CN110735081A - Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy and its preparation method - Google Patents
Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal materials, wherein the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 7.8-8.2% of Co, 25-28% of Cr, 0.2-1% of trace elements and the balance Fe, wherein the trace elements are or more of Si, Ti, V and Mo.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to kinds of iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloys and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the diversified development of products in the electromechanical industry and the information industry, the demand of high-performance magnetic materials is increasing. The magnetic alloy materials used in large quantities on the market are mainly alnico, ferrite, rare earth, etc., which are produced by casting or powder metallurgy, have poor mechanical properties and no processability in spite of high magnetic properties, and cannot be used for manufacturing thin, long, complex-shaped, and precise-sized magnetic elements.
The Fe-Cr-Co magnetic material has magnetic and physical properties similar to those of AlNiCo magnetic material, Fe-Cr-Co alloy is developed by adding Co on the basis of Fe-Cr binary alloy according to Spinodal decomposition theory, FeCrCo alloy forms single α phase in a high temperature region, then forms α 1 and α 2 phases through Spinodal decomposition, and then increases the difference of two phase components in a tempering process, so that high magnetic performance can be obtained.
For example, patent application publication No. CN107893199A discloses Co27 fe-cr-Co soft magnetic alloy steel strips, which are made of Co27 fe-cr-Co alloy through smelting and processing, and the elements are reasonably optimized in proportion, so that the Co27 fe-cr-Co soft magnetic alloy steel strips have the characteristics of high magnetic induction intensity, high curie point and large saturated magnetostriction coefficient, the volume is greatly reduced, larger attraction force can be generated under the same cross-sectional area, and the processing performance is improved by adding a proper amount of vanadium.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, th object of the present invention is to provide ferrochromium-cobalt semihard magnetic alloys, which greatly reduce the amount of cobalt used, reduce the production cost and have the advantage of good workability.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of kinds of ferrochrome-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloys, which has the advantages of simple production process and short production period, and the ferrochrome-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloys have higher magnetic performance through reasonable arrangement of each processing procedure.
In order to achieve the th object, the invention provides the following technical solutions:
kinds of Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared with Co 7.8-8.2 wt%, Cr 25-28 wt%, trace elements 0.2-1 wt% and Fe for the rest, and the trace elements are kinds of Si, Ti, V and Mo.
By adopting the technical scheme, the content of cobalt in the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is 7.8-8.2%, compared with the existing machinable Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy material (the content of cobalt is more than or equal to 20% like ), the content of cobalt is greatly reduced, so that the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, the magnetic performance of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is high through reasonable matching of all raw materials, the ordering of α phases can be inhibited at low temperature by adding a proper amount of trace elements, the magnetic performance of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is improved, the processing performance of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is greatly improved, and the processing requirements of medium and high-end products are met.
Preferably, the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
7.9-8.1% of Co, 25.5-27% of Cr, 0.4-0.8% of trace elements and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8 percent of Co, 26 percent of Cr, 0.5 percent of trace elements and the balance of Fe.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw material proportion is further optimized in step , and the machinability and magnetic property of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy are improved on the basis of ensuring the low cobalt content of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
a. smelting and ingot casting: heating the raw materials of the metal iron, chromium and cobalt and the raw materials of the trace elements to 1150-1250 ℃, carrying out vacuum melting, smelting for 20-30 min, then carrying out casting, and cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
b. rolling: hot rolling and forming;
c. quenching: heating the steel ingot subjected to hot rolling forming to 1230 +/-10 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15-20 min, discharging, carrying out high-temperature quenching, taking a quenching medium as water, and then carrying out coarse grinding on the quenching medium to prepare an element;
d. magnetic field heat treatment: placing the element in an isothermal magnetic field for processing, wherein the magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 2000 oersted (Oe), and cooling the element subjected to isothermal magnetic field processing to room temperature at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min;
e. a tempering procedure: performing step tempering on the element subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment, gradually decreasing the temperature of each stage of tempering furnace, gradually increasing the tempering heat preservation time of each stage, and finally discharging and air cooling;
f. magnetic detection: and carrying out aging treatment on the tempered element to obtain the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
By adopting the technical scheme, the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy has higher magnetic performance through reasonable arrangement of each processing procedure.
, in the step b, the hot rolling temperature is 1050-1150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the steel ingot is heated to 1050-1150 ℃ and is kept warm for 30min, so that the steel ingot is uniformly and thoroughly heated, and the preparation is made for rolling.
, wherein the temperature of the medium water for high-temperature quenching in the step c is 30-45 ℃.
, in the step d, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 640 ℃, and the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 1-2 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the magnetic field heat treatment is carried out on the element, so that the direction of magnetic ions or ion pairs in the element is ordered, the original magnetic domain structures with different magnetization directions in the element are changed into the magnetic domain structure with the easy magnetization direction approximately parallel to the magnetic field orientation, and the magnetic permeability is increased.
, in the step e, the tempering process specifically comprises:
tempering at grade , namely, the charging temperature is 610 ℃, the temperature of the element in the furnace is raised to 610 ℃, the element is uniformly and completely heated, and then the temperature is reduced to the tempering temperature of the lower grade after the element is kept for 40 min;
second-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 570 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage lower tempering temperature;
third-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
fourth-stage tempering: reducing the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, preserving the temperature for 80min, discharging and air cooling.
By adopting the technical scheme, the internal stress generated by the element during quenching is reduced or eliminated by adopting the step tempering, the element is prevented from deforming and cracking, the brittleness of the element is reduced, the element has better mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and elasticity, and the size of the element is stabilized.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
, the content of expensive cobalt in the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is greatly reduced, the production cost is reduced, the price of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is greatly reduced, and the raw materials are reasonably matched, so that the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy has higher magnetic performance.
Secondly, the added trace elements can inhibit the α phase from ordering at low temperature, thereby not only improving the magnetic induction intensity of the ferrochrome-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy, but also greatly improving the processing performance of the ferrochrome-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for making the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in detail in the following description with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
The ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7.8% of Co, 25% of Cr, 0.05% of V, 0.05% of Ti, 0.05% of Mo, 0.05% of Si and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy comprises the following steps:
a. smelting and ingot casting: smelting by adopting a vacuum smelting method, adding metallic iron, chromium and cobalt raw materials and vanadium, titanium, molybdenum and silicon raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 20min to obtain molten iron, and casting and cooling to obtain steel ingots;
b. rolling: heating the steel ingot in the step a to 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then forging and drawing, and hot rolling and forming;
c. quenching: heating the hot-rolled steel ingot to 1230 +/-10 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15min, quickly quenching the steel ingot into medium water at the temperature of 45 ℃ after the steel ingot is taken out of a furnace, quenching the steel ingot, and then performing coarse grinding on the steel ingot to prepare an element;
d. magnetic field heat treatment: placing the element in an isothermal magnetic field for magnetic field treatment, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 2000 oersted (Oe), the magnetic field heat treatment temperature is 640 ℃, the magnetic field heat treatment time is 1h, and cooling the element subjected to isothermal magnetic field treatment to the room temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min;
e. a tempering procedure: carrying out step tempering on the element subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment, wherein the tempering process specifically comprises the following steps:
tempering at grade , namely, the charging temperature is 610 ℃, the temperature of the element in the furnace is raised to 610 ℃, the element is uniformly and completely heated, and then the temperature is kept for 30min and then is reduced to the tempering temperature of the next grade ;
second-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 570 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
third-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, preserving the heat for 50min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
fourth-stage tempering: reducing the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, preserving the temperature for 60min, discharging and air cooling.
f. Magnetic detection: and carrying out aging treatment on the tempered element to obtain the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
Example 2
kinds of Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy is prepared from Co 7.9 wt%, Cr 25.5 wt%, V0.2 wt%, Ti 0.05 wt%, Mo 0.1 wt%, Si 0.05 wt%, and Fe for the rest.
The method for preparing the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
a. smelting and ingot casting: smelting by adopting a vacuum smelting method, adding metallic iron, chromium and cobalt raw materials and vanadium, titanium, molybdenum and silicon raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 30min to obtain molten iron, and casting and cooling to obtain steel ingots;
b. rolling: heating the steel ingot in the step a to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then forging and drawing, and hot rolling and forming;
c. quenching: heating the hot-rolled steel ingot to 1230 +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, quickly quenching the steel ingot into medium water at 35 ℃ after the steel ingot is taken out of a furnace, quenching the steel ingot, and then performing coarse grinding on the steel ingot to prepare an element;
d. magnetic field heat treatment: placing the element in an isothermal magnetic field for processing, wherein the magnetic field strength is 3000 oersted (Oe), the magnetic field processing temperature is 640 ℃, the magnetic field processing time is 2h, and cooling the element subjected to isothermal magnetic field processing to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min;
e. a tempering procedure: carrying out step tempering on the element subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment, wherein the tempering process specifically comprises the following steps:
tempering at grade , namely, the charging temperature is 610 ℃, the temperature of the element in the furnace is raised to 610 ℃, the element is uniformly and completely heated, and then the temperature is kept for 30min and then is reduced to the tempering temperature of the next grade ;
second-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 570 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
third-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, preserving the heat for 50min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
fourth-stage tempering: reducing the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, preserving the temperature for 60min, discharging and air cooling.
f. Magnetic detection: and carrying out aging treatment on the tempered element to obtain the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
Example 3
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8 wt%, Cr 26 wt%, V0.2 wt%, Ti 0.1 wt%, Mo 0.15 wt%, Si 0.05 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The method for preparing the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
a. smelting and ingot casting: smelting by adopting a vacuum smelting method, adding metallic iron, chromium and cobalt raw materials and vanadium, titanium, molybdenum and silicon raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 25min to obtain molten iron, and casting and cooling to obtain steel ingots;
b. rolling: heating the steel ingot in the step a to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then forging and drawing, and hot rolling and forming;
c. quenching: heating the hot-rolled steel ingot to 1230 +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, quickly quenching the steel ingot into medium water at the temperature of 30 ℃ after the steel ingot is taken out of a furnace, quenching the steel ingot, and then performing coarse grinding on the steel ingot to prepare an element;
d. magnetic field heat treatment: placing the element in an isothermal magnetic field for processing, wherein the magnetic field strength is 2500 oersted (Oe), the magnetic field heat treatment temperature is 640 ℃, the magnetic field heat treatment time is 1.5h, and cooling the element subjected to isothermal magnetic field processing to room temperature at the speed of 8 ℃/min;
e. a tempering procedure: carrying out step tempering on the element subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment, wherein the tempering process specifically comprises the following steps:
tempering at grade , namely, the charging temperature is 610 ℃, the temperature of the element in the furnace is raised to 610 ℃, the element is uniformly and completely heated, and then the temperature is kept for 30min and then is reduced to the tempering temperature of the next grade ;
second-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 570 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
third-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, preserving the heat for 50min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;
fourth-stage tempering: reducing the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, preserving the temperature for 60min, discharging and air cooling.
f. Magnetic detection: and carrying out aging treatment on the tempered element to obtain the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
Example 4
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8.1 wt%, Cr 27 wt%, V0.3 wt%, Ti 0.2 wt%, Mo 0.2 wt%, Si 0.1 wt%, and Fe for the rest.
The preparation method of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 4 is the same as the embodiment 3.
Example 5
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8.2 wt%, Cr 28 wt%, V0.4 wt%, Ti 0.2 wt%, Mo 0.3 wt%, Si 0.1 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The preparation method of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 5 is the same as the embodiment 3.
Example 6
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8 wt%, Cr 26 wt%, V0.2 wt%, Ti 0.1 wt%, Mo 0.2 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The preparation method of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 6 is the same as the embodiment 3.
Example 7
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8 wt%, Cr 26 wt%, V0.3 wt%, Si 0.2 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The preparation method of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 7 is the same as the embodiment 3.
Example 8
kinds of semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy consists of Co 8 wt%, Cr 26 wt%, V0.5 wt% and Fe for the rest.
The preparation method of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the embodiment 8 is the same as the embodiment 3.
Comparative example
A semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy is prepared from Co 8 wt%, Cr 26 wt% and Fe for rest.
The preparation method of the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the comparative example is the same as that of example 3.
Magnetic property detection test
The magnetic performance evaluation tests of the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloys obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Table 1: magnetic performance parameters of iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy prepared in examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy of the present invention has good magnetic properties although the cobalt content is greatly reduced.
It can be seen from the comparison of the examples and the comparative examples that the addition of trace elements to ferrochrome-cobalt semihard magnetic alloy can inhibit the ordering of α phases at low temperature, and improve the magnetic induction intensity of ferrochrome-cobalt semihard magnetic alloy and the processability of ferrochrome-cobalt semihard magnetic alloy, and the comparison of examples 3 and the comparative examples shows that the magnetic performance of ferrochrome-cobalt semihard magnetic alloy is better than that of ferrochrome-cobalt semihard magnetic alloy with the addition of single element by the composite addition of a plurality of elements for enlarging the α phase zone of iron.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- The semi-hard Fe-Cr-Co alloy is prepared with Co 7.8-8.2 wt%, Cr 25-28 wt%, trace elements 0.2-1 wt% and Fe for the rest, and the trace elements are kinds of Si, Ti, V and Mo.
- 2. The ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy as set forth in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7.9-8.1% of Co, 25.5-27% of Cr, 0.4-0.8% of trace elements and the balance of Fe.
- 3. The ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy as set forth in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8 percent of Co, 26 percent of Cr, 0.5 percent of trace elements and the balance of Fe.
- 4. The method for preparing the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy as claimed in any in claims 1-3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:a. smelting and ingot casting: heating the raw materials of the metal iron, chromium and cobalt and the raw materials of the trace elements to 1150-1250 ℃, carrying out vacuum melting, smelting for 20-30 min, then carrying out casting, and cooling to obtain a steel ingot;b. rolling: hot rolling and forming;c. quenching: heating the steel ingot subjected to hot rolling forming to 1230 +/-10 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15-20 min, discharging, carrying out high-temperature quenching, taking a quenching medium as water, and then carrying out coarse grinding on the quenching medium to prepare an element;d. magnetic field heat treatment: placing the element in an isothermal magnetic field for processing, wherein the magnetic field intensity is more than or equal to 2000 oersted (Oe), and cooling the element subjected to isothermal magnetic field processing to room temperature at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min;e. a tempering procedure: performing step tempering on the element subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment, gradually decreasing the temperature of each stage of tempering furnace, gradually increasing the tempering heat preservation time of each stage, and finally discharging and air cooling;f. magnetic detection: and carrying out aging treatment on the tempered element to obtain the iron-chromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy.
- 5. The method for preparing FeCrCo semi-hard magnetic alloys according to claim 4, wherein in step b, the hot rolling temperature is 1050-1150 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 30 min.
- 6. The preparation method of the Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step c, the temperature of the medium water for high-temperature quenching is 30-45 ℃.
- 7. The method for preparing Fe-Cr-Co semi-hard magnetic alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step d, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 640 ℃, and the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 1-2 h.
- 8. The method for preparing the ferrochromium-cobalt semi-hard magnetic alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step e, the tempering process specifically comprises the following steps:tempering at grade , namely, the charging temperature is 610 ℃, the temperature of the element in the furnace is raised to 610 ℃, the element is uniformly and completely heated, and then the temperature is kept for 30min and then is reduced to the tempering temperature of the next grade ;second-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 570 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;third-stage tempering, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 530 ℃, preserving the heat for 50min, and then reducing the temperature to -stage tempering temperature;fourth-stage tempering: reducing the furnace temperature to 500 ℃, preserving the temperature for 60min, discharging and air cooling.
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