CN117073539A - Piezoelectric ceramic bit output characteristic testing device and method - Google Patents
Piezoelectric ceramic bit output characteristic testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/026—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring distance between sensor and object
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/04—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring elastic deformation of gauges, e.g. of springs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of piezoelectric ceramic characteristic measurement, and provides a piezoelectric ceramic power position output characteristic testing device and method. The method has the advantages that the pressure sensor is arranged in the testing device, the external force applied to the piezoelectric ceramic can be obtained in real time, the spring at the front end can provide allowance for the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic while applying pressure, the damage of the piezoelectric ceramic is avoided, and the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic can be measured by the laser displacement sensor. The laser displacement sensor adopts a floating design, avoids the deformation influence of structural members, and ensures that the measuring head end and the measuring tail end are consistent with the ceramic elongation displacement. In order to ensure the neutrality of the ceramic, the device adopts a spherical matching structure for pretightening. The output displacement measurement of the piezoelectric ceramics under different driving voltages and different stress states is realized. The mode of bolt pretension and spring force can guarantee that ceramic receives the directional load that the size is stable in extension action. The whole test method can ensure the synchronous and accurate measurement of force and position and has the characteristics of compact structure, simple and convenient control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of piezoelectric ceramic characteristic measurement, in particular to a device and a method for testing the output characteristic of a piezoelectric ceramic power position.
Background
The dynamic stability derivative is a key parameter for analysis and design of the stability and controllability of the aircraft, and has important influence on the design of a control system and the flight quality of the aircraft. With the continuous development of aircraft systems to high speed and accurate, performance requirements on aircraft design are also continuously improved, wherein dynamic derivatives including damping derivatives, cross derivatives and cross coupling derivatives generated by the aircraft under ultrahigh speed and large-amplitude maneuver play a vital guiding role on the appearance analysis and design of the aircraft, for example: the cross-coupled derivatives of longitudinal motion of the aircraft at large angles of attack significantly affect the stability of the aircraft. Since the effects of pure rotational velocity and translational acceleration cannot be separated in conventional forced vibration tests, a combined dynamic derivative is given. In general, some mathematical models use combined dynamic derivatives, and the predicted flight characteristics given are reasonably consistent with the actual conditions. However, this approximation does not apply in any case, for example: using rotation forced oscillation data to represent the derivative resulting from the pure rotation angular rate may produce a non-negligible deviation at large angles of attack. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the dynamic derivatives of pitch, yaw and roll directions and their coupling effects to improve the predictive effect of aircraft flight characteristics.
The multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic derivative experiment of the aircraft in the high-speed wind tunnel faces the following difficulties: firstly, a driving element is required to drive a model in a limited space to complete multidimensional complex excitation movement, and secondly, the driving element is required to resist transient multidimensional load under a complex flow field environment and output precise movement; finally, the working conditions of the measuring and calculating tasks of various dynamic derivatives are different, and in order to enhance the adaptation degree of the test mechanism, the driving element is required to have the capabilities of high bearing, high rigidity, wide frequency response and the like, so that the conventional dynamic derivative test mechanism is not applicable any more. The stacked piezoelectric ceramic driver structurally arranges the piezoelectric ceramic plates in series, adopts parallel connection between the piezoelectric ceramic plates on a circuit, has the characteristics of high response speed, compact structure and the like, has small volume of piezoelectric ceramic, large ratio of driving force to energy consumption, can efficiently convert electric energy into mechanical energy, and can achieve better driving effect as a dynamic derivative test device actuator. However, the physical characteristics of the piezoelectric material enable the piezoelectric material to have nonlinear characteristics such as hysteresis, creep and the like, and the load limits of the piezoelectric material in all directions are different, so that the axial load capacity is far greater than that of the piezoelectric material in tangential direction, and the axial stress of the piezoelectric ceramic is required to be ensured to enhance the reliability of the device. When the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is stressed, the output displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic can be relatively reduced, the rigidity time-varying nonlinear characteristic is presented, and the control precision of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator in practical application is seriously affected. Therefore, the stress limit and the output displacement characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic under different driving voltages and load states need to be tested and researched. The conventional piezoelectric ceramic displacement measuring device and method do not consider the coupling relation between the load characteristic and the output displacement characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic.
Chen Shenghua et al, patent CN202121375877.0 discloses a piezoelectric ceramic actuator displacement measuring device. The device utilizes piezoceramics driver to promote the weak portion to produce the deformation, and high accuracy foil gage pastes in the weak portion department of frame, measures the displacement, can improve piezoceramics driver's torsional strength own greatly. Pei Shixin et al, in the patent CN201820915686.0, disclose a piezoelectric ceramic actuator displacement measuring device based on michelson interference principle. The method comprises the steps of controlling the plane reflecting mirror to move by changing the working voltage of the piezoelectric material, and measuring the moving number of interference fringes to obtain the relation between the displacement of the piezoelectric material and the loading voltage. However, the device does not consider the influence of external force on the ceramic output, and only the output of the piezoelectric ceramic when no load exists can be represented.
Rong Weibin et al, in the patent CN201610891447.1, disclose an active piezoelectric ceramic maximum output force measuring device. The device has high rigidity, can realize that the displacement output is zero when the piezoelectric ceramic power is output, and can accurately measure the force output value when different displacement outputs are calibrated. However, the device utilizes the large-rigidity structure to fix the piezoelectric ceramic displacement, ignores the influence of external force on the piezoelectric ceramic, only can measure the maximum output force of the ceramic when a certain displacement amount is achieved, and cannot obtain the corresponding relation of the piezoelectric ceramic force displacement under the action of different external forces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a device and a method for testing the output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, which realize the output displacement measurement of the piezoelectric ceramics under different driving voltages and different stress states.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the piezoelectric ceramic position output characteristic testing device comprises a parallel block 1, a main body 2, a spring 4, a front end bearing plate 5, a laser displacement sensor 7, a sensor positioning plate 8, a cantilever 9, a rear end bearing plate 11, a pressure sensor 13, piezoelectric ceramics 14, a movable base 15, a main body base 18, a cylindrical cover 19, an adjustable supporting block 20 and a force transmission stud 22; the main body base 18 is L-shaped, one side of the main body base is fixedly connected with one end of the main body 2, and the other side of the main body base is fixed on one side of the main body 2 through the adjustable supporting block 20; the bottom of the main body 2 is provided with a trapezoid groove, one end of an adjustable supporting block 20 is arranged in the trapezoid groove to support the main body 2; the main body 2 is internally provided with 3 cylindrical grooves with different sizes, a spring 4 and a front end bearing plate 5 are arranged in a first cylindrical groove, and the bottom of the first cylindrical groove is provided with a transverse groove; one end of the front end bearing plate 5 is connected with the parallel block 1, and the parallel block 1 moves in the transverse groove; one side of the front end bearing plate 5 is a bulge, the spring 4 is sleeved on the bulge, and two ends of the spring are respectively contacted with the inner wall of the first cylindrical groove and the front end bearing plate 5; the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is arranged in the second cylindrical groove; the third cylindrical groove is internally provided with a rear end bearing plate 11; the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 are respectively contacted with the front end bearing plate 5 and the rear end bearing plate 11 through the movable base; one end of the rear end bearing plate 11 is connected with the pressure sensor 13 through a force transmission stud 22; the pressure sensor 13 is fixed on one side of the main body base 18; the other end of the rear end bearing plate 11 is connected with one end of the cantilever 9; the other end of the cantilever 9 is connected with a sensor positioning plate 8; a laser displacement sensor 7 is arranged on the sensor positioning plate 8; a cylindrical cover 19 is mounted on the body 2.
The method for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position is based on the device for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position, and the output displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic under different driving voltages and different stress states is measured; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step: assembling a piezoelectric ceramic bit output characteristic testing device; the laser displacement sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 13 are connected with a data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is sequentially connected with the upper computer, the real-time controller and the power amplifier; mounting the piezoelectric ceramic 14 on a piezoelectric ceramic force level output characteristic testing device, and applying a pretightening force to the piezoelectric ceramic 14; the power amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics 14;
and a second step of: input signals with different sizes, different frequencies and different waveforms are applied to the piezoelectric ceramic 14, so that a piezoelectric ceramic preset experiment is completed;
and a third step of: the upper computer collects data output by the laser displacement sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 13, and the piezoelectric ceramic 14 displacement values and corresponding pressure values under different voltages are obtained after the data are processed.
The displacement value and the corresponding pressure value of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 are specifically as follows:
the laser displacement sensor 7 comprises a laser, a CCD camera and a photosensitive element; the laser emitted by the laser device and the normal line of the object surface form a certain angle to be incident on the surface of the object to be measured, the reflected light and the scattered light are converged and imaged by the lens at the O position, and finally collected by the photosensitive element;
the included angle between the incident light AB and the base line AC is alpha, AO is the distance between the center of the laser and the center of the CCD camera, OE is the focal length f of the lens, and D is the limit position of the reflected light on the photosensitive element when the measured object is far from the base line infinity; DF is the displacement of the light spot deviating from the limit position on the photosensitive unit and is marked as x; delta ABO-Delta DOF, there is a side length relationship:
when the measured surface and the base line AO generate relative displacement, x is changed into x', and the displacement value y of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is obtained by the conditions:
in the pressure sensor 13 the strain gauge is arranged as a wheatstone bridge, which deflects when pressure is applied;
the stress magnitude of the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is given by the formula (5):
where Δl represents a displacement value of the piezoelectric ceramic 14, E represents an elastic modulus of the piezoelectric ceramic 14, S represents a cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric ceramic 14, and L is a length of the piezoelectric ceramic 14.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device and the method for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position are provided, and output displacement measurement of the piezoelectric ceramic under different driving voltages and different stress states is realized. The built-in pressure sensor of the piezoelectric ceramic force position output characteristic testing device can acquire the pressure born by the piezoelectric ceramic in real time, the high-stiffness spring at the front end can provide allowance for the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic when the pressure is applied, the free expansion and contraction of the ceramic under a stable load are ensured, the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic can be measured by the laser displacement sensor, and high-precision data can be provided for dynamic modeling and the like of the piezoelectric ceramic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a piezoelectric ceramic force level output characteristic testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for testing the output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic force bits according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a device for testing the output characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic force bits according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a center section of a piezoelectric ceramic and a pressure sensor;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the body;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a laser displacement sensor;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the pressure sensor.
In the figure: 1-parallel block, 2-body, 3-cylindrical cap set screw, 4-spring, 5-front end bearing plate, 6-laser displacement sensor set screw, 7-laser displacement sensor, 8-sensor locating plate, 9-cantilever, 10-locating plate set screw, 11-back end bearing plate, 12-cantilever set screw, 13-pressure sensor, 14-piezoceramic, 15-motion base, 16-locating pin, 17-body set screw, 18-body base, 19-cylindrical cap, 20-adjustable support block, 21-force sensor set screw, 22-force conduction stud.
Detailed Description
The implementation process of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the technical scheme and the attached drawings.
The pressure sensor 13 is arranged in the piezoelectric ceramic force position output characteristic testing device, external force borne by the piezoelectric ceramic 14 can be obtained in real time, the front-end spring 4 can provide allowance for the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic while applying pressure, the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is prevented from being damaged, and the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 can be measured by the laser displacement sensor 7. The laser displacement sensor 7 adopts a floating design, avoids the deformation influence of structural members, and ensures that the measuring head end and the measuring tail end are consistent with the extension displacement of the piezoelectric ceramics. In order to ensure the neutrality of the piezoelectric ceramic, the piezoelectric ceramic power position output characteristic testing device adopts a spherical matching structure for pretightening. The mode of bolt pretension and spring force can guarantee that ceramic receives the directional load that the size is stable in extension action. The whole test method can ensure the synchronous and accurate measurement of force and position and has the characteristics of compact structure, simple and convenient control and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the method is as follows:
the first step: assembling a piezoelectric ceramic bit output characteristic testing device; mounting the piezoelectric ceramic 14 on a piezoelectric ceramic force level output characteristic testing device, and applying a pretightening force to the piezoelectric ceramic 14;
as shown in FIG. 1, the piezoelectric ceramic power bit output characteristic testing device, the power amplifier, the real-time controller, the data acquisition device, the upper computer and the like form a piezoelectric ceramic data acquisition hardware system. The structure of the testing device is shown in figures 3, 4 and 5, the parallel block 1 fixes the front end bearing plate 5 at the front end of the main body 2 through threaded connection, so that the perpendicularity between the front end bearing plate 5 and the main body 2 is ensured; the rear end bearing plate 11 is matched with the groove of the main body 2 to determine verticality; the movable bases 15 at the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 are respectively matched with the grooves in the middle of the front end bearing plate 5 and the rear end bearing plate 11 so as to ensure that the ceramic output measured by the pressure sensor 13 is axial output; the bottom of the main body 2 is provided with a trapezoid groove, and the main body is positioned and supported in a matched manner by a positioning pin 16 and an adjustable supporting block 20 and a main body base 18, so that the main body is kept in a horizontal state; the main body 2 is connected with the main body base 18 through the main body set screw 17, and different initial pretightening forces can be applied to the piezoelectric ceramics 14 through the main body set screw 17; the pressure sensor 13 is connected with the main body base 18 through a pressure sensor set screw 21; the rear end bearing plate 11 is connected with the pressure sensor 13 through a force transmission stud 22, so that the stress of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 can be transmitted to the pressure sensor in real time, and meanwhile, the position of the rear end bearing plate 11 can be determined; the cantilever 9 is connected with the rear end bearing plate 11 through a cantilever set screw 12; the sensor positioning plate 8 is connected with the cantilever 9 through a positioning plate set screw 10; the laser displacement sensor 7 is connected with the sensor positioning plate 8 through a laser displacement sensor set screw 6, the laser displacement sensor 7 is fixed, and the output displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is obtained by measuring the relative distance between the laser displacement sensor 7 and the front end bearing plate 5; the cylindrical cover 19 is connected with the main body 2 through the cylindrical cover fastening screw 3, so that the inner parts of the main body can be prevented from falling out.
And a second step of: input signals with different sizes, different frequencies and different waveforms are applied to the piezoelectric ceramic 14, so that a piezoelectric ceramic preset experiment is completed;
and a third step of: the upper computer collects data output by the laser displacement sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 13, and the piezoelectric ceramic 14 displacement values and corresponding pressure values under different voltages are obtained after the data are processed.
In summary, the force bit output characteristic data of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is obtained by the piezoelectric ceramic test system.
In the laser displacement sensor 7, a laser, a CCD camera, and a photosensitive element are the main components of the laser displacement sensor. As shown in the light path diagram of fig. 6, laser emitted by the laser device and the normal line of the object surface form a certain angle to be incident on the surface of the object to be measured, reflected light and scattered light are converged and imaged by the lens at the O position, and finally collected by the photosensitive element;
the included angle between the incident light AB and the base line AC is alpha, AO is the distance between the center of the laser and the center of the CCD camera, OE is the focal length f of the lens, and D is the limit position of the reflected light on the photosensitive element when the measured object is far from the base line infinity; DF is the displacement of the light spot deviating from the limit position on the photosensitive unit and is marked as x; delta ABO-Delta DOF, there is a side length relationship:
when the measured surface and the base line AO generate relative displacement, x is changed into x', and the displacement value y of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is obtained by the conditions:
in the pressure sensor 13 the strain gauge is arranged as a wheatstone bridge, which deflects when pressure is applied;
the stress magnitude of the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic 14 is given by the formula (5):
wherein DeltaL represents the displacement value of the piezoelectric ceramic, E represents the elastic modulus of the piezoelectric ceramic, S represents the cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric ceramic, and L is the length of the piezoelectric ceramic.
The device for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position can realize the output displacement measurement of the piezoelectric ceramic under different driving voltages and different stress states. The device has compact structure and simple and convenient control, can provide high-precision data for piezoelectric ceramic dynamics modeling and the like, makes up the gap in the prior art, and has great application potential.
Claims (3)
1. The piezoelectric ceramic force position output characteristic testing device is characterized by comprising a parallel block (1), a main body (2), a spring (4), a front end bearing plate (5), a laser displacement sensor (7), a sensor positioning plate (8), a cantilever (9), a rear end bearing plate (11), a pressure sensor (13), piezoelectric ceramic (14), a movable base (15), a main body base (18), a cylindrical cover (19), an adjustable supporting block (20) and a force transmission stud (22); the main body base (18) is L-shaped, one side of the main body base is fixedly connected with one end of the main body (2), and the other side of the main body base is fixed on one side of the main body (2) through the adjustable supporting block (20); the bottom of the main body (2) is provided with a trapezoid groove, one end of an adjustable supporting block (20) is arranged in the trapezoid groove, and the main body (2) is supported; the main body (2) is internally provided with 3 cylindrical grooves with different sizes, a spring (4) and a front end bearing plate (5) are arranged in the first cylindrical groove, and the bottom of the first cylindrical groove is provided with a transverse groove; one end of the front end bearing plate (5) is connected with the parallel block (1), and the parallel block (1) moves in the transverse groove; one side of the front end bearing plate (5) is a bulge, the spring (4) is sleeved on the bulge, and the two ends of the spring are respectively contacted with the inner wall of the first cylindrical groove and the front end bearing plate (5); a piezoelectric ceramic (14) is arranged in the second cylindrical groove; a rear end bearing plate (11) is arranged in the third cylindrical groove; two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic (14) are respectively contacted with the front end bearing plate (5) and the rear end bearing plate (11) through the movable base; one end of the rear end bearing plate (11) is connected with the pressure sensor (13) through a force transmission stud (22); the pressure sensor (13) is fixed on one side of the main body base (18); the other end of the rear end bearing plate (11) is connected with one end of the cantilever (9); the other end of the cantilever (9) is connected with a sensor positioning plate (8); a laser displacement sensor (7) is arranged on the sensor positioning plate (8); a cylindrical cover (19) is arranged on the main body (2).
2. The method for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position is characterized by measuring the output displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic under different driving voltages and different stress states based on the device for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power position according to claim 1; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step: assembling a piezoelectric ceramic bit output characteristic testing device; the laser displacement sensor (7) and the pressure sensor (13) are connected with the data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is sequentially connected with the upper computer, the real-time controller and the power amplifier; mounting the piezoelectric ceramic (14) on a piezoelectric ceramic power position output characteristic testing device, and applying a pretightening force to the piezoelectric ceramic (14); the power amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics (14);
and a second step of: applying input signals with different sizes, different frequencies and different waveforms to the piezoelectric ceramic (14) to finish a piezoelectric ceramic preset experiment;
and a third step of: the upper computer is used for collecting output data of the laser displacement sensor (7) and the pressure sensor (13), and the piezoelectric ceramic (14) displacement values and the corresponding pressure values under different voltages are obtained after the data are processed.
3. The method for testing the output characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic power bit according to claim 2, wherein the displacement value of the piezoelectric ceramic (14) and the corresponding pressure value thereof are specifically as follows:
the laser displacement sensor (7) comprises a laser, a CCD camera and a photosensitive element; the laser emitted by the laser device and the normal line of the object surface form a certain angle to be incident on the surface of the object to be measured, the reflected light and the scattered light are converged and imaged by the lens at the O position, and finally collected by the photosensitive element;
the included angle between the incident light AB and the base line AC is alpha, AO is the distance between the center of the laser and the center of the CCD camera, OE is the focal length f of the lens, and D is the limit position of the reflected light on the photosensitive element when the measured object is far from the base line infinity; DF is the displacement of the light spot deviating from the limit position on the photosensitive unit and is marked as x; delta ABO-Delta DOF, there is a side length relationship:
when the measured surface and the base line AO generate relative displacement, x is changed into x', and the displacement value y of the piezoelectric ceramic (14) is obtained by the conditions:
in the pressure sensor (13), the strain gauge is arranged as a wheatstone bridge, the strain gauge being deflected when pressure is applied;
the magnitude of the stress at the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic (14) is given by the formula (5):
wherein DeltaL represents a displacement value of the piezoelectric ceramic (14), E represents an elastic modulus of the piezoelectric ceramic (14), S represents a cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric ceramic (14), and L is a length of the piezoelectric ceramic (14).
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