CN117078451A - Fish proliferation and release site selection method based on natural domestication principle - Google Patents
Fish proliferation and release site selection method based on natural domestication principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a selection method of a fish proliferation and release site based on a natural domestication principle, and belongs to the technical field of fish resource protection. The selection method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: investigation of the current situation of fish resources in a research area, and key habitat factors of natural growth of fish after proliferation and release and threshold values of the key habitat factors; establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to hydrologic, water quality, topography and meteorological basic data of a research area, screening positions meeting natural domestication conditions in the research area by combining key factors and threshold values thereof, and preliminarily determining potential releasing area positions based on the minimum area of proliferation releasing requirements; comprehensively considering the influence of environmental factors and human factors, and determining the optimal proliferation and release place after comparison analysis. The method provided by the invention can be used for selecting the sites for breeding and releasing fishes, so that the time consumption for the advanced domestication of fishes can be effectively reduced, the breeding and releasing efficiency can be improved, the survival rate of the fishes after releasing can be increased, and the breeding and releasing effects can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish resource protection, in particular to a method for selecting a fish proliferation and release place based on a natural domestication principle.
Background
The proliferation and releasing effect evaluation shows that the artificial proliferation and releasing of fish still does not reach the expected proliferation and protecting effect of fish. Billions of salmon raised annually in 5109 fish farms worldwide have less than 5% of juvenile fish grown to adult individuals. The main city of the Yangtze river basin in 2019 breeds and releases various fishes in nearly 40 hundred million, the contribution of the released fishes to the wild population is only between 0.45 percent and 1.9 percent, and the maximum value is less than 10 percent. One of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory proliferation and release effects is that the artificially bred juvenile fish are in still water or a low-flow-rate pond for a long time, the water flow resistance is poor, and the survival rate is often not high after the juvenile fish are directly released into a high-flow-rate field environment. Wild training is recommended by partial scholars as a potential means for improving the survival rate of released fish. Before the proliferation and releasing of the fishes, relevant work researches on the proliferation and releasing site selection based on the natural domestication principle are carried out, so that the time consumption of the advanced domestication of the fishes can be effectively reduced, the proliferation and releasing efficiency is improved, the survival rate of the fishes after releasing is increased, and the proliferation and releasing effects are guaranteed. Proper site selection is a key factor for determining the artificial proliferation and release effects of fish.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a selection method of fish proliferation and release sites based on natural domestication principle, which can guide the proliferation and release activities of the fish in the river basin and has important theoretical and practical significance for maintaining the wild population quantity and ecological protection of the fish in the river basin.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a selection method of fish proliferation and release sites based on natural domestication principle comprises the following steps:
s1, investigating the current situation of fish resources in a research area, and determining target fish;
s2, determining key habitat factors affecting natural growth of target fishes after proliferation and release and a threshold value of the key habitat factors;
s3, establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to hydrology, water quality, topography and meteorological basic data of a research area, screening positions meeting natural domestication conditions in the research area by combining key factors and threshold values in the S2, and primarily determining potential releasing area positions based on minimum area of proliferation releasing requirements;
s4, comprehensively considering the influence of environmental factors and human factors, and determining the optimal proliferation and release place after comparison analysis.
The invention surveys the current situation of fish resources in a research area and determines target fish.
In the invention, the current situation of the fish resource in the investigation region is preferably the population quantity of fish in the investigation region, the structure of the fish population, the fishery utilization condition and the variation rule of the fish population and quantity; the target fish is preferably determined according to dominant species, economic benefit and biological effect in the research area.
The invention determines the key habitat factors affecting natural growth of target fishes after proliferation and release and the threshold value thereof.
In the invention, the key habitat factors and the threshold values thereof are empirically determined according to indoor experiments and the prior literature records and by combining the target fishes and the relevant domesticated data thereof.
In the invention, the key habitat factors are preferably water depth h, flow velocity v and training period D;
wherein, the threshold value of the water depth h is calculated as:
h suit ＝{h|h∈[h min ，h max ]}
in the formula, h suit The water depth, m, of a river which is suitable for natural domestication of fish is suitable; h is a min The lower limit of the water depth of a river suitable for natural domestication of fishes is m; h is a min The upper limit of the water depth of a river suitable for natural domestication of fishes is m;
the threshold value of the flow velocity v is calculated as:
v suit ＝{v|v∈[v min ，v max ]}
in the formula, v suit The natural domestication of fish is suitable for river flow rate, m/s; v min The lower limit of the flow rate of a river suitable for natural domestication of fish is m/s; v min The upper limit of the flow rate of a river suitable for natural domestication of fish is m/s;
the threshold value of the training period is calculated as:
D suit ＝{D|D∈[D min ，D max ]}
wherein D is suit D, a minimum domestication period for natural domestication of fish; d (D) min D, a lower limit of a proper river flow rate for natural domestication of fish; d (D) min And d, the upper limit of the river flow rate is suitable for natural domestication of fish.
According to the method, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is built according to hydrology, water quality, topography and meteorological basic data of a research area, the key factors and threshold values of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model are screened out, the positions meeting natural domestication conditions in the research area are screened out, and the positions of potential releasing areas are preliminarily determined based on the minimum area of proliferation releasing requirements.
In the invention, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model preferably utilizes a frequency analysis method to determine typical representative years, establishes a hydrodynamic model of a research area according to the hydrodynamic condition of the plain water years, simulates the hydrodynamic state of the research area, adopts historical actual measurement data to verify hydrodynamic simulation results, and ensures the reliability of the data; the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model adopts a plane two-dimensional mathematical model of water depth average, and the basic control equation is as follows:
in the invention, the positions meeting the natural domestication conditions in the screening research area are screened by taking the key habitat factors and the threshold values thereof as limiting conditions, and the formula is as follows:
wherein n is the hydrodynamic model grid number; a is that i For the area corresponding to the ith hydrodynamic grid, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Delta (h) is a water depth screening function of natural domestication conditions of the ith grid fish in the research area; delta (v) is a natural domestication condition flow rate screening function of the ith grid fish in the research area; delta (D) is the natural domestication condition domestication periodic function of the ith grid fish in the research area.
In the invention, the minimum area in the S3 is calculated to meet the proliferation and releasing requirements according to the limitation of fish feeding density and the number of fish fries actually subjected to the proliferation and releasing plan; extracting a position of the research area larger than the minimum area meeting the proliferation and releasing requirements as a potential proliferation and releasing place;
the calculation formula of the minimum area is as follows:
wherein A is the minimum area, and the unit is mu; n (N) 1 The unit is the tail for the total discharge quantity; n (N) 2 The unit is tail/mu for stocking density.
The invention comprehensively considers the influence of environmental factors and human factors, and determines the optimal proliferation and release place after comparison analysis.
In the present invention, the environmental factors preferably include a primary selected area temperature, transparency, transmittance, suspended matter, zooplankton, phytoplankton, submerged plant, predator, and the human factors preferably include traffic convenience, ship overspray, sewage discharge, and transportation distance.
In the invention, the comparison analysis is preferably to construct an evaluation index system of the potential proliferation and release area, calculate the evaluation index scores of environmental factors and human factors, and compare and obtain the optimal proliferation and release place.
In the present invention, the comparative analysis includes:
SS1, building a hierarchical structure: classifying all relevant factors into an overall system, and constructing a hierarchical structure model after considering explicit targets, criteria, methods, constraint conditions and corresponding index ranges and fully and comprehensively considering the factors; the hierarchical model is shown in FIG. 1; generally, each layer is divided into a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, a scheme layer and the like, and each factor of the same layer depends on or has influence on the factor of the upper layer, and simultaneously governs or is influenced by the factor of the lower layer; the highest layer is the target layer, and generally, only 1 factor is used for representing the target to be achieved; the lowest layer is typically the solution or object layer, representing how the problem is solved; one or more layers, typically a criterion or index layer, may be located between the highest and lowest layers, representing constraint factors and criteria for achieving the target layer;
SS2, construct a matrix and perform consistency check: for factors influencing the proliferation and releasing effects, classifying all relevant factors into an overall system, and constructing a hierarchical structure model by considering definite targets, criteria, methods, constraint conditions and corresponding index ranges and fully and comprehensively considering the factors; obtaining the opinion of more than ten authoritative experts in the field by adopting a mail contact way, scoring different influencing factors, constructing a contrast matrix, carrying out consistency test on the constructed contrast matrix, introducing an index CI as an index for measuring the consistency degree of the matrix, and introducing a group of average random consistency indexes RI because of different order matrixes with different error judging standards; the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A is a preferential place for proliferation and release; lambda is the characteristic root; n is the number of comparison judgment matrixes; CR is a test coefficient, RI is the average of random variables, and CI is a matrix consistency index.
Wherein, the average random consistency index is shown in table 1; when the order is greater than 2, the ratio CR of CI to RI is called random consistency ratio, when CR < 0.1, the contrast matrix can meet the consistency requirement, otherwise, the contrast matrix is reconstructed until the contrast matrix meets the consistency requirement;
TABLE 1 average random uniformity index
And SS3, sorting by adopting a method of maximum characteristic root and characteristic vector according to the calculated weight of each factor of each layer on the importance of the previous layer, adding the weight of each element of each layer on the influence of each element of each layer on the target layer to the scheme layer of the lowest layer, and comparing to obtain the optimal proliferation and release place.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the invention provides a method for selecting fish proliferation and release sites based on a natural domestication principle, which comprises the following steps: investigation of the current situation of fish resources in the research area and determination of target fish; determining a key habitat factor affecting natural growth of the target fish after proliferation and release and a threshold value of the key habitat factor; establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to hydrologic, water quality, topography and meteorological basic data of a research area, screening positions meeting natural domestication conditions in the research area by combining key factors and threshold values thereof, and preliminarily determining potential releasing area positions based on the minimum area of proliferation releasing requirements; comprehensively considering the influence of environmental factors and human factors, and determining the optimal proliferation and release place after comparison analysis. The method provided by the invention is used for selecting the sites for breeding and releasing fishes, so that the time consumption for the advanced domestication of fishes can be effectively reduced, the breeding and releasing efficiency is improved, the survival rate of the released fishes is increased, the breeding and releasing effect is ensured, and the method has important theoretical and practical significance for maintaining the wild population quantity of the fishes in the river basin and protecting ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical model of an analytic hierarchy process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Pirson type III graph of the area of investigation upstream of the Yangtze river;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the annual daily flow rate of the beach hydrologic station upstream of the Yangtze river;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the annual daily flow rate of a Zhu Tuo hydrologic station upstream of the Yangtze river;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a yearly daily water level at a north-arch hydrologic station upstream of the Yangtze river;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a water level verification result of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a research area upstream of the Yangtze river;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of potential release areas initially determined based on proliferation release natural acclimation principles;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a preferred hierarchical index layer construction for a proliferation and release site;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a final optimization selection of proliferation and discharge addresses.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are further illustrated, but are not limited to the following examples. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples and test examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially unless otherwise specified; the methods used in the examples and test examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of taking a river section upstream of the Yangtze river as a research area, and selecting a fish value-added releasing place in the research area as shown in figure 1.
(1) And carrying out investigation on the current situation of fish resources, and determining target fish by combining the actual requirements of local proliferation and release.
The river section of the research area contains four large-scale domestic fish protection areas, and the four large-scale domestic fish are dominant species with higher abundance in the research area. However, in the recent fishing of fishermen, the ratio of four large fishes is obviously reduced, the population quantity of the four large fishes in the river reach is reflected to gradually slide down, corresponding compensation measures are urgently needed to recover the population quantity of the four large fishes, and finally, the representative target fishes with proliferation and release requirements in the research area are determined to be grass carps. One of grass carp and freshwater fish species is commonly called as: grass carp, grass carp grass carp, grass carp grass root, green mixture, seed mixture, etc., cyprinus family, genus grass carp. Grass carp is a typical herbivorous fish, inhabits rivers and lakes in plain areas, and generally prefers to reside in the middle-lower layer of water and in the near-shore waterweed area. Active, swimming quickly, and foraging in groups. The young grass carp is fed with larvae, algae, etc., and the grass carp is fed with meat, such as earthworm, dragonfly, etc. The distribution is wide. Under natural conditions, oviposition in still water is not possible. The spawning site is usually selected from the river junction of the river main stream, the deep-groove water area at one side of the river curve and the river sections suddenly contracted at two sides as the proper spawning site.
2) Aiming at the determined target fish, combining indoor experiments and existing literature records, and determining key factors and threshold values thereof influencing natural growth of the target fish after proliferation and release according to fish domestication related data experience.
When grass carp is a target fish, larvae are usually adopted for propagation and release, the body length is 10 cm-15 cm, and the dissolved oxygen requirement is more than 7.0mg/L. According to the related research results of the former people on fish domestication, the relation between the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of the fish and the body length of grass carp isWhen the juvenile grass carp is domesticated under the condition of 0.6Ucrit, the flow speed threshold value of the juvenile grass carp during proliferation and release can be determined to be 0.60-0.85 m/s;
combining related researches to find ((1) Li Jiasheng, fang Dian, xu Dongpo, et al, anqing segment mandarin fish of the genus Siniperca (Siniperca) space-time characteristics and influence factors, university of Dalian ocean university, 1-13[2022-12-11] (2) He Xiaohui. The prediction of fish early resource space-time dynamics of the lake outlet Jiang Duan of the Yangtze river and spawning ground of the domestic fish, shanghai ocean university, 2021 (3) Liao Zhikai. The study of water flow and topography characteristics of fish habitat of the Yangtze river from the Yangtze river to the Fengshu segment, chongqing traffic university, 2021), the distribution density of the young grass carp is highest when the water depth is 13 cm-20 m in a field environment, so that the water depth threshold value when the grass carp is proliferated and released is 13 cm-20 m can be obtained; in order to ensure the domestication effect of the fish under natural conditions after proliferation and release, the domestication time which can keep the long-time domestication effect after the grass carp is subjected to exercise training is studied through the past literature experience (table 2), and the domestication time (the time of continuously keeping the flow velocity and the water depth threshold value in the field) is obtained through comparative analysis and is 3 weeks; according to the grass carp cultivation technical specification (DB 51/T757-2007), under the artificial cultivation environment, the stocking density of 10 cm-15 cm (30 g-50 g) grass carp is 500 tails/mu, and the minimum area meeting the requirements can be calculated by combining the number of grass carp fries actually subjected to proliferation and release planning.
h suit ＝{h|h∈[13，20]}
v suit ＝{v|v∈[0.6，0.85]}
D suit ＝{D|D∈[21，+∞]}
TABLE 2 duration of training of grass carp by scholars at home and abroad
(3) A typical river section with fish proliferation and release requirements on the upper reaches of the Yangtze river of China is selected to establish a hydrodynamic model, and in order to enable the calculation period to cover the runoff change of the research area as much as possible, a pearson III-type curve (figure 3) is utilized to calculate typical years, and the calculation years are determined; the measured flow rate of the nearby hydrologic station is used as an inlet boundary condition (fig. 4 and 5) at the upstream of the river reach, the measured water level of the nearby hydrologic station is used as an outlet boundary condition (fig. 6) at the downstream of the river reach, a hydrodynamic model is calculated, and the measured data are used for verification (fig. 7).
Typical year predictions were made using pearson type III curves. The Pearson III type curve is a finite one-end infinite one-end unpaired unimodal curve, is a frequency curve commonly used in current hydrologic calculation, and has a probability density function of:
wherein: Γ (α) is a gamma function of α; alpha, beta, alpha 0 The shape, scale and position parameters of the pearson III type distribution are respectively alpha > 0 and beta > 0.
The hydrologic frequency analysis is generally used to calculate the value x of the random variable corresponding to the set frequency P p Find that x is equal to or greater than p The cumulative frequency P value of (2) is:
in the frequency calculation, x corresponding to each P is obtained from a special table look-up table prepared by variable conversion p 。
Quantitatively screening a research area based on a threshold value of key factors (flow velocity, water depth and training duration) affecting natural domestication effects of target fishes after proliferation and release, and calculating area capable of meeting conditions in a river channel of the research area, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
different fishes have different life habits and have different requirements on the area of the growing environment. According to the grass carp cultivation technical specification (DB 51/T757-2007), the stocking density of 10-15 cm (30-50 g) grass carp is 500 ends/mu under the artificial cultivation environment. Considering that under the field natural condition, the grass carp stocking density is determined to be 400 tails/mu due to the fact that the amount of food and bait is smaller than that under the cultivation condition. According to the proliferation and release plan (table 3) of the project of ecological environment compensation measures and effect evaluation of channel repair projects from the top of the Yangtze river to the Fuling river, the minimum area of grass carp is 250 mu (about 166750 m) according to the calculation of the minimum area 2 )。
TABLE 3 Fish proliferation and release program
Extracting the region meeting natural domestication conditions of fish with a survival area larger than the minimum survival area to obtain potential proliferation and release sites, as shown in figure 8, wherein P1-P6 in figure 8 are potential release sites.
(4) For the regions which are screened out in different seasons and are suitable for proliferation and releasing activities, chemical and biological factors such as climate, temperature, bait supply, predators, dissolved oxygen, competitors and the like at the time and factors such as the influence of transportation of fish fries and ship oversea after releasing on releasing fishes during artificial proliferation and releasing are fully considered, and the proliferation and releasing site index system of the natural domestication principle is constructed by taking the main factors of abundant bait supply, good chemical and biological conditions, convenient transportation and small influence of human activities as the consideration, as shown in figure 9.
And determining weights of all factors of the main criterion layer and all factors of the secondary criterion layer according to anonymous scoring results of the index importance degree by an expert, wherein the results indicate that the habitat factors occupy the largest weight, and comprehensively analyzing to obtain a total sorting weight value table to obtain a weight ratio result of all single factors (table 4). The scores of the respective schemes were calculated by subjective fuzzy scoring and objective quantitative scoring methods in combination with the actual conditions of the regions represented by the respective schemes (table 5) (table 6).
Table 4 total ranking weight value for proliferation and playback addressing
Table 5 summary of evaluation index scoring table for each protocol
TABLE 6 final score table for each protocol
Finally, the place with the highest weighted value is taken as the proliferation and release address which is finally selected and meets the natural domestication requirement, as shown in fig. 10.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for selecting the fish proliferation and release sites based on the natural domestication principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, investigating the current situation of fish resources in a research area, and determining target fish;
s2, determining key habitat factors affecting natural growth of target fishes after proliferation and release and a threshold value of the key habitat factors;
s3, establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to hydrology, water quality, topography and meteorological basic data of a research area, screening positions meeting natural domestication conditions in the research area by combining key factors and threshold values in the S2, and primarily determining potential releasing area positions based on minimum area of proliferation releasing requirements;
s4, comprehensively considering the influence of environmental factors and human factors, and determining the optimal proliferation and release place after comparison analysis.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the current condition of fish resources in the investigation region in S1 is a variation law of population number, structure of fish population, fishery utilization condition, fish population and number of fish in the investigation region.
3. The method for selecting a fish proliferation and release site according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the target fish determined in S1 is determined according to dominant population, economic benefit and biological effect in the research area.
4. The method for selecting a fish proliferation and release site according to claim 1, wherein the key habitat factors in S2 are water depth h, flow velocity v and training period D;
wherein, the threshold value of the water depth h is calculated as:
h suit ＝{h|h∈[h min ，h max ]}
in the formula, h suit The water depth, m, of a river which is suitable for natural domestication of fish is suitable; h is a min The lower limit of the water depth of a river suitable for natural domestication of fishes is m; h is a min The upper limit of the water depth of a river suitable for natural domestication of fishes is m;
the threshold value of the flow velocity v is calculated as:
v suit ＝{u|v∈[v mia ，v max ]}
in the formula, v suit The natural domestication of fish is suitable for river flow rate, m/s; v min The lower limit of the flow rate of a river suitable for natural domestication of fish is m/s; v min The upper limit of the flow rate of a river suitable for natural domestication of fish is m/s;
the threshold value of the training period is calculated as:
D suit ＝{D|D∈[D min ，D max ]}
wherein D is suit D, a minimum domestication period for natural domestication of fish; d (D) min D, a lower limit of a proper river flow rate for natural domestication of fish; d (D) min And d, the upper limit of the river flow rate is suitable for natural domestication of fish.
5. The method for selecting fish proliferation and release sites according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model in S3 is a typical representative year determined by using a frequency analysis method, a hydrodynamic model of a research area is built according to hydrodynamic conditions of the water year, the hydrodynamic state of the research area is simulated, and the hydrodynamic simulation result is verified by adopting historical actual measurement data, so that the data reliability is ensured.
6. The method for selecting fish proliferation and release sites according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the screening research area in S3 satisfies natural domestication conditions by using the key habitat factors in S2 and the threshold values thereof as limiting conditions, and the formula is as follows:
wherein n is the hydrodynamic model grid number; a is that i For the area corresponding to the ith hydrodynamic grid, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Delta (h) is a water depth screening function of natural domestication conditions of the ith grid fish in the research area; delta (v) is a natural domestication condition flow rate screening function of the ith grid fish in the research area; delta (D) is the natural domestication condition domestication periodic function of the ith grid fish in the research area.
7. The method for selecting a fish proliferation and release site according to claim 1, wherein the minimum area in S3 is calculated by combining the number of fish fries actually subjected to proliferation and release planning according to fish feeding density limitation to obtain the minimum area meeting the proliferation and release requirements; extracting a position of the research area larger than the minimum area meeting the proliferation and releasing requirements as a potential proliferation and releasing place;
the calculation formula of the minimum area is as follows:
wherein A is the minimum area of the area, unitIs acre of mu; n (N) 1 The unit is the tail for the total discharge quantity; n (N) 2 The unit is tail/mu for stocking density.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental factors in S4 include temperature, transparency, transmittance, suspended matter, zooplankton, phytoplankton, submerged plant, predator, and the human factors include convenience of transportation, navigation of vessels, sewage discharge, and transportation distance.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the comparison analysis in S4 is to construct an evaluation index system of the potential proliferation and release area, calculate the evaluation index scores of environmental factors and human factors, and compare and obtain the optimal proliferation and release location.
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