CN117045593B - 一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物水凝胶的医学应用领域,公开了一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括:在低温时将Pluronic F127加入到超纯水中,搅拌至完全溶解,形成温敏水凝胶骨架;在Pluronic F127溶液中加入质量分数为1%~3%的醋酸和壳聚糖或者氧氟沙星溶液,低温下搅拌形成温敏水凝胶。本发明制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶利用了Pluronic F127的温敏特性,将其作为温敏骨架将抗菌药物留在中耳腔内,可以使药物长期保留在中耳腔内,形成一种新型的中耳炎治疗方式。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物水凝胶的医学应用领域,特别涉及一种可用于治疗慢性中耳炎的抗菌温敏水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
慢性中耳炎的发病率为2%~4%,并且患者数量呈现逐年增多趋势,因此开发慢性中耳炎疾病的有效治疗方式具有重要的经济价值和临床意义。由于液体药物泄露等问题,目前临床上采用的治疗方法,如抗生素滴耳液,无法长期稳定保留在中耳腔内,从而不能高效地杀灭耳内细菌,使得中耳炎的复发率高、难以根治。因此,开发一种可使抗菌药物稳定保留在中耳腔内的方法对于中耳炎治疗具有重要意义。
近年来,研究者们开发了一种通过鼓膜渗透导入小分子药物到中耳的治疗方法,但是由于药物的加载量有限,治疗效果仍然达不到临床要求。温敏凝胶是一种对环境温度变化做出响应并产生相变的制剂,具有可注射、可在体内封存等优势。其中Pluronic F127是一种聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚三嵌段共聚物,可溶于水,具有反向可逆热相变性质,即低温(4℃~10℃)时为液体流动态,温度升高至室温或体温时变为半固态。
申请公开号为CN105944076A的专利公开了一种治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的滴耳液,其成分包括斑蝥素、苯甲酸、双氯芬酸钠、白杨素、磷酸钙、抗菌肽、乙酰丙酸、龙脑香醇酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、维生素C、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和醋酸盐缓冲液等。该药物具有很好的杀菌、消炎和止痒的作用,用于治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎,可以促使脓液消退吸收,修复鼓膜穿孔的症状,使听力恢复正常,对慢性化脓性中耳炎的治疗效果显著。但是滴耳液无法长期稳定保留在中耳腔内,从而不能高效地杀灭耳内细菌,使得中耳炎的复发率高、难以根治。壳聚糖是一种碱性多糖,具有良好的抗氧化性和抗菌活性。大多数慢性中耳炎是由于流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌导致的,但是在慢性中耳炎患者治疗时还未发现将壳聚糖和氧氟沙星用于慢性中耳炎治疗的报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种治疗慢性中耳炎的抗菌温敏水凝胶,改善现有临床技术在中耳炎治疗上效果不佳的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶,包括:温敏骨架Pluronic F127和抗菌添加剂。
优选地,所述抗菌添加剂为非抗生素类壳聚糖或抗生素类氧氟沙星溶液,所述温敏骨架Pluronic F127与非抗生素类壳聚糖的质量比为(15~25):(0.1~2),所述温敏骨架Pluronic F127与抗生素类氧氟沙星溶液的质量比为(15~25):(0.1~0.4)。
本发明还提供一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括:
在低温时将Pluronic F127加入到超纯水中,搅拌至完全溶解,形成温敏水凝胶骨架;
在Pluronic F127溶液中加入质量分数为1%~3%的醋酸和壳聚糖或者氧氟沙星溶液,低温下搅拌形成温敏水凝胶。
优选地,所述低温为1℃~10℃。
优选地,所述的抗菌温敏水凝胶在治疗慢性中耳炎中的应用。
本发明还提供一种抗菌温敏水凝胶在治疗慢性中耳炎中的应用。
优选地,所述应用的具体方法为:在低温流动态时,将所述抗菌温敏水凝胶通过鼓膜滴入中耳腔内。
优选地,所述抗菌温敏水凝胶溶液的滴入量为0.05mL~0.8mL。
优选地,所述低温流动态时的温度为1℃~10℃。
本发明所达到的有益效果:
1.本发明制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶利用了Pluronic F127的温敏特性,低温(4℃~10℃)时为液体流动态,温度升高至室温或体温时则变为半固态。在制备过程中PluronicF127在低温条件下为液体,易于加工,制备成温敏水凝胶后,水凝胶滴入耳腔内后,由于温度的变化,由液体变为半固态,从而可将药物长期保留在中耳腔内。除了温敏骨架PluronicF127外凝胶还含有生物可吸收的抗菌物质,如壳聚糖或氧氟沙星,能在1至3天内在体内被吸收,因此形成了一种新型的中耳炎治疗方式。
2.本发明利用Pluronic F127在低温时为液体的特性,在1℃~10℃的条件下,将其溶于水中,再将壳聚糖或氧氟沙星加入到Pluronic F127溶液中,低温下搅拌即可得到抗菌温敏水凝胶,整个制备过程只需在1℃~10℃的条件下进行,并且不需要加入其他物质,工艺可行性高,简单且条件温和。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的粘度变化趋势;
图2为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的模量变化趋势;
图3为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的的实物照片;
图4为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶在小鼠耳内应用7天后鼓膜的照片;
图5为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶在小鼠耳内应用7天后鼓膜的染色图像;
图6为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶的细胞活性;
图7为实施例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶的脏器毒性表征;
图8为实施例4制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的粘度变化趋势;
图9为实施例4制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的模量变化趋势;
图10为实施例4制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶在小鼠耳内应用7天后鼓膜的照片;
图11为对比例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的粘度变化趋势;
图12为对比例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的模量变化趋势;
图13为对比例1制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶在小鼠耳内应用7天后鼓膜的照片;
图14为对比例2制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的粘度变化趋势;
图15为对比例2制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶随温度变化的模量变化趋势;
图16为对比例2制备的抗菌温敏水凝胶在小鼠耳内应用7天后鼓膜的照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取2g Pluronic F127颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,加入10mL 2%的醋酸溶液,4℃磁力搅拌6h,得到澄清的透明溶液。
(2)在透明溶液中加入0.2g壳聚糖颗粒,4℃磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
(3)使用流变仪测试水凝胶的模量和粘度变化。测试系统类型为平行板,在振荡模式下,进行固定应变、频率的温度扫描。其中频率为1Hz,应变为1%。结果如图1和图3所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶流动性的差异;如图2所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶的相变行为,其中G'为储能模量,G”为损耗模量,tanδ=G”/G',tanδ>1表示为凝胶态,tanδ<1表示为液态。由图1和2可知,该水凝胶在10~20℃时,保持较低的粘度,当温度达到35℃左右时,粘度会大幅度提高,也由液态变成了凝胶态。
(4)在添加了10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM培养基中,加入复合水凝胶与大鼠成纤维细胞,再将其放入5%CO2、37℃的培养箱共培养。采用CCK-8法和活/死细胞实验评估复合水凝胶的细胞毒性,结果如图6所示。图6中复合水凝胶与正常生长的细胞活死情况相同,可见复合水凝胶对细胞活性没有明显影响。
(5)将大鼠随机分为两组(n=3),一组注射复合水凝胶,另一组注射生理盐水作为对照。注射后2周处死大鼠,取其主要脏器(心、肝、脾、肺、肾)进行HE染色,进行组织学分析,结果如图7所示。图7中复合水凝胶与生理盐水的活性相当,表明没有脏器毒性。
实施例2
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取2g Pluronic F127颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,加入10mL 2%的醋酸溶液,4℃磁力搅拌6h,得到澄清的透明溶液。
(2)在透明溶液中加入0.1g壳聚糖颗粒,4℃磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
实施例3
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取2g Pluronic F127颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,加入10mL 2%的醋酸溶液,4℃磁力搅拌6h,得到澄清的透明溶液。
(2)在透明溶液中加入0.005g壳聚糖颗粒,4℃磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
实施例4
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取2g Pluronic F127颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,4℃磁力搅拌6h,得到澄清的透明溶液。
(2)在透明溶液中加入0.03g氧氟沙星溶液,4℃磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
(3)使用流变仪测试水凝胶的模量和粘度变化。测试系统类型为平行板,在振荡模式下,进行固定应变、频率的温度扫描。其中频率为1Hz,应变为1%。结果如图8所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶流动性的差异;如图9所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶的相变行为,其中G'为储能模量,G”为损耗模量,tanδ=G”/G',tanδ>1表示为凝胶态,tanδ<1表示为液态。
对比例1
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取2g Pluronic F127颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,然后加入10mL 2%的醋酸溶液,4℃磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
(2)使用流变仪测试水凝胶的模量和粘度变化。测试系统类型为平行板,在振荡模式下,进行固定应变、频率的温度扫描。其中频率为1Hz,应变为1%。结果如图11所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶流动性的差异;如图12所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶的相变行为,其中G'为储能模量,G”为损耗模量,tanδ=G”/G',tanδ>1表示为凝胶态,tanδ<1表示为液态。由图11和12可知,该水凝胶在10~20℃时,保持较低的粘度,当温度达到35℃左右时,粘度会大幅度提高,也由液态变成了凝胶态。
对比例2
一种用于慢性中耳炎治疗的抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取0.2g壳聚糖颗粒置于20mL试剂瓶中,然后加入10mL 2%的醋酸溶液,室温磁力搅拌6h,使颗粒完全溶解,得到抗菌温敏水凝胶。
(2)使用流变仪测试水凝胶的模量和粘度变化。测试系统类型为平行板,在振荡模式下,进行固定应变、频率的温度扫描。其中频率为1Hz,应变为1%。结果如图14所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶流动性的差异;如图15所示,可见在不同温度下的凝胶的相变行为,其中G'为储能模量,G”为损耗模量,tanδ=G”/G',tanδ>1表示为凝胶态,tanδ<1表示为液态。由图14和15可知该水凝胶在不同温度下其粘度并没有变化,也一直处于液态。
试验1
对小鼠中耳注射金黄色葡萄球菌溶液进行造模,将实施例1~4和对比例1~2所制备的水凝胶在低温流动态时分别注射到小鼠中耳腔内,通过耳镜观察鼓膜愈合情况以及涂布取样,观察细菌数量变化,如图4、5、10、13、16所示。
表1水凝胶抑菌试验效果
组别 | 7d后鼓膜愈合情况 | 涂布取样结果 |
实施例1 | 鼓膜缺口闭合并呈现透明状 | 无细菌残留 |
实施例2 | 鼓膜缺口闭合并呈现透明状 | 无细菌残留 |
实施例3 | 鼓膜缺口尚未闭合并伴随部分炎症 | 有细菌残留 |
实施例4 | 鼓膜缺口闭合并呈现透明状 | 无细菌残留 |
对比例1 | 鼓膜缺口尚未闭合并伴随部分炎症 | 有细菌残留 |
对比例2 | 鼓膜缺口尚未闭合并伴随部分炎症 | 有细菌残留 |
从表1可知,只有Pluronic F127或壳聚糖其中一种物质所制备的水凝胶,其抗菌效果及对中耳炎的治疗效果不佳。实施例1和实施例2是使用Pluronic F127和壳聚糖制备的水凝胶,其对中耳炎有很好的治疗效果。实施例3虽然也是使用Pluronic F127和壳聚糖制备的水凝胶,但是其使用的壳聚糖的量仅为实施例3的5%,因此其对中耳炎的治疗效果也不佳。实施例4是使用Pluronic F127和氧氟沙星溶液制备的水凝胶,其对中耳炎也有很好的治疗效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种抗菌温敏水凝胶在制备治疗慢性中耳炎的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌温敏水凝胶包括:温敏骨架Pluronic F127和抗菌添加剂,所述抗菌添加剂为非抗生素类壳聚糖,所述温敏骨架Pluronic F127与非抗生素类壳聚糖的质量比为(15~25):(0.1~2);
所述抗菌温敏水凝胶的制备方法包括:
在1℃~10℃时将 Pluronic F127加入到超纯水中,搅拌至完全溶解,形成温敏水凝胶骨架;
在Pluronic F127溶液中加入质量分数为1%~3%的醋酸和壳聚糖,1℃~10℃下搅拌形成温敏水凝胶。
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