CN117036136B - Emergency shelter accessibility determination method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining accessibility of an emergency shelter, which comprises the steps of firstly, acquiring analysis data of a target area; performing reachability analysis based on the road network data set by using network analysis to obtain a reachability distribution diagram based on road network and time cost; converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into intensity values and multiplying the reachability of different intensity level areas by corresponding influence factors to obtain a reachability distribution diagram influenced by strong ground motion; analyzing a buffer area of line elements of the fault data according to the movable fault avoidance standard to generate a fault avoidance zone; grading according to the reachability numerical range, and combining the two layers to obtain an emergency refuge site reachability comprehensive distribution diagram considering the characteristics of the earthquake occurrence scene; the invention aims to more reasonably analyze the accessibility of the emergency shelter under the condition of earthquake occurrence, fully considers the severity and the specificity of earthquake disasters, and improves the reliability and the accuracy of analysis results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space analysis, in particular to a method for determining accessibility of an emergency shelter.
Background
The accessibility of the emergency shelter in the city shows the difficulty of resident escape and rescue when natural disasters such as earthquake occur, and is an important index for reflecting vulnerability of urban earthquake disasters in population casualties. The vulnerability of the earthquake disasters serves as an important link of earthquake risk assessment, and plays a great supporting role in disaster prevention and reduction and emergency rescue work of cities. The accessibility of the existing urban emergency refuge sites in the areas with larger earthquake dangers is analyzed, the vulnerability of the urban earthquake disasters can be evaluated, and the method has important significance for ensuring the personal safety of local residents.
At present, reachability evaluation is performed on urban facilities based on urban road network data and facility distribution data, and a facility reachability distribution diagram or a facility service range distribution diagram is obtained by adopting a statistical analysis method, a buffer area analysis method, a cost weighted distance method, an attraction model method, a nuclear density analysis method, a two-step mobile search method and a network analysis method equalization method. The accessibility analysis of the existing emergency refuge facilities is continuously refined in the space analysis technology, but consideration factors and analysis methods which are the same as those of other urban facilities are still adopted, the specificity of the use scene of the emergency facilities cannot be fully considered, and therefore, the situation characteristics when the emergency event occurs are not combined in the accessibility analysis, and the consideration of influence factors is not comprehensive.
Specifically, most of the current urban facility accessibility research mainly analyzes the service range of facilities (such as park greenbelts, passenger stations, hospitals and the like), and evaluates the rationality of the number of facilities and layout planning; the main method is based on data such as spatial pattern and facility distribution condition of cities, and spatial analysis is carried out by means of GIS technology. Considering urban emergency facilities in areas with high earthquake risks, considering the severity and the specificity of earthquake disasters, the dislocation of faults can cause large-scale strong ground vibration when an earthquake occurs, and the original traffic environment and the facilities can be affected by the vibration to a certain extent, so that residents are further hindered from evacuating to an emergency refuge place. The existing urban facility accessibility analysis does not consider the specificity of earthquake disasters, namely the influence of fault dislocation and strong ground movement on accessibility, and it is difficult to reasonably evaluate the accessibility of emergency refuge sites in cities under the condition of earthquake occurrence. In a common accessibility analysis method: the statistical analysis method relates to a unified calculation method which is not easy to form due to excessive variables; the buffer area analysis method is too simple in shape of a service range generated according to the linear Euclidean distance and does not match with the actual escape route of residents; the gravitation model is complex and the calculated amount is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an emergency shelter accessibility determination method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an emergency shelter accessibility determination method, comprising:
acquiring analysis data of a target area; the analysis data comprise an entry point data set, fault data, predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data and a traffic road network data set of the emergency shelter;
calculating the time cost of each road section passing through the target area based on the entry point data set and the traffic road network data set, taking the time cost as the impedance of reachability analysis, and obtaining an emergency refuge accessibility distribution map without considering the specificity of the earthquake occurrence scene by using a network analysis method;
dividing intensity levels according to an earthquake intensity table, converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into earthquake intensity, obtaining reachability influence factors according to the earthquake intensity, and multiplying reachability of areas with different intensity levels in the emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram by the corresponding reachability influence factors to obtain an urban emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram influenced by strong ground movement;
according to the fault data, referring to an active fault avoidance standard, calculating the basic avoidance range distribution of fault dislocation by using a buffer area analysis method;
setting the accessibility of the basic avoidance range distribution according to the accessibility data range, setting the accessibility of the fault avoidance zone range as the lowest level to obtain an accessibility map in the avoidance zone range, and combining the accessibility map in the avoidance zone range and the accessibility distribution map of the urban emergency shelter to obtain a comprehensive accessibility distribution map of the target area considering the characteristics of the earthquake occurrence scene.
Preferably, acquiring analysis data of the target area includes:
selecting an emergency shelter based on the remote sensing image of the target area and determining points to establish the entry point data set;
collecting the fault data and the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data;
and capturing urban road network data of the target area, and manually correcting the urban road network data to obtain the traffic road network data set.
Preferably, the euclidean distance of the buffer area in the buffer area analysis method is set to be a basic avoiding distance of 15m.
Preferably, capturing the urban road network data of the target area is performed based on Open Street Map software.
Preferably, the emergency shelter is selected based on the remote sensing image of the target area, and the determination of the point location is performed based on Google Earth Pro software.
Preferably, before combining the within-avoidance zone reachability map and the urban emergency shelter reachability profile, the method further comprises:
resampling the layer data of the reachability graph in the avoidance zone range and the reachability distribution graph of the urban emergency shelter to unify the pixel size.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a method for determining accessibility of an emergency shelter, which comprises the following steps: acquiring analysis data of a target area; the analysis data comprise an entry point data set, fault data, predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data and a traffic road network data set of the emergency shelter; calculating the time cost of each road section passing through the target area based on the entry point data set and the traffic road network data set, taking the time cost as the impedance of reachability analysis, and obtaining an emergency refuge accessibility distribution map without considering the specificity of the earthquake occurrence scene by using a network analysis method; dividing intensity levels according to an earthquake intensity table, converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into earthquake intensity, obtaining reachability influence factors according to the earthquake intensity, and multiplying reachability of areas with different intensity levels in the emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram by the corresponding reachability influence factors to obtain an urban emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram influenced by strong ground movement; according to the fault data, referring to an active fault avoidance standard, calculating the basic avoidance range distribution of fault dislocation by using a buffer area analysis method; and grading the accessibility of the basic avoidance range distribution according to the accessibility data range, setting the accessibility of the fault avoidance zone range as the lowest level to obtain an accessibility map in the avoidance zone range, and combining the accessibility map in the avoidance zone range and the accessibility distribution map of the urban emergency shelter to obtain a comprehensive accessibility distribution map of the target area. The invention aims to more reasonably analyze the accessibility of an emergency shelter under the condition of earthquake occurrence, fully considers the severity and the specificity of earthquake disasters, and provides an emergency shelter accessibility analysis and research method comprehensively considering the influence of the space distribution of the emergency shelter and the earthquake occurrence scene (fault dislocation and strong ground movement) on facility service capability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a main technical flowchart provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an accessibility distribution of an emergency shelter based on a road network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an emergency shelter accessibility distribution affected by a seismic scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides an emergency shelter accessibility determination method, including:
step 100: acquiring analysis data of a target area; the analysis data comprise an entry point data set, fault data, predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data and a traffic road network data set of the emergency shelter;
step 200: calculating the time cost of each road section passing through the target area based on the entry point data set and the traffic road network data set, taking the time cost as the impedance of reachability analysis, and obtaining an emergency refuge accessibility distribution map without considering the specificity of the earthquake occurrence scene by using a network analysis method;
step 300: dividing intensity levels according to a Chinese earthquake intensity table, converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into earthquake intensity, obtaining reachability influence factors according to the earthquake intensity, and multiplying reachability of areas with different intensity levels in the emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram by the corresponding reachability influence factors to obtain an urban emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram influenced by strong ground movement;
step 400: according to the fault data, referring to an active fault avoidance standard, calculating the basic avoidance range distribution of fault dislocation by using a buffer area analysis method;
step 500: and grading the accessibility of the basic avoidance range distribution according to the accessibility data range, setting the accessibility of the fault avoidance zone range as the lowest level to obtain an accessibility map in the avoidance zone range, and combining the accessibility map in the avoidance zone range and the accessibility distribution map of the urban emergency shelter to obtain a comprehensive accessibility distribution map of the target area.
Preferably, acquiring analysis data of the target area includes:
selecting an emergency shelter based on the remote sensing image of the target area and determining points to establish the entry point data set;
collecting the fault data and the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data;
and capturing urban road network data of the target area, and manually correcting the urban road network data to obtain the traffic road network data set.
Specifically, the technical route in this embodiment includes the following steps:
s1: selecting an emergency shelter based on the remote sensing image, determining points, and establishing an emergency shelter entry point data set;
s2: collecting fault data and predicting earthquake motion peak acceleration data;
s3: capturing urban road network data through an Open StreetMap, and establishing an urban traffic road network data set after manual correction;
s4: calculating time cost of passing through each road section according to the road network data set, establishing a service area of an entrance point of the emergency shelter, and performing reachability analysis based on the road network data set by using network analysis to obtain a reachability distribution diagram based on the road network and the time cost, as shown in fig. 3;
s5: dividing intensity levels according to a Chinese earthquake intensity table, converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into intensity values, multiplying the reachability of different intensity level areas by corresponding influence factors, and obtaining a reachability distribution diagram considering earthquake occurrence scenes (fault dislocation and strong ground movement), as shown in fig. 4;
s6: analyzing a buffer area of line elements of the fault data according to the movable fault avoidance standard, wherein the Euclidean distance of the buffer area is set to be 15m of the basic avoidance distance, and a fault avoidance zone is generated;
s7, grading according to the accessibility numerical range, setting accessibility in the fault avoidance zone range as the lowest, and combining the two layers to obtain a accessibility comprehensive distribution map of the emergency shelter;
the S7 process further includes: before merging the two layers, resampling the data of the two layers is needed to unify the pixel sizes.
Furthermore, the emergency shelter data collection in the embodiment uses Google Earth Pro software, the urban road network extracts Open source data based on Open Street Map, and the data calculation and analysis uses arcgis10.6 version software.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) When the emergency refuge site data set is established, the position of the site is directly and accurately reached to the position of each emergency refuge site entrance instead of the center point, so that the analysis result is more reliable.
(2) The invention uses the network analysis method to realize the process of evacuating residents to the emergency shelter to the actual traffic road network, thereby being more in line with the actual escape route condition of the residents
(3) The method multiplies the reachability of areas with different intensity levels by corresponding influence factors to analyze the reachability distribution characteristics influenced by strong ground movement;
(4) According to the method, the accessibility of the movable fault in the basic avoidance range is set to be the lowest by referring to the movable fault avoidance standard;
(5) The method comprehensively considers the influence of the space distribution of the emergency shelter and the occurrence scene of the earthquake, the calculated accessibility is not only dependent on the basic measurement indexes of network analysis such as time, space, cost and the like, and the obtained result is more reasonable.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining accessibility of an emergency shelter, comprising:
acquiring analysis data of a target area; the analysis data comprise an entry point data set, fault data, predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data and a traffic road network data set of the emergency shelter;
calculating the time cost of each road section passing through the target area based on the entry point data set and the traffic road network data set, taking the time cost as the impedance of reachability analysis, and obtaining an emergency refuge accessibility distribution map without considering the specificity of the earthquake occurrence scene by using a network analysis method;
dividing intensity levels according to an earthquake intensity table, converting the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data into earthquake intensity, obtaining reachability influence factors according to the earthquake intensity, and multiplying reachability of areas with different intensity levels in the emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram by the corresponding reachability influence factors to obtain an urban emergency refuge site reachability distribution diagram influenced by strong ground movement;
according to the fault data, referring to an active fault avoidance standard, calculating the basic avoidance range distribution of fault dislocation by using a buffer area analysis method;
setting the accessibility of the basic avoidance range distribution according to the accessibility data range, setting the accessibility of the fault avoidance zone range as the lowest level to obtain an accessibility map in the avoidance zone range, and combining the accessibility map in the avoidance zone range and the urban emergency shelter accessibility distribution map to obtain a comprehensive accessibility distribution map of the target area considering the characteristics of the earthquake occurrence scene.
2. The method of determining accessibility of an emergency shelter of claim 1, wherein obtaining analysis data of a target area comprises:
selecting an emergency shelter based on the remote sensing image of the target area and determining points to establish the entry point data set;
collecting the fault data and the predicted earthquake motion peak acceleration data;
and capturing urban road network data of the target area, and manually correcting the urban road network data to obtain the traffic road network data set.
3. The emergency shelter availability determination method of claim 1, wherein a buffer euclidean distance in the buffer zone analysis method is set to a basic avoidance distance of 15m.
4. The emergency shelter availability determination method of claim 1, wherein capturing urban road network data of the target area is performed based on Open StreetMap software.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting an emergency shelter based on a remote sensing image of the target area and determining points are performed based on Google earth hpro software.
6. The method of determining accessibility of an emergency shelter of claim 1, further comprising, prior to merging the within-avoidance zone accessibility map and the urban emergency shelter accessibility profile:
resampling the layer data of the reachability graph in the avoidance zone range and the reachability distribution graph of the urban emergency shelter to unify the pixel size.
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