CN117072094A - Construction method for drilling surface soil layer by geological drilling machine - Google Patents
Construction method for drilling surface soil layer by geological drilling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117072094A CN117072094A CN202311251574.1A CN202311251574A CN117072094A CN 117072094 A CN117072094 A CN 117072094A CN 202311251574 A CN202311251574 A CN 202311251574A CN 117072094 A CN117072094 A CN 117072094A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 361
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for drilling a topsoil layer by a geological drilling machine, which adopts a dry drilling construction mode of combining a dry method and a wet method in the rotary drilling construction of the geological drilling machine; the geological drilling rig drilling surface soil layer construction method is suitable for stratum including sedimentary soil layer and backfill soil layer, drilling construction submerges the drilling tool in the drilling hole through cooling water, the cooling water can be used for cooling the drilling tool and lubricating the drilling tool, the slurry pump is not needed for pumping cooling water to conduct internal circulation of the drilling hole, the phenomenon that flushing fluid seriously flushes the hole wall can be avoided, the hole wall is more stable, the hole collapse phenomenon is reduced, and the drilling engineering quality and the using function are ensured. The method avoids the scouring of the circulating flushing fluid to the core of the surface soil layer, ensures that the core has good integrity, has high core taking rate and has no loose or missing core phenomenon. The working time of the slurry pump is reduced, the diesel oil consumption or the electric power consumption of the equipment is reduced, the construction cost is saved for drilling construction, the construction process is clean and environment-friendly, and better social and economic benefits are generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a construction method for drilling a topsoil layer by a geological drilling machine.
Background
Geological drilling is a technology for obtaining geological condition information such as an underground soil layer, rock and the like by drilling holes by adopting a geological drilling machine and extracting drilled cores. Geological drilling is mainly used in the fields of mineral resource exploration, geological data investigation, groundwater resource exploration, environmental geology and the like. Geological drilling can obtain information data in aspects of underground soil, rock, hydrogeology and the like through drilling holes, so that people can better know information such as stratum thickness, underground geological structure, rock property, underground water level, mineral resources and the like. Geological drilling is an important geological exploration technology for exploring underground stratum at present, has important application value in the fields of researching underground water resources, mineral resources, geological structures, geological environments and the like, and is an important means for geological exploration. The geological drilling is carried out through the drilling machine, so that the properties of underground soil, strata and hydrology can be known, including the information of thickness, composition, attitude, trend, property, distribution, depth, aquifer and the like, and important scientific research basis is provided for geological exploration; the method provides important basis for geological exploration, environmental geological exploration, mineral resource development, engineering construction geological exploration and the like. Meanwhile, geological drilling can also acquire information of mineral resources, such as mineral deposit distribution, reserves, quality and the like, and provides technical support for mineral resource development.
Geological drilling is largely divided into two types, core drilling and non-core drilling. The core drilling is also called solid core drilling, and the hole is formed by drilling through a geological drilling machine, the core is adopted in the process, a core sample is obtained, and geological specialists further analyze lithology, stratum structure, geological age and other information of the core. The core drilling principle is rotary drilling, and the drilling is realized by means of the rotary motion of a drilling tool, so that the drilling bit cuts into the rock stratum and shears and breaks the rock stratum to form holes.
Core drilling is one of wet positive and negative circulation drilling, cooling water is used for flushing the core of the surface soil layer in the wet positive and negative circulation drilling process, so that the core of the surface soil layer is flushed and damaged, the integrity of the core is poor, and the core taking rate is low; the non-core drilling is a dry drilling method, the condition of sticking and holding down the drilling easily occurs in the dry drilling process, and the wall of a drilled hole is flushed to collapse the hole.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by a geological drilling machine, which adopts a drilling construction method of dry drilling by combining a dry method and a wet method in rotary drilling construction of the geological drilling machine, and adopts a drilling operator to carry out the drilling construction of the dry drilling, so that flushing fluid can be prevented from seriously flushing the hole wall, the hole wall is more stable, the hole collapse phenomenon is reduced, and the drilling engineering quality and the using function are ensured. The method avoids the scouring of the circulating flushing fluid to the core of the surface soil layer, ensures that the core has good integrity, has high core taking rate and has no loose or missing core phenomenon.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a geological drilling rig drills into the construction method of the surface soil layer, this geological drilling rig drills into the surface soil layer construction method to adopt dry drilling of dry method and wet method in the construction of geological drilling rig rotary drilling to combine and drills into the construction mode; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a drilling machine before starting up;
s2, starting the power machine 1, closing a clutch, placing a transfer case handle at a hoisting position to enable the hoisting machine to work, and firstly, setting down a drilling tool through the hoisting machine, then setting down a drilling rod, and preparing to start drilling;
s3, before drilling, cooling water is supplied through a high-pressure rubber pipe of a slurry pump, and flows from a drill bit to a drill hole to fill a core barrel to submerge the drill; the gyrator is driven to drive the driving drill rod, the drill rod and the drilling tool in the hole are driven to rotate through the driving drill rod, so that the drill bit rapidly cuts into the soil layer on the surface soil layer, and dry drilling is carried out;
s4, when the length of the footage approaches to the length of the core barrel in a period of drilling work of the drilling tool or reaches the drilling lifting requirement, the drilling tool is required to be extracted, and the core barrel is taken out; the drill lifting is required to sequentially take out all drill rods and drilling tools in the drill hole;
s5, taking a rock core through a coring tool, and butting a slurry pump slurry inlet pipe connector with a drill rod connector of a drilling tool in the process of taking the rock core; injecting cooling water through a slurry pump to enable the cooling water to fill the space of the drilling tool, and extruding soil layer cores in the drilling tool by utilizing water pressure to enable surface soil layer cores to fall off from the core tube;
s6, placing cores taken from the core tubes in a core box in parallel, and clearly marking the circulation times; the core is marked obviously, and the marks comprise hole numbers, return times, box numbers, total box numbers, kong Dinggao steps and the positions of engineering buildings; sorting the core, and sequentially boxing and numbering;
s7, measuring water level of all the drill holes when the ground water is seen at first time, and finding out the burial condition and the variation range of the ground water by combining the regional hydrologic data to analyze the hydrogeological condition of the ground;
s8, performing next dry drilling operation; in drilling construction, each working cycle process from drilling to lifting and coring is called one round.
Further, the preparation work before starting the drilling machine in step S1 includes: checking the oil and diesel oil amounts of the diesel engine 1 of the drilling machine, the lubricating oil amount of a gearbox, and checking that the installation and the fastening of each connecting part are reliable; when the drilling machine is debugged, each rotating part operates normally, and the switch is started flexibly and reliably.
Further, in step S2, the process of operating the drilling tool by the winch includes: when the winch lifts the drilling tool, the brake is released, and the band-type brake is lifted up; when the drilling tool descends, the lifting band-type brake is released, and meanwhile, the braking band-type brake is partially or completely released; when the drilling tool is braked, the lifting band-type brake is released, the brake handle is controlled, and the winding drum is gradually braked; and finally, connecting and screwing the drill rod catcher of the whole set of drilling tool with the driving drill rod catcher, clamping the mechanical chuck, and preparing to start drilling.
Further, in step S3, the catcher of the high-pressure rubber tube of the slurry pump is abutted against the faucet, so that cooling water can be supplied, and the cooling water can cool the drilling tool and lubricate the drilling tool.
In step S3, when the rotation speed of the drilling machine needs to be changed during the dry drilling, the clutch is disconnected to stop the rotation of the drilling machine, then the corresponding rotation speed gear is modulated through the gearbox, and finally the clutch is closed to drill.
Further, in step S5, the coring tool is a carbide drill bit with a core barrel, a brain bag, and a drill stem catcher.
Further, in the core taking process in step S5, the core taking rate of the filled layer is not less than 80%, and the core taking rate of the layer is not less than 90%.
Further, all the boreholes in step S7 measure the water level at the first ground water and observe the borehole water level 24 hours after the final hole.
Furthermore, in the construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine, in order to ensure the quality requirement of drilling, the inclination of the inner hole of each 100m cannot exceed 3 degrees after the drilling is performed once every 5 m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine adopts a dry drilling construction mode combining a dry method and a wet method in the rotary drilling construction of the geological drilling machine, and the surface soil layer drilling flushing fluid adopts cooling water, so that the effects of cooling a drill bit, a drilling tool and lubrication can be achieved. The consumption of cooling water for dry drilling construction is small, the supplied cooling water fills the core tube, and the drilling tool is submerged; and the cooling water does not need to lubricate the wall protection medium, and the construction process is clean and environment-friendly. The dry drill is adopted for drilling construction, so that the cooling water can be prevented from scouring the surface soil layer core, the surface soil layer core is not scoured and damaged, the core integrity is good, and the core taking rate is high. The dry drilling is adopted for drilling construction, an operator controls the drilling machine to the actual condition of a specific site, so that drilling and drilling are smoothly carried out, and the dry drilling machine has good operability and safety and improves drilling efficiency. And the dry drill is adopted for drilling construction, and the condition of sticking and holding the drill is not easy to occur in the drilling process because the operator manually operates the drilling machine. And the dry drill is adopted for drilling construction, and the slurry pump does not need to pump cooling water in the whole process for hole internal circulation, so that the drilling construction cost can be saved.
In conclusion, the construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine solves the problems of low drilling efficiency, avoidance of sticking drilling and avoidance of drilling burning in the geological drilling construction of the surface soil layer on the basis of safety and practicability, and generates good social and economic benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method for drilling a topsoil layer by using the geological drilling rig;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a drill rig;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front face of the drill;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the drill pipe;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a drilling tool;
in fig. 1-5, 1-power machine, 2-frame slideway, 3-clutch, 4-gearbox, 5-hoist, 6-vertical shaft, 7-mechanical chuck, 8-driving drill pipe, 9-tap, 10-crown block, 11-drilling tool elevator, 12-drilling tower, 13-gyrator, 14-transfer case, 15-transfer case handle, 16-wire rope, 17-overflow valve pressure regulating handle, 18-drilling machine moving reversing valve handle, 19-vertical shaft lifting reversing valve handle, 20-gearbox handle, 21-orifice plate, 22-drill pipe, 23-drilling tool, 24-drill pipe catcher, 25-brain bag, 26-core barrel, 27-drill bit.
Description of the embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a geological drilling rig drilling surface soil layer construction method aiming at the problems that cooling water is flushed to a surface soil layer rock core in a wet method positive and negative circulation drilling process, so that the surface soil layer rock core is flushed and damaged, the rock core integrity is poor, the rock core taking rate is low, paste drilling and drilling blocking are easy to occur in a dry drilling process, a hole wall of a drilled hole is flushed and holes collapse and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the construction method for drilling the topsoil layer by the geological drilling rig comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of construction: as shown in fig. 2-5, before starting up the drilling machine, an operator checks the engine oil and Chai Youliang of the diesel engine 1 of the drilling machine, the lubricating oil amount of the gearbox 4, and the installation of each connecting part should be fastened reliably. After confirming that all is normal, the machine can be started. When the drilling machine is debugged, all the rotating parts are required to operate normally, and the switch is started flexibly and reliably. The drilling machine runs for ten minutes in no-load, and drilling operation can be performed after the normal operation is confirmed and no problem exists in the operation.
S2, tripping: as shown in fig. 2-5, the power machine 1 is started, the clutch 3 is closed, power is transmitted to the gearbox 4 and the transfer case 14, and the transfer case handle 15 is placed at a winding position, so that the winding machine 5 can work. The left handle of the winch 5 is a lifting band-type brake, and the right handle is a braking band-type brake. Firstly, a drilling tool 23 is lowered, a right handle of the winch 5 is operated, and a steel wire rope 16 is lowered; under the condition of gravity, the steel wire rope 16 drives the crown block 10 to rotate, the crown block 10 is arranged at the top of the drilling tower 12, the drilling tool lifter 11 is lowered, and the drilling tool 23 is buckled by the drilling tool lifter 11; operating a left handle of the winch 5, winding up the steel wire rope 16 by the winch 5 of the drilling machine, and lifting the drilling tool 23 to enable the drilling tool 23 to be in a vertical state, wherein the drilling tool 23 is aligned with a drilling hole opening; operating the right handle of the winch 5, lowering the winch into the hole to drill the hole, fixing the drilling tool 23 on the hole drilling plate 21 by using the fork, and loosening the lifter 11; the drill lifter 11 buckles the drill rod 22, the left handle of the winch 5 is operated, the drill winch 5 is used for lifting the drill rod 22, the drill is lowered to the thread position of the drill catcher 28, after the threads of the butt joint drill catcher are screwed, the threads of the drill catcher 24 are screwed by using a carrying fork; the right handle of the winch 5 is operated, the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 are lifted by the drill winch 5, after the cushion fork is pulled out, the right handle of the winch 5 is operated, the whole set of drilling tool 23 is lowered into a drill hole, the drilling rod 22 is continuously added in the process of lowering until the length of the whole set of drilling tool 23 is close to the depth of the drill hole, the drill bit 27 is close to the bottom of the drill hole, and the drilling rod 22 is stopped. The movable reversing valve handle 18 of the drilling machine is operated to dial upwards, and meanwhile, the pressure regulating handle 17 of the overflow valve is operated to enable the drilling machine to move the drilling machine through the rack slideway 2, the drilling machine is moved to the machine head position, the driving drill rod 8 is aligned with the drill rod 22 joint in the drilling hole, the drill rod catcher 24 of the whole set of drilling tools 23 is connected with the driving drill rod 8 catcher to be screwed up, the mechanical chuck 7 is clamped, and drilling is ready to start.
S3, drilling: the secondary footage of the soil layer is not more than 1m. As shown in fig. 2-5, before drilling, the catcher of the high-pressure hose of the slurry pump is abutted to the tap 9, the screw thread is screwed, the slurry pump is started to supply cooling water through the tap 9, the cooling water is supplied to the drill rod 22 from the inside of the active drill rod 8, the cooling water flows from the inside of the drill rod 22 to the drilling tool 23, from the drilling tool 23 to the drill bit 27, and from the drill bit 27 into the drilled hole. The cooling water fills the core barrel 26 and floods the drilling tool 23, and the slurry pump is turned off to stop the supply of cooling water, which serves to cool the drilling tool 23 and lubricate the drilling tool 23. The clutch 3 is closed, power is transmitted to the gearbox 4 and then to the transfer case 14, and the transfer case handle 15 is operated to be placed in a rotation position. The gyrator 13 is driven to drive the driving drill rod 8, the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 in the hole are driven to rotate through the driving drill rod 8, the overflow valve pressure regulating handle 17 is operated to increase hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic system, the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to dial downwards, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine runs downwards to drive the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 to descend, and the drill bit 27 is enabled to cut into a soil layer rapidly; when the cutting difficulty occurs in the process of cutting the drill bit 27 into a soil layer or the running load of the power machine 1 is increased, the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to dial upwards, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine is driven to move upwards to drive the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 to move upwards, the driving drill rod 8 moves upwards by 20-50 cm, the drilling tool 23 is moved upwards, and the cooling water in the drilling hole can enter the bottom of the drilling hole by the engineering of the movable drilling tool 23 to play a role of cooling the drill bit 27 and lubricating; and at the same time, the power of the power machine 1 can be restored to normal load operation. Then the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to downwards dial, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine downwards runs to drive the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 downwards, so that the drill bit 27 rapidly cuts into the soil layer on the surface soil layer, and dry drilling is carried out. The dry drilling process is repeatedly performed to operate the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 up and down, move the drilling tool 23 up and down and cut into the stratum, the hole depth is continuously deepened along with the continuous drilling of the drilling tool 23, the drill rod 22 is continuously extended downwards, and when the on-machine residual ruler is zero, the short drill rod 22 needs to be increased, and the total length of the drill rod 22 needs to be increased.
During the drilling process, when the rotating speed of the drilling machine needs to be changed, the clutch 3 is firstly disconnected, so that the drilling tool 23 stops rotating, and then the gearbox handle 20 is shifted to a low rotating speed gear corresponding to the gear. After the rotating speed of the drilling machine is adjusted, the clutch 3 is closed for drilling. When rotary drilling is performed, the clutch 3 must be disconnected first to change the rotation speed of the drilling machine, and then the gearbox handle 20 is shifted to change the speed.
S4, lifting a drill: as shown in fig. 2-5, when the length of the footage approaches the length of the core barrel 26 or reaches the drilling requirement after the drilling operation of the drilling tool 23 is performed for a period of time, the drilling tool 23 needs to be used for extracting and taking out the core in the core barrel 26. The lifting of the drill string requires that all drill rods 22 and tools 23 in the borehole be removed from the borehole in sequence. When the coring requirement is met, the disconnect clutch 3 is operated to stop rotation of the drill 23. The vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to dial upwards, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine moves upwards, the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 are driven to move upwards, the maximum distance of the upward travel is 50cm, the winch 5 is operated to lift the active drill rod 8, the mechanical chuck 7 is loosened, the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to dial downwards, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine moves downwards until the mechanical chuck 7 descends to the head of the drilling machine, the mechanical chuck 7 is stopped to dial downwards, the active drill rod 8 is clamped, the vertical shaft feeding control valve handle 21 is operated to dial upwards, the vertical shaft 6 of the drilling machine moves upwards, the drill rod 22 and the drilling tool 23 are driven to move upwards, the vertical shaft 6 is repeatedly operated to ascend and descend, the catcher 28 of the active drill rod 8 leaks out of the drilling hole to about 10cm above the hole orifice plate 21, the vertical shaft 6 is stopped to move upwards, the active drill rod 8 is lifted by the winch 5, the mechanical chuck 7 is loosened, the active drill rod 8 and the drilling tool 23 are lifted by the winch 5, the drill rod catcher 24 is forked by the pad, the whole set of the drilling tool 23 is lowered, and the pad is contacted with the hole orifice plate 21. The catcher of the active drill rod 8 is forked by a detaching tool, the moving fork is manually moved, and the catcher screw thread of the active drill rod 8 is detached, so that the joint of the active drill rod 8 and the drill rod 22 is loosened. The drilling machine is operated to move the reversing valve handle 18 downwards, the overflow valve pressure regulating handle 17 is operated simultaneously, the drilling machine is moved through the frame slideway 2 to move the drilling machine to the tail position, the crown block 10 and the drilling tool 23 in the hole are in a straight line, the drilling tool elevator 11 is loosened, the right handle of the hoisting machine 5 is operated to lower the drilling tool elevator 11, the drilling tool elevator 11 reaches the position of the drilling rod catcher 24, the drilling tool elevator 11 is stopped to lower, the drilling tool elevator 11 is clamped by the drilling tool elevator 11 to clamp the drilling rod catcher 24, the left handle of the hoisting machine 5 is operated to enable the hoisting machine 5 to wind the steel wire rope 16, the whole set of drilling tool 23 in the lifting hole is lifted until the second drilling tool catcher 24 in the drilling hole reaches above the orifice plate 21, the right handle of the hoisting machine 5 is pressed, the left handle of the hoisting machine 5 is loosened simultaneously, the whole set of drilling tool 23 is lifted by the hoisting machine 5 in an empty way, the whole set of drilling tool 23 is lifted by the drilling tool catcher 24 by a cushion fork, the right handle of the hoisting machine 5 is operated to lower the whole set of drilling tool 23, and the cushion fork is placed on the orifice plate 21. The driving drill rod 8 catcher is forked by a detaching tool, the fork is manually moved, and the catcher screw threads of the driving drill rod 8 are detached, so that the joint of the two connected drill rod catcher 24 is loosened. The whole set of drilling tools 23 below the orifice plate 21 are clamped and hung by a fork, the detached drilling rod 22 is lifted and hung by the operation winch 5, the right handle of the operation winch 5 is loosened to lower the drilling tool lifter 11 and the drilling rod 22, one end of the drilling rod 22 is lifted and lowered by the winch 5, the other end of the drilling rod 22 is manually held to be conveyed to a placement area, the clamping ring of the drilling tool lifter 11 is loosened, the left handle of the operation winch 5 lifts the drilling tool lifter 11 to the position of the orifice plate 21, the drilling rod 22 is clamped by the drilling tool lifter 11, and the left handle of the operation winch 5 lifts the drilling tool lifter 11. The extraction of the drill rod 22 is repeated until the drill rod 22 and the tool 23 in the borehole extract the borehole.
During the drill lifting process, to ensure the normal work of the drilling machine, the operator of the drilling machine must be closely matched with the personnel at the orifice, so that the drill lifting process is kept stable, and the core in the core barrel 26 is prevented from falling off during the drill lifting process. When the speed change is required during the process of extracting the drilling tool 23, the winding drum of the winch 5 is firstly braked, and then the clutch 3 is disconnected to carry out the gear change.
S5, coring: in the whole drilling process of the surface soil layer, a dry drilling construction method is adopted in the drilling hole section of the surface soil layer, and in the drilling process, the core is extracted by drilling when the core-taking requirement is met. As shown in fig. 2-5, the carbide drill 27 is combined with a core barrel 26, a brain bag 25, and a drill pipe catcher 24 into a set of drills 23 as coring tools. In the core process, a slurry pump slurry inlet pipe connector screw thread is connected to a drill rod connector 24 screw thread of a drilling tool 23 in an opposite mode, and the screw thread is screwed by pipe tongs. The slurry pump is started, cooling water is pumped by the slurry pump to be injected into the drill rod catcher 24 of the drilling tool 23, the space of the drilling tool 23 is filled with the cooling water, and soil layer cores in the drilling tool 23 are extruded by water pressure, so that surface soil layer cores fall off from the core tube 26, the cores can be conveniently and rapidly taken out, meanwhile, the integrity of the cores can be guaranteed, and the disturbance is small. The core taking rate of the filling layer is not less than 80 percent, and the core taking rate of the soil layer is not less than 90 percent.
S6, storing the rock core: the core is stored in a core box with a specification, and the core is required to be placed to meet the technical quality requirement. The cores are placed in the core boxes in parallel, gradually increase from left to right and from top to bottom, and the circulation times are clearly marked. Mechanical core failure should be distinguished and identified from the joints of the core. The core is marked by a volleyball and a permanent label and is placed at the tail end of the secondary footage core. The marks comprise hole numbers, return times, box numbers, total box numbers, kong Dinggao routes and the positions of engineering buildings. The arrangement of the core is orderly packaged and numbered, the phenomenon of core inversion is avoided, and the core cards are correctly filled.
S7, hydrogeological observation: the drilling water level is required to be measured when the ground water is seen initially, drilling water level observation is carried out after twenty-four hours of final drilling, and the buried condition and the change condition of the ground water are ascertained by combining regional hydrologic data, so that the field hydrogeological condition analysis is carried out. In drilling construction, after lifting the drill, each water level is measured once before tripping, and the time interval between the two times cannot be less than 5 minutes. Hydrogeological observation employs a trading hydrographic clock. And (5) after each hydrogeological observation is completed, an observation record is made.
In order to ensure the quality requirement of the drilling, the inclination of the drilling is measured once every 5m, and the inclination of the inner hole of every 100m cannot exceed 3 degrees. And (5) drilling inclinometry records are made after drilling inclinometry is completed each time.
Filling in drilling records: the drill is lifted and the core is adopted, after the core is placed, the original work report is carefully filled, the original work report is required to be filled according to the regulations, the data is complete, accurate, timely and neat, the work report must be carefully checked during shift, and if errors exist, the work report should be corrected timely. And carefully checking the work report before the hole is finished, and sending the work report back to the unit for storage after the hole is finished.
S8, drilling for the next time: and carrying out the next dry drilling operation.
The construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine mainly adopts a dry drilling construction mode of combining a dry method and a wet method in the rotary drilling construction of the geological drilling machine. The wet process is utilized to provide proper cooling water for the drilling holes, the cooling water does not need to be pumped and discharged in the whole drilling process, only proper cooling water is needed to be injected into the drilling holes, the core barrel 26 is filled with the cooling water, when the drilling tool 23 in the holes is submerged, the slurry pump is closed, the cooling water injection into the drilling holes is stopped, and the cooling water only needs to meet the functions of cooling the drill bit 27 and lubricating the drill bit 27. The construction method for drilling the topsoil layer by the geological drilling machine does not need a slurry pump to pump cooling water to carry out internal circulation of the drilling in the drilling process, so that the core of the topsoil layer can be prevented from being scoured by the cooling water, the core of the topsoil layer is prevented from being scoured and damaged, the integrity of the core is good, and the core taking rate is high. The slurry pump does not need to pump cooling water in the whole process to circulate in the hole, so that the drilling construction cost can be saved. The vertical shaft lifting reversing valve handle 19 controls the drilling of the drill rod 22, the overflow valve pressure regulating handle 17 is continuously pressurized in the control process, and the vertical shaft 6 descends to drive the drilling tool 23 to cut the soil layer, so as to drill and form holes. The dry method and the wet method combined dry drilling construction process can be adopted for soil layers with good cohesiveness, backfill soil layers and stable gravel layers. The dry drilling is adopted for drilling construction, an operator controls the drilling machine to the specific field actual condition, so that the drilling is smoothly carried out, the operation and the safety are good, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
According to the construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine, the drilling machine is manually operated by an operator, so that the condition of sticking and holding the drilling is not easy to occur in the drilling process. And the dry drill is adopted for drilling construction, and the slurry pump does not need to pump cooling water in the whole process for hole internal circulation, so that the drilling construction cost can be saved.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A geological drilling rig drills into the construction method of the surface soil layer, characterized by that: the geological drilling rig drilling surface soil layer construction method adopts a dry drilling construction mode of combining a dry method and a wet method in geological drilling rig rotary drilling construction;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a drilling machine before starting up;
s2, starting the power machine 1, closing a clutch, placing a transfer case handle at a hoisting position to enable the hoisting machine to work, and firstly, setting down a drilling tool through the hoisting machine, then setting down a drilling rod, and preparing to start drilling;
s3, before drilling, cooling water is supplied through a high-pressure rubber pipe of a slurry pump, and flows from a drill bit to a drill hole to fill a core barrel to submerge the drill; the gyrator is driven to drive the driving drill rod, the drill rod and the drilling tool in the hole are driven to rotate through the driving drill rod, so that the drill bit rapidly cuts into the soil layer on the surface soil layer, and dry drilling is carried out;
s4, when the length of the footage approaches to the length of the core barrel in a period of drilling work of the drilling tool or reaches the drilling lifting requirement, the drilling tool is required to be extracted, and the core barrel is taken out; the drill lifting is required to sequentially take out all drill rods and drilling tools in the drill hole;
s5, taking a rock core through a coring tool, and butting a slurry pump slurry inlet pipe connector with a drill rod connector of a drilling tool in the process of taking the rock core; injecting cooling water through a slurry pump to enable the cooling water to fill the space of the drilling tool, and extruding soil layer cores in the drilling tool by utilizing water pressure to enable surface soil layer cores to fall off from the core tube;
s6, placing cores taken from the core tubes in a core box in parallel, and clearly marking the circulation times; the core is marked obviously, and the marks comprise hole numbers, return times, box numbers, total box numbers, kong Dinggao steps and the positions of engineering buildings; sorting the core, and sequentially boxing and numbering;
s7, measuring water level of all the drill holes when the ground water is seen at first time, and finding out the burial condition and the variation range of the ground water by combining the regional hydrologic data to analyze the hydrogeological condition of the ground;
s8, performing next dry drilling operation; in drilling construction, each working cycle process from drilling to lifting and coring is called one round.
2. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation work before starting the drilling machine in the step S1 comprises the following steps: checking the oil and diesel oil amounts of the diesel engine 1 of the drilling machine, the lubricating oil amount of a gearbox, and checking that the installation and the fastening of each connecting part are reliable; when the drilling machine is debugged, each rotating part operates normally, and the switch is started flexibly and reliably.
3. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the process of operating the drilling tool through the winch is as follows: when the winch lifts the drilling tool, the brake is released, and the band-type brake is lifted up; when the drilling tool descends, the lifting band-type brake is released, and meanwhile, the braking band-type brake is partially or completely released; when the drilling tool is braked, the lifting band-type brake is released, the brake handle is controlled, and the winding drum is gradually braked; and finally, connecting and screwing the drill rod catcher of the whole set of drilling tool with the driving drill rod catcher, clamping the mechanical chuck, and preparing to start drilling.
4. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the catcher of the high-pressure rubber pipe of the slurry pump is abutted with the faucet, so that cooling water can be supplied, and the cooling water can cool the drilling tool and lubricate the drilling tool.
5. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, when the rotating speed of the drilling machine needs to be changed in the dry drilling process, the clutch is firstly disconnected to stop the rotation of the drilling machine, then the corresponding rotating speed gear is modulated through the gearbox, and finally the clutch is closed to drill.
6. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: and S5, the coring tool is a hard alloy drill bit matched with a core barrel, a head bag and a drill rod catcher.
7. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of taking the rock core in the step S5, the taking rate of the rock core of the filling layer is not less than 80 percent, and the taking rate of the rock core of the soil layer is not less than 90 percent.
8. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S7, the water level is measured when all the drilling holes first see underground water, and the water level of the drilling holes is observed 24 hours after the drilling holes are finished.
9. The geological drilling rig surface soil layer drilling construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the construction method for drilling the surface soil layer by the geological drilling machine, in order to ensure the quality requirement of drilling, the inclination of the inner hole of each 100m cannot exceed 3 degrees after the drilling is performed once every 5 m.
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