic products are increasing, and meanwhile, the demands for direct current power supplies are also increasing. There is increasing interest in Buck converters employing Fly-Buck topologies that provide one isolated output and one non-isolated output, which can provide a lower cost alternative to the common Fly-Buck topologies.
The Buck converter adopting Fly-Buck topology comprises a control module, an upper pipe, a lower pipe, a transformer, a primary output module and a secondary output module. In the prior art, a Forced Continuous Conduction Mode (FCCM) is generally adopted for control, and the secondary load capacity can be ensured in the primary light load state, but the overall efficiency is low. If intermittent conduction mode (DCM) is adopted for control, the secondary load capacity cannot be ensured at the time of primary light load, although the overall efficiency is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a power supply adjusting circuit, a Buck converter and a direct current power supply, which can solve the problem that secondary load capacity cannot be ensured when a Fly-Buck Buck converter based on an intermittent conduction mode is in primary light load.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply adjustment circuit, including a current source module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a charge-discharge module, and a resistance module, where the first switch module is electrically connected with the current source module, the second switch module, and the charge-discharge module, the second switch module is electrically connected with the resistance module, the current source module is electrically connected with a first power supply, the resistance module and the charge-discharge module are both used for grounding, the first switch module is electrically connected with a gate of an upper tube in a buck converter, and the second switch module and the charge-discharge module are both used for electrically connecting with a control module in the buck converter;
the current source module is used for providing charging current; the first switch module is used for receiving a first control signal, and is conducted according to the first control signal so as to enable the charging current to charge the charging and discharging module; the second switch module is used for receiving a second control signal, and is conducted according to the second control signal so that the charge and discharge module discharges through the resistor module; the charging and discharging module is used for outputting a target reference voltage to the control module according to the charging current, so that the control module adjusts the conduction time of the upper tube; the first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper pipe to be conducted; and when the upper pipe is conducted or the lower pipe is conducted, the second control signal is a high-level signal.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the current source module includes a current source, one end of the current source is used for being electrically connected with the first power supply, and the other end of the current source is electrically connected with the first switch module.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first switch module includes a first switch, a control end of the first switch is used for being electrically connected with the gate of the upper tube, a first conducting end of the first switch is electrically connected with the current source module, and a second conducting end of the first switch is electrically connected with the second switch module and the charge-discharge module respectively.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second switch module includes a second switch, a control end of the second switch is electrically connected to the control module, a first conductive end of the second switch is electrically connected to the first switch module and the charge-discharge module, and a second conductive end of the second switch is electrically connected to the resistor module.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the resistor module includes a first resistor, a first end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the second switch module, and a second end of the first resistor is used for grounding.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the charge-discharge module includes a charge-discharge unit and a filter unit, where the charge-discharge unit is electrically connected to the first switch module, the second switch module and the filter unit, and the filter unit is used to be electrically connected to the control module, and both the charge-discharge unit and the filter unit are used to be grounded;
the charging and discharging unit is used for outputting the target reference voltage to the filtering unit according to the charging current; the filtering unit is used for filtering the target reference voltage and outputting the filtered target reference voltage to the control module.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the charge-discharge unit includes a first capacitor, a positive electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first switch module, the second switch module and the filter unit, and a negative electrode of the first capacitor is used for grounding.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the filtering unit includes a second resistor and a second capacitor, a first end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the charge-discharge unit, the first switch module and the second switch module, and a second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to an anode of the second capacitor and the control module, respectively, and a cathode of the second capacitor is used for grounding.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a buck converter, including an upper tube, a lower tube, a transformer, a primary output module, a secondary output module, a control module, a zero crossing detection module, and the power supply adjustment circuit of any one of the first aspects;
the drain electrode of the upper tube is electrically connected with a second power supply, the source electrode of the upper tube is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the lower tube, one end of a primary winding of the transformer and the zero-crossing detection module respectively, the connection positions of the drain electrode of the upper tube and the primary winding are called as switch nodes, the source electrode of the lower tube is electrically connected with a first ground, the other end of the primary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with the primary output module, the primary output module is electrically connected with a primary load, one end of a secondary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with a second ground, the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with the secondary output module, the secondary output module is electrically connected with a second ground, and the control module is electrically connected with a grid electrode of the upper tube, a grid electrode of the lower tube, the detection module, the primary output module, a first switch module in the power supply regulation circuit, a second switch module in the power supply regulation circuit and a zero-crossing regulation circuit respectively;
the control module is used for outputting a first control signal and a second control signal to the power supply adjusting circuit; the first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper pipe to be conducted; when the upper pipe and the lower pipe are both turned off, the second control signal keeps a low-level signal in a preset time, and when the upper pipe is turned on or the lower pipe is turned on, the second control signal is a high-level signal; the power supply adjusting circuit is used for outputting a target reference voltage to the control module according to the first control signal and the second control signal; the control module is used for adjusting the conduction time of the upper tube according to the target reference voltage; the zero-crossing detection module is used for detecting current at the switch node, and outputting a zero-crossing detection signal to the control module when the current is zero; the control module is used for controlling the lower tube to be turned off according to the zero-crossing detection signal and starting timing, and controlling the lower tube to be turned on when the timing time is longer than the preset time so as to keep the first output voltage output by the primary output module stable.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a dc power supply, including the buck converter according to the second aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the application provides a power supply adjusting circuit which comprises a current source module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a charge-discharge module and a resistor module. The first switch module is electrically connected with the current source module, the second switch module and the charge-discharge module respectively, the second switch module is electrically connected with the resistance module, the current source module is electrically connected with the first power supply, the resistance module and the charge-discharge module are both grounded, the first switch module is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the upper tube in the buck converter, and the second switch module and the charge-discharge module are both electrically connected with the control module in the buck converter.
The current source module is used for providing charging current. The first switch module is used for receiving a first control signal, and is conducted according to the first control signal so that the charging current charges the charging and discharging module. The second switch module is used for receiving a second control signal, and is conducted according to the second control signal, so that the charging and discharging module discharges through the resistor module. The charging and discharging module is used for outputting a target reference voltage to the control module according to the charging current, so that the control module adjusts the conduction time of the upper tube. The first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper tube to be conducted; when the upper pipe and the lower pipe in the buck converter are both turned off, the second control signal keeps a low-level signal in a preset time, and when the upper pipe is turned on or the lower pipe is turned on, the second control signal is a high-level signal.
The application uses the principle of charge-discharge balance of the charge-discharge module to enable the target reference voltage output by the charge-discharge module to monitor the change of the secondary load of the buck converter, when the secondary load of the buck converter is larger, the target reference voltage output by the charge-discharge module to the control module is larger, the control module can increase the conduction time of the upper tube so as to improve the exciting current in the buck converter, thereby improving the secondary load capacity of the buck converter. Meanwhile, the second control signal is limited to be a low-level signal kept in a preset time, namely zero current time in the buck converter is limited to be fixed, so that the switching frequency of the buck converter is ensured not to change, and the primary output voltage of the buck converter can be kept stable while the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is improved.
In summary, the power supply adjusting circuit provided by the embodiment of the application solves the problem that the secondary load capacity of the Fly-Buck Buck converter based on the intermittent conduction mode cannot be ensured when the primary light load is carried.
It will be appreciated that the advantages of the second to third aspects may be found in the relevant description of the first aspect, and are not described in detail herein.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connections of a prior art Fly-Buck Buck converter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the current variation in the Fly-Buck converter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply adjustment circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply adjustment circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of circuit connection of a power supply adjusting circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current variation of the Fly-Buck Buck converter shown in FIG. 1 after the Fly-Buck Buck converter is implemented with the power supply regulation circuit according to the embodiment of the application;
fig. 7 is a functional block diagram of a buck converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 10. a power supply adjustment circuit; 11. a current source module; 12. a first switch module; 13. a second switch module; 14. a charge-discharge module; 141. a charge-discharge unit; 142. a filtering unit; 15. a resistor module; 20. a primary output module; 30. a secondary output module; 40. a zero-crossing detection module; 50. a control module; 60. a first power supply; 70. a second power supply; 80. primary load; 90. and a secondary load.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
As used in the present description and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted in context as "when …" or "upon" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit connection of a prior Fly-Buck converter. Referring to fig. 1, the Fly-Buck converter includes a control module 50, an upper pipe S1, a lower pipe S2, a transformer, a primary output module 20, and a secondary output module 30. The primary output module 20 includes a primary capacitor C11. The secondary output module 30 includes a diode D1 and a secondary capacitance C12. The control module 50 includes a buck control chip. L_ lkg represents leakage inductance of the transformer. The control module 50 controls the upper tube S1 to be turned on or the lower tube S2 to be turned on according to the first output voltage VOUT1 and the fixed reference voltage, so that the first output voltage VOUT1 provided by the primary output module 20 is maintained stable. The secondary output module 30 provides a second output voltage VOUT 2. I1 is the current flowing through the primary winding of the transformer, referred to as primary current, and I2 is the current flowing through the secondary winding of the transformer, referred to as secondary current.
Assume that the turns ratio of the secondary winding to the primary winding of the transformer is 1:1, if the actual turns ratio is not 1, the upper turns ratio is considered, and when the lower tube S2 is turned on, the voltage at the node of the secondary winding sw2 can be made to approach the first output voltage VOUT1, so that the secondary capacitor C12 is approximately charged through the first output voltage VOUT1, the leakage inductance l_ lkg and the diode D1, and then the secondary current I2 is related to the first output voltage VOUT1 and the second output voltage VOUT 2. In the prior art, a forced continuous conduction mode is generally used for control, so that the secondary load capacity can be ensured still in the primary light load state, but the overall efficiency is low. If the intermittent conduction mode is adopted for control, the overall efficiency is higher, but the secondary load capacity cannot be ensured in the primary light load.
It should be noted that the present application improves the intermittent conduction mode: the control module 50 controls the lower pipe S2 to be turned on, and then controls the upper pipe S1 to be turned on for loop control. The loop control logic is as follows: when the first output voltage VOUT1 is smaller than the fixed reference voltage, the control module 50 controls the lower tube S2 to be turned off and the upper tube S1 to be turned on, at this time, the timer is reset, when the on time of the upper tube S1 reaches the fixed on time (the application adopts the constant on time to control), the control module 50 controls the upper tube S1 to be turned off, the lower tube S2 to be turned on, and carries out zero crossing detection, when the primary current I1 crosses zero, the control module 50 controls the lower tube S2 to be turned off, and enters a zero current interval, because the primary load is very light, the first output voltage VOUT1 is slowly changed, and the counter is triggered to carry out timing, and when the timing time is longer than the preset time, the control module 50 controls the lower tube S2 to be turned on and the upper tube S1 to be turned off, so that the first output voltage VOUT1 is rapidly changed, and loop control is carried out again. The preset time represents the maximum zero current time, and can be set according to practical situations, and the current change is shown in fig. 2.
The reason why the secondary load capacity cannot be ensured when the control is performed by adopting the improved intermittent conduction mode is described with reference to fig. 2: in fig. 2, im is an exciting current, when the secondary load increases, the second output voltage VOUT2 decreases, the voltage difference between the first output voltage VOUT1 and the second output voltage VOUT2 increases, the secondary current I2 increases, the primary current I1 decreases when the exciting current Im is constant, and the charge supplied to the primary capacitor C11 decreases, so that the control module 50 controls the upper tube S1 to be turned on to supplement the charge to the primary capacitor C11. If the secondary load is increased again, the lower tube S2 may not be turned on, and the control module 50 directly controls the upper tube S1 to be turned on, the current variation waveform is the same as the waveform of the normal intermittent conduction mode, but the switching frequency is increased, and the switching frequency cannot be continuously increased due to the smaller primary load, otherwise, the primary output overshoot is caused, which is unacceptable.
On the other hand, the average value of the primary current I1 is the primary load current, the average value of the secondary current I2 is the secondary load current, and if there are a plurality of outputs from the secondary, the currents can be superimposed and analyzed, and since the exciting current im=i1+i2, the average value of the exciting current Im is the sum of the primary load current and the secondary load current. Since the primary load is small and the switching frequency cannot be increased continuously, the average value of the exciting current Im is limited, which also results in a limitation of the secondary load capacity.
In order to solve the problem that efficiency and secondary load capacity of a Buck converter adopting Fly-Buck topology conflict under primary light load, because the average value of exciting current Im is equal to the sum of primary load current and secondary load current, under the condition that switching frequency cannot be effectively improved due to the primary light load, the average value of exciting current Im can be effectively improved by increasing the conduction time of an upper tube S1 under the condition that secondary load is increased, and because the function of limiting the lowest switching frequency is added, more supplementary charges are discharged in the process of controlling the conduction of a lower tube S2 due to the fact that the conduction time of the upper tube S1 is increased, so that primary output stability is maintained, and meanwhile, the secondary load capacity is greatly improved.
In the application, the most critical part is how to acquire the change of the secondary load, and further, when knowing that the secondary load increases, the conduction time of the upper tube S1 is increased, so that the exciting current Im is improved, and the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is improved.
In view of the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply adjustment circuit, as shown in fig. 3, the power supply adjustment circuit 10 includes a current source module 11, a first switch module 12, a second switch module 13, a charge-discharge module 14, and a resistor module 15. The first switch module 12 is electrically connected with the current source module 11, the second switch module 13 and the charge-discharge module 14 respectively, the second switch module 13 is electrically connected with the resistance module 15, the current source module 11 is electrically connected with the first power supply 60, the resistance module 15 and the charge-discharge module 14 are both grounded, the first switch module 12 is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the upper tube S1 in the buck converter, and the second switch module 13 and the charge-discharge module 14 are both electrically connected with the control module 50 in the buck converter.
Specifically, the current source module 11 is configured to provide a charging current. The first switch module 12 is configured to receive the first control signal, and conduct according to the first control signal to charge the charge-discharge module 14 with the charge current. The second switch module 13 is configured to receive a second control signal, and conduct according to the second control signal, so that the charge/discharge module 14 discharges through the resistor module 15. The charge-discharge module 14 is configured to output a target reference voltage to the control module 50 according to the charging current, so that the control module 50 adjusts the on time of the upper tube S1. Wherein, in a switching period of the buck converter, the charge capacity of the charge-discharge module 14 is equal to the discharge capacity, so that the target reference voltage characterizes the change of the secondary load of the buck converter. The first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper tube S1 to be conducted, and is a high level signal. The second control signal is a signal representing a zero current interval in the buck converter, when the upper pipe S1 and the lower pipe S2 in the buck converter are both turned off, the second control signal keeps a low level signal in a preset time, and when the upper pipe S1 is turned on or the lower pipe S1 is turned on, the second control signal is a high level signal. It should be noted that the preset time represents the maximum zero current time and can be set according to practical situations.
The application utilizes the principle of charge-discharge balance of the charge-discharge module 14 to enable the target reference voltage output by the charge-discharge module 14 to monitor the change of the secondary load of the buck converter, when the secondary load of the buck converter is larger, the target reference voltage output by the charge-discharge module 14 to the control module 50 is larger, the control module 50 can increase the conduction time of the upper tube S1 so as to increase the exciting current in the buck converter, thereby improving the secondary load capacity of the buck converter. Meanwhile, the second control signal is limited to be a low-level signal kept in a preset time, namely zero current time in the buck converter is limited to be fixed, so that the switching frequency of the buck converter is ensured not to change, and the primary output voltage of the buck converter is kept stable while the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is improved.
In summary, the power supply adjusting circuit 10 provided by the embodiment of the application solves the problem that the secondary load capacity of the Fly-Buck converter based on the intermittent conduction mode cannot be ensured when the primary light load is carried out.
As shown in fig. 5, the current source module 11 includes a current source, one end of which is electrically connected to the first power source 60, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the first switch module 12. Wherein the voltage provided by the first power supply 60 is VDD. In particular, the current source is used to provide the charging current Iref.
Note that, the current source module 11 may be replaced by another module that realizes the function thereof, and is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 5, the first switch module 12 includes a first switch K1, a control end of the first switch K1 is electrically connected to the gate of the upper tube S1, a first conducting end of the first switch K1 is electrically connected to the current source module 11, and a second conducting end of the first switch K1 is electrically connected to the second switch module 13 and the charge/discharge module 14, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 5, the first conducting end of the first switch K1 is electrically connected to the other end of the current source.
Specifically, the first switch K1 is configured to receive the first control signal HON, and conduct according to the first control signal HON, so that the charging current Iref charges the charging/discharging module 14. It should be noted that the on state of the first switch K1 is synchronous with the on state of the upper tube S1, so it can be obtained that the charging time of the charging and discharging module 14 is the on time of the upper tube S1.
By way of example, the first switch K1 may be a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) switch, an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) switch, a BJT (bipolar transistor) switch, or the like.
Note that the first switch module 12 may be replaced by another module that performs its function, and is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 5, the second switch module 13 includes a second switch K2, a control end of the second switch K2 is electrically connected to the control module 50, a first conductive end of the second switch K2 is electrically connected to the first switch module 12 and the charge-discharge module 14, and a second conductive end of the second switch K2 is electrically connected to the resistor module 15. As can be seen from fig. 5, the first conducting terminal of the second switch K2 is electrically connected to the second conducting terminal of the first switch K1 and the charge-discharge module 14, respectively.
Specifically, the second switch K2 receives the second control signal zc_b, and is turned on according to the second control signal zc_b, so that the charge-discharge module 14 discharges through the resistor module 15. It should be noted that, the conducting state of the second switch K2 is related to the conducting state of the upper tube S1 and the conducting state of the lower tube S2, when both the upper tube S1 and the lower tube S2 are turned off, the second control signal zc_b is a low level signal, the second switch K2 is turned off, and when the upper tube S1 is conducted or the lower tube S2 is conducted, the second control signal zc_b is a high level signal, and the second switch K2 is conducted, so that the discharging time of the charging/discharging module 14 can be obtained as the sum of the conducting time of the upper tube S1 and the conducting time of the lower tube S2.
The first switch K1 may be a MOSFET switch, an IGBT switch, a BJT switch, or the like, for example.
The second switch module 13 may be replaced by another module that performs its function, and is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 5, the resistor module 15 includes a first resistor R1, a first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second switch module 13, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is used for grounding. As can be seen from fig. 5, the first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second conducting end of the second switch K2.
Specifically, the first resistor R1 is configured to provide a discharge loop for the charge-discharge module 14 when the second switch K2 is turned on.
The resistor module 15 may be replaced by another module that performs its function, and is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 4, the charge and discharge module 14 includes a charge and discharge unit 141 and a filter unit 142, the charge and discharge unit 141 is electrically connected to the first switch module 12, the second switch module 13 and the filter unit 142, the filter unit 142 is electrically connected to the control module 50, and both the charge and discharge unit 141 and the filter unit 142 are grounded.
Specifically, the charge and discharge unit 141 is configured to output a target reference voltage to the filtering unit 142 according to the charging current. The filtering unit 142 is configured to filter the target reference voltage and output the filtered target reference voltage to the control module 50.
As shown in fig. 5, the charge and discharge unit 141 includes a first capacitor C1, where an anode of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the first switch module 12, the second switch module 13, and the filter unit 142, and a cathode of the first capacitor C1 is used for grounding. As can be seen from fig. 5, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the second conducting terminal of the first switch K1, the first conducting terminal of the second switch K2, and the filter unit 142, respectively.
Specifically, the first capacitor C1 is configured to output the target reference voltage TONREF to the filtering unit 142 according to the charging current.
As shown in fig. 5, the filter unit 142 includes a second resistor R2 and a second capacitor C2, wherein a first end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the charge and discharge unit 141, the first switch module 12 and the second switch module 13, and a second end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to an anode of the second capacitor C2 and the control module 50, respectively, and a cathode of the second capacitor C2 is used for grounding. As can be seen from fig. 5, the first end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1, the second conducting end of the first switch K1, and the first conducting end of the second switch K2, respectively.
Specifically, the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2 are configured to filter the target reference voltage TONREF, and transmit the filtered target reference voltage TONREF to the control module 50.
Note that the filter unit 142 may be replaced by another unit that performs its function, and is not limited thereto.
The relationship between the target reference voltage TONREF and the secondary load of the buck converter is deduced with reference to FIG. 5, and the beneficial effects of the present application are described with reference to FIG. 6.
In fig. 5, the first control signal HON is a signal for controlling the upper tube S1 to be turned on, and is a high level signal, and controls the first switch K1 to be turned on, so that the charging current Iref charges the first capacitor C1, and the charging time is the on time of the upper tube S1. The second control signal zc_b is a signal representing a zero current interval in the buck converter, when the upper tube S1 and the lower tube S2 are both turned off, the second control signal zc_b keeps a low level signal in a preset time, and the second switch K2 is turned off, so that the first capacitor C1 is prevented from discharging through the first resistor R1. When the upper tube S1 is turned on or the lower tube S2 is turned on, the second control signal zc_b is a high level signal, the second switch K2 is turned on, the first capacitor C1 discharges through the first resistor R1, and the discharging time is the sum of the on time of the upper tube S1 and the on time of the lower tube S2.
Assuming that the on-time of the upper tube S1 is denoted by t_hon, the on-time of the lower tube S2 is denoted by t_hoff, the resistance of the first resistor R1 is denoted by R, the voltage across the second capacitor C2 is the filtered target reference voltage TONREF, and the target reference voltage TONREF is the average value of the voltages across the first capacitor C1.
The charge-discharge balance of the capacitor in one switching period can be obtained:
T_HON*Iref=(TONREF/R)*(T_HON+T_HOFF)(1)；
wherein TONREF/R is the average current of the first capacitor C1 discharged through the first resistor R1, T_HON+T_HOFF is the discharge time of the first capacitor C1, when the upper tube S1 and the lower tube S2 are both turned off, the second control signal ZC_b is a low level signal, the second switch K2 is turned off, and the first capacitor C1 is prevented from being discharged through the first resistor R1.
From (1), the expression TONREF can be obtained:
TONREF=Iref*R*T_HON/(T_HON+T_HOFF) (2)；
the charging current Iref and the resistance R of the first resistor R1 are both constant, so that a relationship among TONREF, T_HON and T_HOFF can be obtained, when T_HOFF decreases due to the increase of the secondary load of the buck converter, TONREF increases, and then TONREF is utilized to control the on time of the upper tube S1.
Let t_hon=k be TONREF, k be positive, then equation (2) can be written as:
T_HON+T_HOFF=k*Iref*R(3)。
if k is set to be constant, as shown in equation (3), when t_hoff decreases, t_hon increases, t_hon+t_thoff remains unchanged, which is eventually beneficial to improving the secondary load capacity of the buck converter, and the second control signal zc_b is limited to remain a low level signal for a preset time, i.e. it is limited that the zero current time is fixed, so that the switching frequency of the buck converter will not change.
The application realizes the monitoring of the secondary load through the power supply adjusting circuit 10, when the secondary load is larger, the target reference voltage TONREF output by the charge-discharge module 14 to the control module 50 is larger, the control module 50 can increase the conduction time of the upper pipe S1 so as to improve the exciting current in the buck converter, thereby improving the secondary load carrying capacity of the buck converter. Meanwhile, the application can work at lower frequency and keep higher efficiency when the primary and secondary are light-loaded, and can fix the switching frequency at a limiting value even if the primary side is light-loaded and the secondary load is heavy, so that the switching frequency cannot randomly fluctuate. In addition, since the conduction time of the upper tube S1 is increased, the charges supplied to the primary capacitor C11 are totally discharged after a period of time due to the frequency limiting effect, so that the primary output can be kept stable.
As shown in fig. 6, after the on-time of the upper tube S1 increases, the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is significantly improved, and fig. 6 only shows the case that the on-time of the upper tube S1 increases a little, and in actual operation, the on-time of the upper tube S1 can be several times that of the normal case, so that the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is significantly improved.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a buck converter, as shown in fig. 7, where the buck converter includes an upper tube S1, a lower tube S2, a transformer, a primary output module 20, a secondary output module 30, a control module 50, a zero crossing detection module 40, and the power supply adjusting circuit 10 described above. The drain electrode of the upper tube S1 is electrically connected to the second power supply 70, the voltage provided by the second power supply 70 is VIN, the source electrode of the upper tube S1 is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the lower tube S2, one end of the primary winding of the transformer and the zero-crossing detection module 40, the connection is referred to as a switch node sw1, the source electrode of the lower tube S2 is connected to the first ground, the other end of the primary winding of the transformer is electrically connected to the primary output module 20, the primary output module 20 is electrically connected to the primary load 80, the primary output module 20 is further connected to the first ground GND1, one end of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the second ground GND2, the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer is electrically connected to the secondary output module 30, the secondary output module 30 is electrically connected to the secondary load 90, and the control module 50 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the upper tube S1, the gate electrode of the lower tube S2, the zero-crossing detection module 40, the primary output module 20, the first switch module in the regulating circuit 10, and the second switch module in the regulating circuit 10. The first ground GND1 and the second ground GND2 may be the same ground or may be different grounds.
Specifically, the control module 50 is configured to output a first control signal and a second control signal to the power supply adjustment circuit 10, where the first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper tube to be turned on; the second control signal is a signal representing a zero current interval in the buck converter, when the upper pipe and the lower pipe are both turned off, the second control signal keeps a low level signal in a preset time, and when the upper pipe is turned on or the lower pipe is turned on, the second control signal is a high level signal.
The supply adjusting circuit 10 is configured to output a target reference voltage TONREF to the control module 50 according to the first control signal HON and the second control signal ZC_b. Specifically, the current source module in the power supply adjusting circuit 10 is used for providing charging current; the first switch module in the power supply adjusting circuit 10 is configured to receive the first control signal HON, and conduct according to the first control signal HON, so that the charging current charges the charging and discharging module; the second switch module in the power supply adjusting circuit 10 is configured to receive the second control signal zc_b, and conduct according to the second control signal zc_b, so that the charge and discharge module discharges through the resistor module; the charge-discharge module in the power supply adjustment circuit 10 is configured to output a target reference voltage TONREF to the control module 50 according to the charging current; wherein, in one switching cycle of the buck converter, the charge capacity of the charge-discharge module is equal to the discharge capacity, so that the target reference voltage TONREF characterizes the change of the secondary load 90 of the buck converter. It should be noted that, the buck converter provided in the embodiment of the present application is controlled by adopting an improved discontinuous conduction mode, and the control logic is referred to above and will not be described herein.
The control module 50 is configured to adjust the on time of the upper tube S1 according to the target reference voltage TONREF. The zero-crossing detection module 40 is configured to detect the current at the switch node sw1 (i.e., the primary current I1), and output a zero-crossing detection signal to the control module 50 when the current is zero (i.e., the primary current I1 is zero). The control module 50 is configured to control the down tube S2 to turn off according to the zero-crossing detection signal and start timing, and when the timing time is longer than a preset time, control the down tube S2 to turn on so as to maintain the first output voltage VOUT1 outputted by the primary output module 20 stable.
As can be seen from the above, the buck converter provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the charge-discharge balance principle of the charge-discharge module in the power supply adjusting circuit 10 to enable the target reference voltage TONREF output by the charge-discharge module to monitor the change of the secondary load 90 of the buck converter, when the secondary load 90 of the buck converter is larger, the control module 50 can increase the conduction time of the upper tube S1 to increase the exciting current in the buck converter, thereby improving the secondary load capacity of the buck converter. Meanwhile, the second control signal ZC_b is limited to be a low-level signal kept in a preset time, namely, zero current time in the buck converter is limited to be fixed, so that the switching frequency of the buck converter is ensured not to change, and the primary output voltage of the buck converter is kept stable while the secondary load capacity of the buck converter is improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a direct current power supply, which comprises the buck converter. The dc power supply provided by the embodiment of the application can improve the secondary load capacity and ensure the stability of the primary output when the primary light load is carried out, and the specific working principle is referred to the description of the working principle of the buck converter, and is not repeated here.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The power supply adjusting circuit is characterized by comprising a current source module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a charge-discharge module and a resistance module, wherein the first switch module is respectively and electrically connected with the current source module, the second switch module and the charge-discharge module, the second switch module is electrically connected with the resistance module, the current source module is used for being electrically connected with a first power supply, the resistance module and the charge-discharge module are both used for being grounded, the first switch module is used for being electrically connected with a grid electrode of an upper tube in a buck converter, and the second switch module and the charge-discharge module are both used for being electrically connected with a control module in the buck converter;
the current source module is used for providing charging current; the first switch module is used for receiving a first control signal, and is conducted according to the first control signal so as to enable the charging current to charge the charging and discharging module; the second switch module is used for receiving a second control signal, and is conducted according to the second control signal so that the charge and discharge module discharges through the resistor module; the charging and discharging module is used for outputting a target reference voltage to the control module according to the charging current, so that the control module adjusts the conduction time of the upper tube; the first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper pipe to be conducted; and when the upper pipe is conducted or the lower pipe is conducted, the second control signal is a high-level signal.
2. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 1, wherein the current source module comprises a current source having one end for electrical connection with the first power source and another end for electrical connection with the first switch module.
3. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch module comprises a first switch, a control end of the first switch is electrically connected to the gate of the upper tube, a first conduction end of the first switch is electrically connected to the current source module, and a second conduction end of the first switch is electrically connected to the second switch module and the charge-discharge module, respectively.
4. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 1, wherein the second switch module comprises a second switch, a control end of the second switch is electrically connected to the control module, a first conduction end of the second switch is electrically connected to the first switch module and the charge-discharge module, respectively, and a second conduction end of the second switch is electrically connected to the resistor module.
5. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 1, wherein the resistor module comprises a first resistor having a first end electrically connected to the second switch module and a second end for ground.
6. The power supply adjustment circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the charge-discharge module includes a charge-discharge unit and a filter unit, the charge-discharge unit is electrically connected to the first switch module, the second switch module, and the filter unit, respectively, the filter unit is electrically connected to the control module, and the charge-discharge unit and the filter unit are both grounded;
the charging and discharging unit is used for outputting the target reference voltage to the filtering unit according to the charging current; the filtering unit is used for filtering the target reference voltage and outputting the filtered target reference voltage to the control module.
7. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 6, wherein the charge-discharge unit comprises a first capacitor, a positive electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first switch module, the second switch module and the filter unit, respectively, and a negative electrode of the first capacitor is used for grounding.
8. The power supply adjustment circuit of claim 6, wherein the filter unit comprises a second resistor and a second capacitor, a first end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the charge and discharge unit, the first switch module and the second switch module, respectively, and a second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to an anode of the second capacitor and the control module, respectively, and a cathode of the second capacitor is used for grounding.
9. A buck converter comprising an upper tube, a lower tube, a transformer, a primary output module, a secondary output module, a control module, a zero crossing detection module, and the power supply regulation circuit of any one of claims 1-8; the drain electrode of the upper tube is electrically connected with a second power supply, the source electrode of the upper tube is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the lower tube, one end of a primary winding of the transformer and the zero-crossing detection module respectively, the connection positions of the drain electrode of the upper tube and the primary winding are called as switch nodes, the source electrode of the lower tube is electrically connected with a first ground, the other end of the primary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with the primary output module, the primary output module is electrically connected with a primary load, one end of a secondary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with a second ground, the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer is electrically connected with the secondary output module, the secondary output module is electrically connected with a second ground, and the control module is electrically connected with a grid electrode of the upper tube, a grid electrode of the lower tube, the detection module, the primary output module, a first switch module in the power supply regulation circuit, a second switch module in the power supply regulation circuit and a zero-crossing regulation circuit respectively;
the control module is used for outputting a first control signal and a second control signal to the power supply adjusting circuit; the first control signal is a signal for controlling the upper pipe to be conducted; when the upper pipe and the lower pipe are both turned off, the second control signal keeps a low-level signal in a preset time, and when the upper pipe is turned on or the lower pipe is turned on, the second control signal is a high-level signal; the power supply adjusting circuit is used for outputting a target reference voltage to the control module according to the first control signal and the second control signal; the control module is used for adjusting the conduction time of the upper tube according to the target reference voltage; the zero-crossing detection module is used for detecting current at the switch node, and outputting a zero-crossing detection signal to the control module when the current is zero; the control module is used for controlling the lower tube to be turned off according to the zero-crossing detection signal and starting timing, and controlling the lower tube to be turned on when the timing time is longer than the preset time so as to keep the first output voltage output by the primary output module stable.
10. A direct current power supply comprising the buck converter of claim 9.
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