CN117038243A - Iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Cr].[Co] WBWJXRJARNTNBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910017110 Fe—Cr—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001199 N alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynevanadium Chemical compound [V]#N SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001330 spinodal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of alloy materials, and the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.0% -59.0% Fe, 25.0% -27.0% Cr, 14.0% -16.0% Co, 0.8% -1.0% Si, 1.0% -2.0% V and 0.02% -0.03% N. According to the invention, VN particles are formed in the Fe-Cr-Co alloy, so that the technical effect that the alloy material has magnetic performance and processing performance is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Fe-Cr-Co (FeCrCo) permanent magnetic alloy is a deformable permanent magnetic alloy, and has good deformability and magnetic properties, so that the Fe-Cr-Co (FeCrCo) permanent magnetic alloy becomes a large class of permanent magnetic materials. Particularly, with the requirement of social development, feCrCo permanent magnet alloy has low strategic element cobalt content and relatively high magnetic property, so that the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy is widely applied to industrial production.
In recent years, along with the daily and monthly variation of economic and technological technologies in China, important application fields of magnetic materials are further subdivided. For example, new hysteresis motors, over-rotation motors, military instruments and the like all require magnetic materials with higher magnetic properties, but the existing iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy with higher magnetic properties has the problem of poor processability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the magnetic performance and the processing performance of the existing iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy cannot be achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.0% -59.0% Fe, 25.0% -27.0% Cr, 14.0% -16.0% Co, 0.8% -1.0% Si, 1.0% -2.0% V and 0.02% -0.03% N.
Optionally, the remanence of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy is more than or equal to 8000G, and the coercive force is more than or equal to 800Oe.
Optionally, the hardness of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy is less than or equal to 400HV.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy as described above, the method comprising the steps of:
smelting raw materials of all elements according to mass percentages to obtain steel ingots;
carrying out solution treatment and amplitude modulation decomposition on the steel ingot to obtain a sample;
tempering the sample to obtain the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy.
Optionally, smelting raw materials of each element according to the mass percentage, and obtaining the steel ingot comprises the following steps:
according to the mass percentage, industrial pure iron, metallic chromium, electrolytic cobalt, ferrosilicon and vanadium-nitrogen alloy are put into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting;
and (3) carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the molten metal in the vacuum induction furnace, and casting the molten metal into the steel ingot after slow cooling.
Optionally, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1100-1300 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 20-30 min.
Optionally, the isothermal treatment temperature of the amplitude modulation decomposition is 620-670 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the amplitude modulation decomposition is 30-100 min.
Optionally, the tempering treatment comprises multi-stage tempering, and the conditions of each stage tempering comprise: the temperature is 400-615 ℃, the time is 60-250 min, and the tempering temperature of each stage is reduced in sequence.
Optionally, the multi-stage tempering process includes: first-stage tempering, wherein the sample is subjected to heat preservation for 25-35 min at the temperature of 605-615 ℃ and then cooled to enter the next-stage tempering; second-stage tempering, namely, cooling to 595-605 ℃, preserving heat for 55-65 min, cooling and entering the next-stage tempering; third tempering, namely reducing the temperature to 575-585 ℃, preserving heat for 115-125 min, and reducing the temperature to enter the next tempering stage; fourth-stage tempering, namely, cooling to 555-565 ℃, preserving heat for 175-185 min, cooling and entering the next-stage tempering; fifth tempering, the temperature is reduced to 540-545 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 235-245 min.
Optionally, after the step of multi-stage tempering, further comprising:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the sample subjected to tempering treatment at 390-410 ℃ for 690-1000 min.
The invention provides an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.0% -59.0% Fe, 25.0% -27.0% Cr, 14.0% -16.0% Co, 0.8% -1.0% Si, 1.0% -2.0% V and 0.02% -0.03% N. Based on Fe, cr and Co elements, a small amount of Si elements are added, an alpha phase region of iron is enlarged, an alpha phase is stabilized, V elements and N elements can form nanoscale VN particles, alpha phase grains can be effectively thinned by utilizing the nanoscale VN particles in a heat treatment process, so that a magnetic phase and a nonmagnetic phase after amplitude modulation decomposition are thinned, and simultaneously, the VN particles generated in the alloy are used as the nonmagnetic phase to improve the coercive force of the alloy, improve the deformation resistance of the surface of the alloy, and realize both high magnetic performance and good processing performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy according to the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The Fe-Cr-Co (FeCrCo) permanent magnetic alloy is a deformable permanent magnetic alloy, and has good deformability and magnetic properties, so that the Fe-Cr-Co (FeCrCo) permanent magnetic alloy becomes a large class of permanent magnetic materials. Particularly, with the requirement of social development, feCrCo permanent magnet alloy has low strategic element cobalt content and relatively high magnetic property, so that the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy is widely applied to industrial production. In recent years, along with the daily and monthly variation of economic and technological technologies in China, important application fields of magnetic materials are further subdivided. For example, newly emerging hysteresis motors, over-speed motors, and some military instruments, etc., require isotropic FeCrCo alloys with higher magnetic properties.
At present, on the basis of FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy, alloy components are properly changed, alloying elements such as Al, mo, si, V and the like are added, and the influence of the components on the magnetic performance of isotropic FeCrCo alloy is researched, and more related reports are reported. The FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy obtains permanent magnet performance through inflection point decomposition, and the coercive force of the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy can reach 600Oe, and the remanence is 1.0T. However, if the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy is used as a magnetic recording drum material, the coercivity is still low, and although the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy can be applied, the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy has the problems of poor processing performance, easy deformation of the surface, scratches, uneven magnetization and the like. In addition, the surface of the FeCrCo permanent magnet alloy material is oxidized after being placed for a period of time, so that the continuous use of the material is not facilitated.
The embodiment of the invention provides an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.0% -59.0% Fe, 25.0% -27.0% Cr, 14.0% -16.0% Co, 0.8% -1.0% Si, 1.0% -2.0% V and 0.02% -0.03% N.
The Fe element accounts for 54.0% -59.0% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass, for example, 54.0%, 54.5%, 55.0%, 55.5%, 56.0%, 56.5%, 57.0%, 57.5%, 58.0%, 58.5% and 59.0%. The Cr element accounts for 25.0-27.0% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass, for example, 25.0%, 25.5%, 26.0%, 26.5% and 27.0%. The Co element accounts for 14.0-16.0% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass, for example, 14.0%, 14.4%, 14.8%, 15.0%, 15.2%, 15.6% and 16.0%. Fe. The Cr and Co elements are basic elements in the alloy and occupy most of the proportion in the alloy. The Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy can be considered as being developed by adding Co on the basis of Fe-Cr binary alloy according to the Spinodal decomposition theory, and the FeCrCo alloy forms a single alpha phase in a high temperature region, and forms alpha 1 and alpha 2 phases through Spinodal decomposition. The iron-chromium-cobalt element in the alloy forms a magnetic phase and coexists with phases formed by other alloy elements.
The Si element accounts for 0.8-1.0% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass percent, for example, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95% and 1.0%. The Si element is an element with a body-centered cubic structure, and a small amount of the Si element is added into the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy, so that an alpha phase region of Fe can be enlarged, an alpha phase is stabilized, and the addition of Co element is reduced to a certain extent. The Co element is expensive, and the preparation cost of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy can be reduced by reducing the content of the Co element. And Si element can help to reduce the solid solution temperature of the alloy, improve the cold and hot workability of the alloy and improve the magnetic property of the alloy material.
The V element accounts for 1.0% -2.0% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass, for example, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8% and 2.0%. The N element accounts for 0.02-0.03% of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy by mass, for example, 0.02%, 0.022%, 0.024%, 0.026%, 0.028% and 0.03%. The V element and the N element form nano VN particles, and in the heat treatment process, alpha-phase grains can be effectively refined by utilizing the nano VN particles, so that the magnetic phase and the non-magnetic phase after amplitude modulation decomposition are refined, and the VN particles generated in the alloy are used as the non-magnetic phase to improve the coercive force of the alloy. The addition amount of the V element and the N element at least meets the condition that V/N is more than or equal to 3.8, under the condition, all the N element can be compounded with the V element to form VN particles, and the redundant V element can still play a role in refining grains, so that the magnetic property and the processing property of the alloy are not excessively influenced.
Through the arrangement of the above element components and the proportion, based on Fe, cr and Co elements, a small amount of Si elements are added, an alpha phase region of iron is enlarged, an alpha phase is stabilized, V elements and N elements can form nanoscale VN particles, in the heat treatment process, alpha phase grains can be effectively refined by utilizing the nanoscale VN particles, so that magnetic phases and nonmagnetic phases after amplitude modulation decomposition are refined, and simultaneously, the VN particles generated in the alloy are used as nonmagnetic phases to improve the coercive force of the alloy, improve the deformation resistance of the alloy surface, and realize both high magnetic performance and good processing performance.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the preparation method of an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy includes:
step S10, smelting raw materials of all elements according to mass percentages to obtain steel ingots;
illustratively, the industrial pure iron, the metallic chromium, the electrolytic cobalt, the ferrosilicon and the vanadium-nitrogen alloy are placed in a vacuum induction furnace for smelting according to the mass percentage of 54.0% -59.0% of Fe, 25.0% -27.0% of Cr, 14.0% -16.0% of Co, 0.8% -1.0% of Si, 1.0% -2.0% of V and 0.02% -0.03% of N; and (3) carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the molten metal in the vacuum induction furnace, and casting into steel ingots after slow cooling.
Among the above raw materials, industrial pure iron provides iron element, metallic chromium provides chromium element, electrolytic cobalt provides cobalt element, ferrosilicon provides silicon element and iron element, and vanadium-nitrogen alloy provides vanadium element and nitrogen element. The Si, V and N elements with small addition amount are added in the form of intermediate alloy, so that the addition amount is convenient to control.
The raw materials are prepared into steel ingots by vacuum induction melting. The adopted equipment is a vacuum induction furnace, the raw materials are smelted at high temperature in the vacuum induction furnace to form liquid molten metal, the molten metal can be subjected to electromagnetic stirring, the superheat degree of the molten metal is improved or eliminated, and the solidification process of a casting blank is controlled. The melted metal after smelting can be poured into a mould to be slowly cooled to form a steel ingot.
Step S20, carrying out solution treatment and amplitude modulation decomposition on the steel ingot to obtain a sample;
the steel ingot is subjected to solution treatment at 1100-1300 ℃, such as 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1250 ℃, 1300 ℃, and 20-30 min, such as 20min, 22min, 24min, 25min, 26min, 28min, 30min. The solution treatment ensures that the components in the alloy are more uniform, forms a single alpha phase, is beneficial to improving the coercive force of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy, improves the processing performance and can not oxidize. After solution treatment, water cooling can be carried out, and then the solution enters into the step of amplitude modulation decomposition.
The amplitude modulation decomposition comprises isothermal treatment, wherein isothermal treatment temperature can be 620-670 ℃, such as 620 ℃, 630 ℃, 640 ℃, 650 ℃, 660 ℃, 670 ℃, and the temperature preservation time of amplitude modulation decomposition can be 30-100 min, such as 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min, 70min, 80min, 90min, 100min. The amplitude modulation decomposition refers to the process that a supersaturated solid solution is decomposed into two phases with the same structure and different components at a certain temperature, and a sample subjected to amplitude modulation treatment has stronger directivity, so that the hard magnetic property of the alloy is improved.
And step S30, tempering the sample to obtain the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy.
The tempering treatment can eliminate residual stress in the sample, prevent deformation and cracking, and improve and enhance the processing performance. The tempering treatment may comprise a multi-stage tempering, the conditions of each stage tempering comprising: the temperature is in the range of 400-615 ℃, the time is in the range of 60-250 min, and the tempering temperature of each stage is reduced in sequence. In the multistage tempering process, the samples are kept at the gradually reduced temperature for different times, so that the strength and hardness of the samples are reduced, but the plasticity is improved, and the processability is improved.
For example, the multi-stage tempering process may include: first-stage tempering, wherein the sample is subjected to temperature of 605-615 ℃, such as 605 ℃, 610 ℃ and 615 ℃ and is kept for 25-35 min, such as 25min, 30min and 35min, and then cooled to enter the next-stage tempering; second-stage tempering, wherein the temperature is reduced to 595-605 ℃, for example, 595 ℃, 600 ℃ and 605 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 55-65 min, for example, 55min, 60min and 65min, and the temperature is reduced to enter the next-stage tempering; third tempering, wherein the temperature is reduced to 575-585 ℃, such as 575-580 ℃, 585 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 115-125 min, such as 115min, 120min and 125min, and the temperature is reduced to enter the next tempering stage; fourth-stage tempering, wherein the temperature is reduced to 555-565 ℃, such as 555 ℃, 560 ℃, 565 ℃, and 175-185 min, such as 175min, 180min, 185min, and the temperature is reduced to enter the next-stage tempering; fifth tempering, the temperature is reduced to 540-545 ℃, such as 540 ℃, 543 ℃, 545 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 235-245 min, such as 235min, 240min and 245min. Through the five-stage tempering process, the plasticity of the sample is improved, so that the processability of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy is improved, and scratches and oxidization are not easy to generate on the surface.
In some possible embodiments, after the step of multi-stage tempering, it may further comprise: and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the sample subjected to tempering treatment at 390-410 ℃ for 690-1000 min. The sample is further processed under the temperature condition lower than the tempering process temperature, and long heat preservation time is set, so that the alloy can obtain higher magnetic performance, and conditions are provided for deformation processing of the alloy.
The remanence Br of the prepared Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy is more than or equal to 8000G, the coercive force Hc is more than or equal to 800Oe, and the hardness is less than or equal to 400HV. The Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy with the performance has large coercive force and remanence, can meet the use requirement of magnetic recording materials, has improved processing performance, and is not easy to scratch and oxidize on the surface.
In the embodiment, proper smelting, solution treatment, amplitude modulation decomposition and tempering are set, the prepared iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy is based on Fe, cr and Co elements, a small amount of Si elements are added, an alpha phase region of iron is enlarged, an alpha phase is stabilized, V elements and N elements can form nanoscale VN particles, the nanoscale VN particles can be utilized to effectively refine alpha phase grains in the heat treatment process, so that magnetic phases and nonmagnetic phases after amplitude modulation decomposition are refined, and simultaneously VN particles generated in the alloy are used as nonmagnetic phases to improve the coercive force of the alloy, improve the deformation resistance of the alloy surface, and realize both high magnetic performance and good processing performance.
Example 1
The mass percentages of the chemical elements are as follows: 25.8% of Cr, 15% of Co, 0.9% of Si, 57.08% of Fe, 0.02% of N and 1.2% of V.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloying with industrial pure iron, metallic chromium, electrolytic cobalt, ferrosilicon, vanadium-nitrogen alloy and the like, smelting the alloy by adopting a 100kg vacuum induction furnace, adding vacuum to stir and smelt, casting into ingots, and casting into steel ingots with the weight of 95kg. The ingot cutting riser is forged to a proper size after skinning, and is cut into a sample.
(2) Carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out water cooling to enable the alloy to form a single alpha phase; then isothermal heat treatment is carried out at 635 ℃ for 30min, and the temperature is cooled to 500 ℃ along with the furnace.
(3) Performing multi-stage tempering, wherein the first stage tempering: preserving the temperature at 610 ℃ for 30min; second-stage tempering: preserving heat at 600 ℃ for 60min; third-stage tempering: preserving heat at 580 ℃ for 120min; fourth-stage tempering: preserving heat at 560 ℃ for 180min; fifth-stage tempering: the temperature is kept at 540 ℃ for 240min. Then preserving the temperature at 400 ℃ for 800min.
Example 2
The mass percentages of the chemical elements are as follows: 25.8% of Cr, 15% of Co, 0.9% of Si, 56.478% of Fe, 0.022% of N and 1.8% of V.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloying with industrial pure iron, metallic chromium, electrolytic cobalt, ferrosilicon, vanadium-nitrogen alloy and the like, smelting the alloy by adopting a 100kg vacuum induction furnace, adding vacuum to stir and smelt, casting ingot, and casting into a steel ingot with the weight of 95kg. The ingot cutting riser is forged to a proper size after skinning, and is cut into a sample.
(2) Carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out water cooling to enable the alloy to form a single alpha phase; then isothermal heat treatment is carried out at 635 ℃ for 30min, and the temperature is cooled to 500 ℃ along with the furnace.
(3) Performing multi-stage tempering, wherein the first stage tempering: preserving the temperature at 610 ℃ for 30min; second-stage tempering: preserving heat at 600 ℃ for 60min; third-stage tempering: preserving heat at 580 ℃ for 120min; fourth-stage tempering: preserving heat at 560 ℃ for 180min; fifth-stage tempering: the temperature is kept at 540 ℃ for 240min. Then preserving the temperature at 400 ℃ for 800min.
Comparative example 1
The mass percentages of the chemical elements are as follows: 25% of Cr, 16% of Co, 1.0% of Si and 58% of Fe.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloying industrial pure iron, metallic chromium, electrolytic cobalt, ferrosilicon and the like, smelting alloy by adopting a 100kg vacuum induction furnace, adding vacuum, stirring and smelting, casting ingot, and casting into a steel ingot with the weight of 95kg. The ingot cutting riser is forged to a proper size after skinning, and is cut into a sample.
(2) Carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out water cooling to enable the alloy to form a single alpha phase; then isothermal heat treatment is carried out at 635 ℃ for 30min, and the temperature is cooled to 500 ℃ along with the furnace.
(3) Performing multi-stage tempering, wherein the first stage tempering: preserving the temperature at 610 ℃ for 30min; second-stage tempering: preserving heat at 600 ℃ for 60min; third-stage tempering: preserving heat at 580 ℃ for 120min; fourth-stage tempering: preserving heat at 560 ℃ for 180min; fifth-stage tempering: the temperature is kept at 540 ℃ for 240min. Then preserving the temperature at 400 ℃ for 800min.
Test results and analysis
The alloy materials obtained in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1 were subjected to machining test, and the test results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Numbering device | Br/G | Hc/Oe | hardness/HV |
| Comparative example 1 | 7000 | 500 | 420 |
| Example 1 | 8200 | 812 | 395 |
| Example 2 | 8500 | 860 | 390 |
The results show that: the materials of examples 1-2 had good surface finish quality compared to comparative example 1, were no longer deformed or scratched, remained metallic luster after half a year in air, and were not oxidized. The residual magnetism and the coercive force of the examples 1-2 are also greatly improved compared with those of the comparative example 1, and the magnetic performance and the processing performance are both achieved.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.
Claims (10)
1. An iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 54.0% -59.0% Fe, 25.0% -27.0% Cr, 14.0% -16.0% Co, 0.8% -1.0% Si, 1.0% -2.0% V and 0.02% -0.03% N.
2. The iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 1, wherein the remanence of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy is more than or equal to 8000G and the coercivity is more than or equal to 800Oe.
3. The iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy is less than or equal to 400HV.
4. A method for preparing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
smelting raw materials of all elements according to mass percentages to obtain steel ingots;
carrying out solution treatment and amplitude modulation decomposition on the steel ingot to obtain a sample;
tempering the sample to obtain the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloy.
5. The method for preparing the iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 4, wherein the step of taking raw materials of each element according to mass percent for smelting to obtain the steel ingot comprises the following steps:
according to the mass percentage, industrial pure iron, metallic chromium, electrolytic cobalt, ferrosilicon and vanadium-nitrogen alloy are put into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting;
and (3) carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the molten metal in the vacuum induction furnace, and casting the molten metal into the steel ingot after slow cooling.
6. The method for producing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 1100 ℃ to 1300 ℃, and the time of the solution treatment is 20min to 30min.
7. The method for preparing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy according to claim 4, wherein the isothermal treatment temperature of the amplitude modulation decomposition is 620 ℃ to 670 ℃, and the temperature preservation time of the amplitude modulation decomposition is 30min to 100min.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the tempering treatment comprises a multi-stage tempering, each stage tempering comprising: the temperature is 400-615 ℃, the time is 25-245 min, and the tempering temperature of each stage is reduced in sequence.
9. The method for preparing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 8, wherein the multi-stage tempering process comprises: first-stage tempering, wherein the sample is subjected to heat preservation for 25-35 min at the temperature of 605-615 ℃ and then cooled to enter the next-stage tempering; second-stage tempering, namely, cooling to 595-605 ℃, preserving heat for 55-65 min, cooling and entering the next-stage tempering; third tempering, namely reducing the temperature to 575-585 ℃, preserving heat for 115-125 min, and reducing the temperature to enter the next tempering stage; fourth-stage tempering, namely, cooling to 555-565 ℃, preserving heat for 175-185 min, cooling and entering the next-stage tempering; fifth tempering, the temperature is reduced to 540-545 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 235-245 min.
10. The method of producing an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy according to claim 9, further comprising, after the step of multi-stage tempering:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the sample subjected to tempering treatment at 390-410 ℃ for 690-1000 min.
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