CN117066543A - Main shaft structure with adjustable multistage air curtain and processing machine tool - Google Patents
Main shaft structure with adjustable multistage air curtain and processing machine tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117066543A CN117066543A CN202311341654.6A CN202311341654A CN117066543A CN 117066543 A CN117066543 A CN 117066543A CN 202311341654 A CN202311341654 A CN 202311341654A CN 117066543 A CN117066543 A CN 117066543A
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spindle structures, in particular to a spindle structure with an adjustable multi-section air curtain and a processing machine tool, wherein the spindle structure comprises: the air curtain assembly is provided with an air curtain runner with an elliptical shape, wherein the air curtain runner is controlled by the air curtain assembly to have a strong-weak difference mode and a uniform mode, and an air inlet channel, a first air dividing channel, a second air dividing channel, a first air outlet channel, a second air outlet channel, a first air outlet and a second air outlet are arranged in the air curtain assembly; the first air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the short axis direction, and the second air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the long axis direction; the air flow is respectively conveyed from the air inlet channel to the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel, two first air outlet channels and two second air outlet channels are arranged, two ends of the first air outlet channel are respectively communicated with the first air dividing channel and the first air outlet, and two ends of the second air outlet channel are respectively communicated with the second air dividing channel and the second air outlet; by selecting different modes of air flow barriers, different processing requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spindle structures, in particular to a spindle structure with an adjustable multi-section air curtain and a processing machine tool.
Background
As shown in figure 1, the spindle air curtain protection is to form an air flow barrier by utilizing air sprayed at a high speed, and generate a blocking effect on chips, cooling liquid or tiny particles in the air and the like generated in the cutting process, so that impurities are effectively prevented from entering a spindle area along a spindle assembly gap, abrasion and pollution to a spindle and related parts are reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, the machining precision and stability are improved, and the spindle air curtain protection is widely applied to industrial equipment such as numerical control machine tools and the like.
In the processing of special-shaped products, generated impurities such as scraps with different volumes fly away towards different directions, and a uniform air layer is usually formed around a main shaft in the related technology, so that although the impurities with small volumes or light mass can be blocked, the air curtain wind force can hardly influence the track of the scraps with larger volumes and can block the scraps with larger volumes, thereby causing the impurities to enter the main shaft and affecting normal operation.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the main shaft structure with the adjustable multi-section air curtain and the processing machine tool are provided, the switching between the air curtains in different modes is realized, and different processing requirements are met.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a spindle structure having an adjustable multi-segment air curtain, comprising:
the air curtain assembly is used for controlling the air curtain runner to have a strong-weak difference mode and a uniform mode, and an air inlet channel, a first air dividing channel, a second air dividing channel, a first air outlet channel, a second air outlet channel, a first air outlet and a second air outlet are arranged in the air curtain assembly;
the first air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the short axis direction and tangential to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner, and the second air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the long axis direction and perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner; the air current is from the intake duct carries respectively to first minute air flue with in the second minute air flue, first air outlet way with the second air outlet way all is provided with two, first air outlet way both ends communicate respectively first minute air flue with first gas outlet, second air outlet way both ends communicate respectively the second minute air flue with the second gas outlet.
Further, when the air curtain runner is in the strong-weak differential mode, the air inlet channel is led with small wind pressure air flow towards the first air dividing channel and large wind pressure air flow towards the second air dividing channel, the large wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner from the second air outlet through the second air outlet and disperses towards two sides, the small wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner from the first air outlet through the first air outlet and forms convection effect with the dispersed large wind pressure air flow, so that the air flow at the short axis is larger than the air flow at the long axis;
when the air curtain runner is in the uniform mode, the air inlet channel is led with small wind pressure air flow towards the second air dividing channel and large wind pressure air flow towards the first air dividing channel, the small wind pressure air flow passes through the second air outlet channel, enters the air curtain runner from the second air outlet and meets the large wind pressure air flow to form uniform air flow when passing through the first air outlet, and the uniform air flow moves annularly along the air curtain runner under the pushing action of the large wind pressure air flow.
Further, the air curtain component comprises an air inlet cover, a switching plate, a sleeve and an outer shaft cover,
the sleeve with the outer axle lid overlaps in proper order and establishes on the outer axle face of axis body, just form first step and second step respectively between telescopic both ends and the outer axle face, first step with form the boss between the second step, have the accommodation groove on the boss, the switching plate sets up in the accommodation groove, the inlet cap suit is in on the first step, and with boss fixed connection, the outer axle lid cover is established the boss deviates from the one end of inlet cap.
Further, the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are annular, the sleeve faces the end face of the outer shaft cover, the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are coaxially arranged, the first air dividing channel is located on the outer side of the second air dividing channel, the outer shaft cover faces one side of the sleeve and is provided with a dividing cavity, the dividing cavity is sleeved on the second step, so that the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are abutted to the cavity bottom of the dividing cavity, and the outer shaft cover faces the end face of the sleeve and is abutted to the boss.
Further, the intake duct include main air flue and respectively with main air flue UNICOM's first auxiliary air flue and second auxiliary air flue, main air flue be located in the air inlet cover, and along the radial setting of air inlet cover, first auxiliary air flue with the second auxiliary air flue all is along the switch board with telescopic axial sets up, and deviate from main air flue's one end respectively with first branch air flue with second branch air flue UNICOM.
Further, the switching plate is provided with two groups of first switching grooves and second switching grooves which are arranged at the same angle, the first switching grooves are communicated with the first auxiliary air passages in the sleeve, the second switching grooves are communicated with the second auxiliary air passages in the sleeve, the apertures of the first switching grooves and the second switching grooves are changed from one end to the other end from small to large, and the setting directions of the first switching grooves and the second switching grooves in the same group are opposite.
Further, a gasket is further arranged between the air inlet cover and the sleeve, two sides of the gasket are respectively attached to end faces of the air inlet cover and the boss, which are oppositely arranged, and an inner axial face of the gasket is abutted to an outer axial face of the switching plate.
Further, the switching plate is provided with switching block and handle towards one side of the air inlet cover, the switching block is located the border position of switching plate, switching block one side with switching plate form local fixed connection effect, the handle is along the radial setting of switching plate, handle one end with switching block fixed connection, the air inlet cover orientation one side of switching plate is provided with the guide way that holds switching block, the both sides of switching block respectively with the guide way with the gasket laminating sets up, switching block is along the guide way slides.
Further, an adjusting pointer is arranged on the outer shaft surface of the sleeve, the adjusting pointer faces the outer shaft cover, the end part of the adjusting pointer is partially protruded out of the end face of the boss, a plurality of scales are arranged on the outer shaft surface of the outer shaft cover, the scales are arranged at equal intervals, and any one of the scales is correspondingly arranged with the adjusting pointer by rotating the outer shaft cover.
The invention also provides a processing machine tool, which comprises the main shaft structure with the adjustable multi-section air curtain and is characterized by comprising an axle box, a bearing and an axle head cover, wherein the axle box is arranged in a hollow mode, the axle body is rotationally connected with the axle box through the bearing, and the axle head cover and the main shaft structure are respectively sleeved at two ends of the axle body and are fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the axle box.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the first air outlet and the second air outlet are arranged in the air curtain assembly, under the regulation effect of the air curtain assembly, the air pressure of the air flow in the first air outlet and the air pressure in the second air outlet can be changed, so that different modes of air flow barrier forms are formed in the air curtain flow channel, when the air curtain flow channel is in a strong-weak differential mode, different positions on the outer axial surface of the shaft body form different pressure air flow barriers, so that different degrees of blocking effect can be generated on different volumes of chips in different positions, when the air curtain flow channel is in a uniform mode, the air flow pressure distribution on the outer axial surface of the shaft body is balanced, so that blocking effect can be formed on chips in all positions, and different processing requirements can be met by selecting different modes of air flow barriers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a spindle air curtain protection in the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air curtain assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an air curtain assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of an air curtain assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side view of an exploded air curtain assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a forming position of an air curtain runner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of the air curtain runner in a differential mode of intensity in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of the curtain runner in a uniform mode in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of an air intake cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a switch board according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another angle of the sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer cover according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a processing machine in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a top view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view at C-C in fig. 17.
Reference numerals: 01. a shaft body; 02. an axle box; 03. a bearing; 04. a shaft end cover; 1. an air inlet channel; 1a, a main air passage; 1b, a first auxiliary air passage; 1c, a second auxiliary air passage; 2. a first gas dividing channel; 3. a second air-dividing passage; 4. a first gas outlet channel; 5. a second gas outlet channel; 6. a first air outlet; 7. a second air outlet; 10. an air curtain assembly; 10a, an air curtain runner; 11. an air inlet cover; 111. a guide groove; 12. a switching board; 121. a first switching groove; 122. a second switching groove; 13. a sleeve; 131. a first step; 132. a second step; 133. a boss; 133a, a receiving groove; 134. adjusting a pointer; 14. an outer shaft cover; 141. a shunt cavity; 144. a scale; 15. a gasket; 16. a switching block; 17. a handle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The spindle structure with adjustable multi-stage air curtain as shown in fig. 2 to 15 comprises:
the air curtain assembly 10 controls the air curtain runner 10a to have a strong-weak difference mode and a uniform mode, and as shown in fig. 4 to 8, an air inlet channel 1, a first air dividing channel 2, a second air dividing channel 3, a first air outlet channel 4, a second air outlet channel 5, a first air outlet 6 and a second air outlet 7 are arranged in the air curtain assembly 10;
the first air outlets 6 are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the short axis direction and tangential to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner 10a, and the second air outlets 7 are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the long axis direction and perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner 10 a; the air flow is respectively conveyed into the first air dividing channel 2 and the second air dividing channel 3 from the air inlet channel 1, the first air outlet channel 4 and the second air outlet channel 5 are both provided with two, the two ends of the first air outlet channel 4 are respectively communicated with the first air dividing channel 2 and the first air outlet 6, and the two ends of the second air outlet channel 5 are respectively communicated with the second air dividing channel 3 and the second air outlet 7.
According to the invention, the first air outlet 6 and the second air outlet 7 are arranged in the air curtain assembly 10, the air pressure of the air flow in the first air outlet 6 and the air pressure in the second air outlet 7 can be changed under the regulation effect of the air curtain assembly 10, so that different modes of air flow barrier forms are formed in the air curtain runner 10a, when the air curtain is in a strong-weak differential mode, different positions on the outer axial surface of the shaft body 01 form different pressure air flow barriers, so that different degrees of blocking effect can be generated on different volumes of chips at different positions, when the air curtain is in a uniform mode, the air flow pressure distribution on the outer axial surface of the shaft body 01 is balanced, thus blocking effect can be formed on the chips at all positions, and different processing requirements can be met by selecting different modes of the air flow barriers.
The process of forming the elliptical air curtain runner 10a is as follows, the cross-sectional shape of the inner axial surface disposed opposite to the outer axial surface of the shaft body 01 through the air curtain assembly 10 is elliptical, and the cross-sectional shape of the shaft body 01 is uniform circular, so that a circular elliptical runner is formed between the two, the flow path in the major axis direction of the elliptical air curtain runner 10a is wider, the flow path in the minor axis direction is narrower, and when air flows with different pressure magnitudes are introduced into the air curtain runner 10a from different positions, the air curtain runner 10a can be controlled to form a strong-weak differential mode or a uniform mode, thereby forming a targeted or comprehensive blocking effect on different processing requirements.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, when the air curtain runner 10a is in the strong-weak differential mode, the air inlet channel 1 introduces a small wind pressure air flow into the first air dividing channel 2 and introduces a large wind pressure air flow into the second air dividing channel 3, the large wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner 10a from the second air outlet 7 through the second air outlet channel 5 and disperses towards both sides, the small wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner 10a from the first air outlet 6 through the first air outlet channel 4, and forms a convection effect with the dispersed large wind pressure air flow, so that the air flow at the short axis is greater than the air flow at the long axis.
Specifically, since the first air outlet 6 is located at two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the short axis direction, and the second air outlet 7 is located at two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the long axis direction, when the air flow with large wind pressure enters the air curtain runner 10a from the second air outlet 7, the air flow is easy to disperse to two sides of the second air outlet 7 and moves towards the first air outlet 6 under the pushing action of the large wind pressure because the flow path of the air flow supplied by the air curtain runner 10a is wider; when the air flow with small wind pressure enters the air curtain runner 10a from the first air outlet 6, the air flow path of the air supply flow is narrower, so that the air pressure of the air flow with small wind pressure is increased, and the air flow with small wind pressure and the air flow dispersed from the second air outlet 7 form a convection effect, after the two air flows with reverse movement collide, the air flows overflow towards the outside of the shaft body 01, so that the air flow at the first air outlet 6, namely, the two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the short axis direction, outwards flows out of the air flow, and relatively, the air flow at the two ends of the air curtain runner 10a in the long axis direction outwards forms a small air flow at the same time due to the continuous dispersion effect, and at the same time, different positions on the outer shaft surface of the shaft body 01 form air flow barriers with different pressures, so that different degrees of blocking effects are generated on debris with different volumes at different positions.
As shown in fig. 10, when the air curtain runner 10a is in the uniform mode, the air inlet channel 1 introduces a small wind pressure air flow into the second air dividing channel 3 and introduces a large wind pressure air flow into the first air dividing channel 2, the small wind pressure air flow passes through the second air outlet channel 5, enters the air curtain runner 10a from the second air outlet 7, and meets the large wind pressure air flow when passing through the first air outlet 6 to form a uniform air flow, and the uniform air flow moves along the air curtain runner 10a in a circular direction under the pushing action of the large wind pressure air flow.
Specifically, when the air flow with large wind pressure enters the air curtain runner 10a from the first air outlet 6, the air curtain runner 10a is provided with a narrower flow path for the air flow, the air flow moves along the direction of air inlet towards the long axis direction, when the air flow moves to the second air outlet 7, the small wind pressure air flow forms a pushing action on the second air outlet 7, so that the small wind pressure air flow moves towards the short axis direction, the small wind pressure air flow is prevented from being dispersed at the position of the second air outlet 7, when the small wind pressure air flow moves to the second air outlet 7 on the opposite side, the small wind pressure air flow meets the large wind pressure air flow in the second air outlet 7 to form a uniform air flow, the above process is circulated, under the continuous pushing action of the large wind pressure air flow, the formed uniform air flow flows along the continuous annular direction of the air curtain runner 10a, and the air flow pressure distribution on the outer axis surface of the shaft body 01 is balanced, so that a balanced and comprehensive blocking action is formed.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the air curtain assembly 10 includes an air intake cover 11, a switching plate 12, a sleeve 13 and an outer shaft cover 14,
the sleeve 13 and the outer shaft cover 14 are sequentially sleeved on the outer shaft surface of the shaft body 01, a first step 131 and a second step 132 are respectively formed between two ends of the sleeve 13 and the outer shaft surface, a boss 133 is formed between the first step 131 and the second step 132, a containing groove 133a is formed in the boss 133, the switching plate 12 is arranged in the containing groove 133a, the air inlet cover 11 is sleeved on the first step 131 and fixedly connected with the boss 133, and the outer shaft cover 14 is sleeved at one end, deviating from the air inlet cover 11, of the boss 133; during assembly, the boss 133 and the air inlet cover 11 are fixed on one side of the outer shaft cover 14 through the fixing pieces, so that the switching plate 12 is clamped between the boss 133 and the air inlet cover, the switching plate 12 is prevented from loosening, the first step 131, the second step 132 and the boss 133 are arranged, the switching plate 12 and the accommodating groove 133a are matched, the structure is simple, the manufacturing, the installation and the maintenance are convenient, the stability and the reliability in working can be ensured, and the control of the multi-section air curtain is realized.
The first air outlet channel 4, the second air outlet channel 5, the first air outlet 6 and the second air outlet 7 are all arranged on the outer shaft cover 14, namely, the cross section of the inner shaft surface of the outer shaft cover 14 is elliptical, an air curtain flow channel 10a is formed between the outer shaft cover 14 and the outer side wall of the shaft body 01 to form a protective effect on external impurities, wherein the first air outlet channel 4 and the second air outlet channel 5 are arranged along the long shaft direction of the outer shaft cover 14, the first air outlet 6 is tangential to the inner side surface of the outer shaft cover 14, and the second air outlet 7 penetrates through the inner side surface of the outer shaft cover 14, so that directional movement and pushing effect can be formed when large-air pressure air flow enters from the first air outlet 6, a shunt effect can be formed when the large-air pressure air flow enters from the second air outlet 7, and the stability of the protective effect under different modes is ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the first air dividing channel 2 and the second air dividing channel 3 are annular and are disposed on the end face of the sleeve 13 facing the outer shaft cover 14, the first air dividing channel 2 and the second air dividing channel 3 are coaxially disposed, and the first air dividing channel 2 is located at the outer side of the second air dividing channel 3, when the air enters the sleeve 13 from the air inlet channel 1, part of the air enters the first air dividing channel 2, and the other part of the air enters the second air dividing channel 3. As shown in fig. 15, a shunt cavity 141 is formed on one side of the outer shaft cover 14 facing the sleeve 13, and the shunt cavity 141 is sleeved on the second step 132, so that the first shunt channel 2 and the second shunt channel 3 are abutted against the cavity bottom of the shunt cavity 141, and the end surface of the outer shaft cover 14 facing the sleeve 13 is abutted against the boss 133; thereby effectively guaranteed the UNICOM effect between first minute air flue 2 and the first venthole 4, the UNICOM effect between second minute air flue 3 and the second venthole 5 prevents to take place mutual UNICOM's phenomenon, effectively guarantees sealed effect and stability, avoids the air current leakage.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to make the air feeding process of the air flow more stable and reliable, the air inlet channel 1 is provided with two groups, and is symmetrically arranged with the axis of the shaft body 01 as the center, so that the flow process of the air flow is more uniform and smooth, the stability and blocking effect of the air flow barrier are improved, as shown in fig. 5 and 8, the air inlet channel 1 comprises a main air channel 1a, and a first auxiliary air channel 1b and a second auxiliary air channel 1c which are respectively communicated with the main air channel 1a, the main air channel 1a is positioned in the air inlet cover 11 and is arranged along the radial direction of the air inlet cover 11, the first auxiliary air channel 1b and the second auxiliary air channel 1c are both arranged along the axial direction of the switching plate 12 and the sleeve 13, and one end of the air inlet channel 1a is respectively communicated with the first air dividing channel 2 and the second air dividing channel 3; the air flow entering from the main air passage 1a can flow into the corresponding branch air passage through the first auxiliary air passage 1b and the second auxiliary air passage 1c, so that the accuracy of air supply is ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the switching plate 12 is provided with two groups of first switching grooves 121 and second switching grooves 122 which are arranged at the same angle, the first switching grooves 121 are communicated with the first auxiliary air passage 1b in the sleeve 13, the second switching grooves 122 are communicated with the second auxiliary air passage 1c in the sleeve 13, the apertures of the first switching grooves 121 and the second switching grooves 122 are arranged in a manner of changing from one end to the other end from small to large, and the arrangement directions of the first switching grooves 121 and the second switching grooves 122 in the same group are opposite; as shown in fig. 8, when the switching plate 12 is rotated such that the small end of the first switching groove 121 is communicated with the first auxiliary air passage 1b and the large end of the second switching groove 122 is communicated with the second auxiliary air passage 1c, the air flow entering the second air dividing passage 3 is controlled to form a large air pressure and the air flow entering the first air dividing passage 2 is controlled to form a small air pressure, and the air curtain flow passage 10a is in a strong-weak differential mode; when the switching plate 12 is reversely rotated to enable the large end of the first switching groove 121 to be communicated with the first auxiliary air passage 1b and the small end of the second switching groove 122 to be communicated with the second auxiliary air passage 1c, at this time, the air flow entering the first air dividing passage 2 is controlled to form large air pressure and the air flow entering the second air dividing passage 3 is controlled to form small air pressure, and the air curtain flow passage 10a is in a uniform mode; the synchronous control function of the air flow speed and the pressure in the first auxiliary air channel 1b and the second auxiliary air channel 1c can be realized only by rotating the switching plate 12, so that the mode of switching the air flow barrier in the switching process is avoided, the air pressure of the two air channels is only changed in the switching process, the air outlet of each air channel can not be stopped, the air curtain can also exist continuously in the switching process, the continuity and the continuity of use are provided, and the protection function of the multi-section air curtain on the main shaft structure is further effectively ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, in order to ensure the protection effect in the air supply process and the air curtain switching process, prevent the air flow from leaking from the assembly gap, ensure the stability and accuracy of the air flow pressure in the first air distribution channel 2 and the second air distribution channel 3, a gasket 15 is further arranged between the air inlet cover 11 and the sleeve 13, two sides of the gasket 15 are respectively attached to the end surfaces of the air inlet cover 11 and the boss 133, and the inner axial surface of the gasket is abutted to the outer axial surface of the switching plate 12, so that the assembly stability of the two is ensured through the protection effect of the gasket 15, and the sealing effect between the air inlet cover 11 and the sleeve 13 is effectively formed, so that the loss effect of the air flow during the rotation of the switching plate 12 is further reduced, and the stability provided by the subsequent air flow pressure is ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, in order to facilitate the rotation of the switch plate 12, a switch block 16 and a handle 17 are disposed on one side of the switch plate 12 facing the air inlet cover 11, the switch block 16 is located at the edge position of the switch plate 12, one side of the switch block 16 forms a local fixed connection with the switch plate 12, the handle 17 is disposed along the radial direction of the switch plate 12, one end of the handle 17 is fixedly connected with the switch block 16, one side of the air inlet cover 11 facing the switch plate 12 is provided with a guide groove 111 for accommodating the switch block 16, two sides of the switch block 16 are respectively attached to the guide groove 111 and the gasket 15, the switch block 16 slides along the guide groove 111, and when in use, the switch block 16 is driven to slide to the other end of the guide groove 111 by holding and rotating the handle 17, the switch plate 12 rotates to enable the air curtain to be switched from the strong-weak differential mode to the uniform mode, and when the handle 17 is reversely rotated, the switch block 16 slides to the initial position, the switch plate 12 reversely rotates from the uniform mode to the strong-weak differential mode again, which saves time and labor, and is easy to operate.
On the basis of the above embodiment, when aiming at different processing demands, in the strong and weak differential mode, the larger and smaller positions of the air flow in the circumferential direction of the shaft body 01 are changed accordingly to form a targeted protection effect, as shown in fig. 2 and 14 to 15, an adjusting pointer 134 is arranged on the outer shaft surface of the sleeve 13, the adjusting pointer 134 is arranged towards the outer shaft cover 14, the end part of the adjusting pointer 134 is partially protruded out of the end surface of the boss 133, a plurality of scales 144 are arranged on the outer shaft surface of the outer shaft cover 14, the scales 144 are arranged at equal intervals, any scale 144 is arranged corresponding to the adjusting pointer 134 by rotating the outer shaft cover 14, and when rotating the outer shaft cover 14, the relative positions of the first air outlet 6 and the second air outlet 7 on the outer shaft cover 14 relative to the outer shaft surface of the shaft body 01 are rotated accordingly, namely, the oval air curtain runner 10a is rotated by a certain angle with the axis of the shaft body 01 as the center, so that the larger and smaller positions of the air flow are changed, the positions of the air curtain runner are rotated to the positions which need to be protected, the positions of the protection effect of the scales 144 can be accurately determined by the adjusting pointer 134, and the accurate regulation effect of the air flow distribution of the scales can be ensured.
The invention also provides a processing machine tool, as shown in fig. 16 to 18, which comprises the main shaft structure with the adjustable multi-section air curtain, and is characterized by comprising an axle box 02, a bearing 03 and an axle cover 04, wherein the axle box 02 is arranged in a hollow mode, the axle body 01 is rotationally connected with the axle box 02 through the bearing 03, and the axle cover 04 and the main shaft structure are respectively sleeved at two ends of the axle body 01 and fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the axle box 02; the spindle structure is specifically described in the above embodiment, and is not described here, when the spindle structure and the shaft end cover 04 are respectively limited by the shaft box 02 outside the shaft box 02, so that the shaft box 01 can only rotate under the action of the bearing 03, the stability of the machine tool during working is ensured, the working mode of the air flow barrier and the direction of strong and weak distribution can be freely changed according to the processing requirement during working, and the air curtain is always in the working state during switching, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of impurities such as waste in the switching process on the normal operation of the shaft box 01 caused by entering the shaft box 02, and effectively ensuring the continuity, safety and stability of the working.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A spindle structure having an adjustable multi-segment air curtain, comprising:
the air curtain assembly is used for controlling the air curtain runner to have a strong-weak difference mode and a uniform mode, and an air inlet channel, a first air dividing channel, a second air dividing channel, a first air outlet channel, a second air outlet channel, a first air outlet and a second air outlet are arranged in the air curtain assembly;
the first air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the short axis direction and tangential to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner, and the second air outlets are positioned at two ends of the air curtain runner in the long axis direction and perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the air curtain runner; the air current is from the intake duct carries respectively to first minute air flue with in the second minute air flue, first air outlet way with the second air outlet way all is provided with two, first air outlet way both ends communicate respectively first minute air flue with first gas outlet, second air outlet way both ends communicate respectively the second minute air flue with the second gas outlet.
2. The spindle structure with adjustable multi-stage air curtain according to claim 1, wherein when the air curtain runner is in the strong-weak differential mode, the air inlet channel is introduced with a small wind pressure air flow towards the first air dividing channel and a large wind pressure air flow towards the second air dividing channel, the large wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner from the second air outlet through the second air outlet channel and is dispersed towards two sides, the small wind pressure air flow enters the air curtain runner from the first air outlet through the first air outlet and forms a convection effect with the dispersed large wind pressure air flow, so that the air flow at a short axis is larger than that at a long axis;
when the air curtain runner is in the uniform mode, the air inlet channel is led with small wind pressure air flow towards the second air dividing channel and large wind pressure air flow towards the first air dividing channel, the small wind pressure air flow passes through the second air outlet channel, enters the air curtain runner from the second air outlet and meets the large wind pressure air flow to form uniform air flow when passing through the first air outlet, and the uniform air flow moves annularly along the air curtain runner under the pushing action of the large wind pressure air flow.
3. The spindle structure having an adjustable multi-stage air curtain as recited in claim 1, wherein the air curtain assembly comprises an air intake cover, a switching plate, a sleeve, and an outer shaft cover,
the sleeve with the outer axle lid overlaps in proper order and establishes on the outer axle face of axis body, just form first step and second step respectively between telescopic both ends and the outer axle face, first step with form the boss between the second step, have the accommodation groove on the boss, the switching plate sets up in the accommodation groove, the inlet cap suit is in on the first step, and with boss fixed connection, the outer axle lid cover is established the boss deviates from the one end of inlet cap.
4. The spindle structure with adjustable multistage air curtain according to claim 3, wherein the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are annular and are arranged on the end face of the sleeve facing the outer spindle cover, the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are coaxially arranged, the first air dividing channel is located on the outer side of the second air dividing channel, a dividing cavity is arranged on one side of the outer spindle cover facing the sleeve, the dividing cavity is sleeved on the second step, the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel are abutted to the cavity bottom of the dividing cavity, and the end face of the outer spindle cover facing the sleeve is abutted to the boss.
5. The main shaft structure with adjustable multistage air curtain according to claim 3, wherein the air inlet channel comprises a main air channel and a first auxiliary air channel and a second auxiliary air channel which are respectively communicated with the main air channel, the main air channel is positioned in the air inlet cover and is arranged along the radial direction of the air inlet cover, the first auxiliary air channel and the second auxiliary air channel are both arranged along the axial direction of the switching plate and the sleeve, and one end of the air inlet channel, which is away from the main air channel, is respectively communicated with the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel.
6. The spindle structure with adjustable multi-segment air curtain as set forth in claim 3, wherein the switching plate has two sets of first switching slots and second switching slots arranged at the same angle, the first switching slots are communicated with the first auxiliary air passages in the sleeve, the second switching slots are communicated with the second auxiliary air passages in the sleeve, the apertures of the first switching slots and the second switching slots are changed from one end to the other end from small to large, and the arrangement directions of the first switching slots and the second switching slots in the same set are opposite.
7. The spindle structure with adjustable multi-segment air curtain according to claim 6, wherein a gasket is further arranged between the air inlet cover and the sleeve, two sides of the gasket are respectively attached to end faces of the air inlet cover and the boss, which are opposite to each other, and an inner axial face of the gasket is abutted to an outer axial face of the switching plate.
8. The spindle structure with adjustable multistage formula air curtain according to claim 7, wherein a switching block and a handle are arranged on one side of the switching plate facing the air inlet cover, the switching block is located at the edge position of the switching plate, one side of the switching block is in partial fixed connection with the switching plate, the handle is arranged along the radial direction of the switching plate, one end of the handle is fixedly connected with the switching block, a guide groove for accommodating the switching block is arranged on one side of the air inlet cover facing the switching plate, two sides of the switching block are respectively attached to the guide groove and the gasket, and the switching block slides along the guide groove.
9. The spindle structure with adjustable multi-segment air curtain according to claim 3, wherein an adjusting pointer is arranged on an outer shaft surface of the sleeve, the adjusting pointer is arranged towards the outer shaft cover, the end part of the adjusting pointer is partially protruded out of the end face of the boss, a plurality of scales are arranged on the outer shaft surface of the outer shaft cover, the scales are arranged at equal intervals, and any one of the scales is arranged corresponding to the adjusting pointer by rotating the outer shaft cover.
10. The processing machine tool is characterized by comprising the main shaft structure with the adjustable multi-section air curtain as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, and the processing machine tool is characterized by comprising an axle box, a bearing and an axle cover, wherein the axle box is arranged in a hollow mode, the axle body is rotationally connected with the axle box through the bearing, and the axle cover and the main shaft structure are respectively sleeved at two ends of the axle body and fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the axle box.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311341654.6A CN117066543B (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Main shaft structure with adjustable multistage air curtain and processing machine tool |
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| CN202311341654.6A CN117066543B (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Main shaft structure with adjustable multistage air curtain and processing machine tool |
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| CN117066543B CN117066543B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| CN207563751U (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-07-03 | 普森精密主轴工业有限公司 | Main shaft with multisection type air curtain |
| CN109163100A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-08 | 深圳市创世纪机械有限公司 | The air-tight structure of main shaft |
| CN111716245A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-29 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Main shaft structure |
| CN112872376A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳市爱贝科精密工业股份有限公司 | Main shaft front end binary channels mechanism of blowing |
| CN216263510U (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-04-12 | 深圳市日野精密科技有限公司 | Horizontal numerical control lathe front end sealing protection structure |
| CN115555595A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-03 | 冈田精机(常州)有限公司 | Main shaft with multistage formula air curtain |
| CN116428368A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-07-14 | 深圳市祥拓主轴精密有限公司 | Sealing structure, main shaft with sealing structure and main shaft processing method |
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- 2023-10-17 CN CN202311341654.6A patent/CN117066543B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09177990A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-07-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Mechanical seal |
| CN106246925A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-21 | 北京超同步伺服股份有限公司 | Labyrinth type machine tool chief axis air curtain protection device |
| CN106826548A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-13 | 福建省正丰数控科技有限公司 | Grinding machine spindle high pressure air seal structure |
| CN207563751U (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-07-03 | 普森精密主轴工业有限公司 | Main shaft with multisection type air curtain |
| CN109163100A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-08 | 深圳市创世纪机械有限公司 | The air-tight structure of main shaft |
| CN111716245A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-29 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Main shaft structure |
| CN112872376A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳市爱贝科精密工业股份有限公司 | Main shaft front end binary channels mechanism of blowing |
| CN216263510U (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-04-12 | 深圳市日野精密科技有限公司 | Horizontal numerical control lathe front end sealing protection structure |
| CN115555595A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-03 | 冈田精机(常州)有限公司 | Main shaft with multistage formula air curtain |
| CN116428368A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-07-14 | 深圳市祥拓主轴精密有限公司 | Sealing structure, main shaft with sealing structure and main shaft processing method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117066543B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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