CN117032385A - High-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK topology - Google Patents
High-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK topology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK type topology, wherein: the MPPT process can be executed in two steps, wherein the purpose of large change amount of the duty ratio is to accelerate the tracking speed of MPPT, the purpose of small change amount of the duty ratio is to improve the precision of MPPT, the MPPT process can automatically sense the change of the photovoltaic characteristic curve, and the overall static operation efficiency and the dynamic operation efficiency of MPPT are improved; and a trust mechanism is introduced in the operation process, so that the problem of MPPT invalidation caused by inaccurate sampling can be effectively solved. The invention solves the problem that the intermittent mode affects MPPT in the high-power mode of the photovoltaic cell, and can ensure the stable operation of MPPT even in the intermittent mode for the low-power mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supplies, in particular to a high-efficiency MPPT control method using BUCK type topology.
Background
MPPT (maximum power point tracking) is a key technology of a solar power generation system, and the purpose thereof is to maximize the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic energy. The operation point of the photovoltaic cell is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the maximum power is extracted from the photovoltaic cell in real time, so that the energy collection efficiency is improved to the greatest extent.
Maximum power point tracking algorithms include disturbance observation, conductivity delta, and other intelligent algorithms. The disturbance observation method only needs to compare the magnitude relation between the current power and the adjacent power, is a relatively simple and practical algorithm, does not need complex mathematical logic operation, saves operation resources, does not need to know a specific model of the photovoltaic cell deeply, and is widely used for small and medium-scale photovoltaic power generation systems in practice.
However, the disturbance observation method adjusts the working point only by comparing the real-time power values, is very sensitive to errors of system sampling, and has higher precision requirements. Meanwhile, when the output power of the photovoltaic cell is low, the inductor current of the controller is in an intermittent mode, and in the intermittent mode, the system can be mistakenly considered to find the optimal point due to errors caused by sampling, so that the optimal point cannot be reached to the global maximum power point. Secondly, if the duty cycle of the controller is set to an excessively large step size, although the tracking response speed is relatively high, the static tracking efficiency is too low, and if the duty cycle of the controller is set to an excessively small step size, the response speed may not be enough to accurately track the maximum power point under the condition that the illumination intensity is relatively fast, and the dynamic tracking efficiency is too low.
In order to improve the overall static operation efficiency and the dynamic operation efficiency of MPPT, the invention provides a high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK type topology aiming at the problems and the defects existing in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK type topology, which overcomes the defects existing in the prior art and improves the tracking efficiency of dynamic and steady states.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK type topology comprises the following steps:
s0, initializing parameters and variable registers, wherein the parameters comprise current duty ratio D, three-level duty ratio variation delta D1, delta D2 and delta D3, and the variable registers comprise P0, P1, P2, V0 and V1;
wherein: the output power of the photovoltaic cell in the current T time interval is P0, the output power in the previous T time interval is P1, the output power in the previous two T time intervals is P2, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell in the current T time interval is V0, and the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell in the previous T time interval is V1;
s1, gradually increasing the current duty ratio D, wherein the increment is delta D1, and comparing the magnitudes of P [0] and P [1] after processing the intermittent mode by combining with BUCK topological characteristics: repeating S1 when P0 > P1, otherwise entering S2;
s2, recording the last running point in the S1 as a point B, setting the duty ratio at the point A as D+DeltaD2, setting the duty ratio at the point B as D-DeltaD 2, sequentially measuring the output power of the point A, the point B and the point C to obtain PA, PB and PC, and measuring the output voltages of the point A, the point B and the point C; when the duty ratio is changed, the trust condition needs to be met, and the judgment basis for meeting the trust condition is as follows: when the duty ratio D is increased, V0 < V1 is satisfied, and if V0 > =V1 is obtained through error sampling, an untrusted condition is triggered; conversely, when the duty ratio D is reduced, V0 > V1 is satisfied, and if V0 < =V1 is obtained according to the sampling, an untrusted condition is triggered;
s3, adding PA value to P2, PB value to P1, PC value to P0, comparing P0, P1, P2, when P2 < P1 > P0, recording duty ratio D as duty ratio corresponding to power P1, switching to S4; if P2 > P1 > P0, then the change delta D2 is located at the right side of the photovoltaic curve, D is needed to be increased continuously until P2 < P1 > P0 is met, and after the duty ratio D corresponding to P1 is recorded, S4 is switched; wherein a trust condition needs to be met when the duty cycle is changed;
s4, if the duty ratio D increases, judging the magnitudes of P0 and P1, when P0 > P1, the duty ratio D increases by DeltaD 3, otherwise, the duty ratio D decreases DeltaD 3; if the duty ratio D is reduced, judging the magnitudes of P0 and P1, when P0 is more than P1, the duty ratio D is reduced by delta D3, otherwise, delta D3 is increased; judging whether a mode counter is larger than 4, if yes, returning to S2 for debugging again, and if not, repeating S4 to obtain a real-time maximum power point; wherein a trust condition needs to be met when the duty cycle is changed.
Further, the step S1 introduces a discontinuous mode processing logic, which is specifically as follows: detecting V0 and V1, if V0-V1 > Vlimit is satisfied, then the detection is considered to be in a continuous state, wherein Vlimit is a threshold; if V0-V1 > Vlimit is still not satisfied, determining to be in a discontinuous mode, forcing P0 > P1 until V0-V1 > Vlimit is satisfied.
Further, after triggering the untrustworthy condition in S2, the duty ratio D is first restored to the value in the previous T time interval, then Δd2 is increased appropriately, step S2 is repeated, and the duty ratio D is changed again until the trusted condition is satisfied.
Further, after triggering the untrustworthy condition in S3, the next T time interval of the duty ratio D will stop changing, and filtering is performed again until the trusted condition is satisfied.
Further, after triggering the untrustworthy condition in the step S4, the next T time interval of the duty ratio D will stop changing, and filtering is performed again until the untrustworthy condition is satisfied; if the trust condition is not satisfied for more than 4 times continuously, the duty ratio D is restored to the value before the change, then Δd3 is increased appropriately, step S4 is repeated, and the duty ratio D is changed again until the trust condition is satisfied.
Further, the S4 further includes 2 mode counters, which respectively correspond to the 2 cases in the step S4, when running different modes each time, the counter not belonging to the current mode is cleared to 0, if a value of one mode counter is greater than 4, it is considered that the photovoltaic curve is changed due to environmental change, and a large step disturbance is required, so that the step S2 is switched to improve the dynamic efficiency of the MPPT in the process of changing the photovoltaic curve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the MPPT process can be performed in two steps, wherein the purpose of large change amount of the duty ratio is to accelerate the tracking speed of MPPT, the purpose of small change amount of the duty ratio is to improve the precision of MPPT, the MPPT process can automatically sense the change of the photovoltaic characteristic curve, and the overall static operation efficiency and the dynamic operation efficiency of MPPT are improved.
2. The trust mechanism is introduced in the operation process, so that the problem of MPPT invalidation caused by inaccurate sampling can be effectively solved.
3. The problem that the intermittent mode affects MPPT in the high-power mode of the photovoltaic battery is solved, and stable operation of MPPT can be guaranteed even in the intermittent mode for the low-power mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of photovoltaic properties;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a control method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a maximum power point;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of four different modes;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of MPPT operating points under environmental changes.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical means adopted by the invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred examples, so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the protection scope of an MPPT control method applied to a BUCK topology provided by the invention is more clearly and clearly defined.
In this embodiment, the relevant parameters are as follows, the battery voltage range is 42-54V, the photovoltaic cell MPPT voltage range is 60-140V, the rated maximum power is 2.5kw, and t is 500ms. The P-V characteristic diagram of the photovoltaic cell is shown in fig. 1, wherein the black dots correspond to the maximum power points.
The essence of the disturbance observation method is that the change direction of the duty cycle at the next moment is determined by changing the duty cycle and comparing the power P0 measured at the current moment with the power P1 measured at the previous moment. The step length of each change of the traditional observation method through the direct disturbance of the duty ratio is fixed, so that the MPPT tracking speed and the MPPT tracking precision are difficult to be compatible. Meanwhile, a reasonable duty cycle lower limit needs to be set to avoid the situation that the MPPT control fails due to the intermittent mode, and the MPPT control is difficult to apply to different open circuit voltages. For this reason, the conventional method is improved to realize a high-efficiency MPPT control method, and a flow chart of the method is shown in fig. 2, which includes the following specific steps:
step S0, the initial value of duty ratio D is set to 0, and variable registers P [0], P [1], P [2], V [0], V [1] are cleared to 0, so as to obtain delta D1, delta D2 and delta D3 which need to satisfy the following conditions:
wherein: u (U) batmin For battery cut-off voltage, U ocmax Is the maximum value of the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel.
According to the above-mentioned relation, in this case,taking 0.05, then->And->0.02 and 0.005 may be taken, respectively.
Step S1, the duty ratio D is increased each time by the change amount delta D1, namely 0.05. Since the battery voltage Ubat is 54V at maximum, the minimum voltage combined with MPPT is 60V, and Vlimit is empirically determined to be 2.5. Since the MPPT point voltage is typically 0.7 to 0.8 times the open circuit voltage, when D < = 0.4, V [0] -V [1] < = 2.5, according to the discontinuous mode processing mechanism, P [0] = 1, P [1] = 0 is forced at this time. When D >0.4, satisfying V0-V1 >2.5, according to judging that the intermittent mode processing mechanism is not entered at this time, P0 records the power at the current moment, and P1 is the power at the last moment. The condition P0 < P1 is satisfied until D is 0.6, and then the process proceeds to step S2. Wherein the photovoltaic cell output voltage needs to satisfy:
wherein Umpptmin is the minimum voltage of the MPPT operation point of the photovoltaic cell, and Ubatmax is the floating voltage of the cell.
In step S2, when the duty ratio DB of the point B obtained in step S1 is 0.6, the duty ratio DA at the point a is 0.62, and the duty ratio DC at the point C is 0.58. If the output voltage of the point A is smaller than that of the point B and the output voltage of the point B is smaller than that of the point C, the trust condition is considered to be satisfied. If the output voltage of the point A is greater than or equal to the point B, an untrusted condition is triggered, the operating point is returned to the point A, delta D2 is increased to 0.025, and the output voltage of the point B is acquired again until the output voltage of the point A is smaller than the point B. And switching to the step S3 after the measurement of the PA, the PB and the PC is completed under the trust condition in sequence.
And step S3, respectively giving the PA, PB and PC values obtained in step S2 to P2, P1 and P0, and comparing P0, P1 and P2. In this example, P0 > P1 > P2 is obtained, and it is found that point B is located approximately at the left of the photovoltaic curve, at which time the duty cycle D needs to be reduced by a variation ΔD2, i.e., by a variation of 0.02, until P2 < P1 > P0 is satisfied, as shown in FIG. 3. In the process of reducing the duty ratio D, if V0 < = V1 is met, the triggering untrustworthy condition needs to be filtered again, and the duty ratio D can not be reduced again until V0 > V1 is met.
Step S4, the change in the duty ratio D at this time becomes Δd3, that is, 0.005. Because the step size is too small, errors in sampling can often trigger an untrusted condition. Taking mode 2 as an example, when encountering V0 < = V1, triggering an untrustworthy condition, at this time, filtering again, if the untrustworthy condition is still unsatisfied, filtering again, if the untrustworthy condition is not satisfied continuously for more than 4 times, the duty cycle D will be restored to the value before the change first, then Δd3 is increased appropriately, in this example, Δd3 is changed to 0.01, then the duty cycle D is changed, and then whether the untrustworthy condition is satisfied is judged again, if the untrustworthy condition is still not satisfied, repeating the steps until the condition is satisfied. When the photovoltaic characteristic curve is not changed, the value of the mode counter is not greater than 4, the step S4 is repeated continuously, the duty ratio D is increased or decreased continuously with the change amount being delta D3, and the maximum power point is searched dynamically. When the photovoltaic characteristic curve changes with the environment as shown in fig. 5, the operating point moves from the MPPT point to the left half of the photovoltaic characteristic curve, the mode 1 counter is cleared to 0, the mode 2 counter is incremented every 500ms, and when the value is greater than 4, the program detects that the photovoltaic characteristic curve changes due to the environment, and a large step disturbance is required to be performed, so that the process shifts to step S2.
Wherein the upper limit of the mode counter mode _ cntThe method can be obtained by the following formula:
where the ceil function is a round-up function.
Wherein the change in duty cycle D and the relationship with the mode counter satisfy the following table:
it should be explained that since T is small, variations in battery voltage during a T interval will not have an impact on the tracking of MPPT, which is negligible. It should also be understood that the parts of the present specification not specifically set forth are all of the prior art, and that while particular embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, these are by way of example only, and that various changes or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention will fall within the scope of the technical principles of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical principles of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK type topology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s0, initializing parameters and variable registers, wherein the parameters comprise current duty ratio D, three-level duty ratio variation delta D1, delta D2 and delta D3, and the variable registers comprise P0, P1, P2, V0 and V1;
wherein: the output power of the photovoltaic cell in the current T time interval is P0, the output power in the previous T time interval is P1, the output power in the previous two T time intervals is P2, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell in the current T time interval is V0, and the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell in the previous T time interval is V1;
s1, gradually increasing the current duty ratio D, wherein the increment is delta D1, and comparing the magnitudes of P [0] and P [1] after processing the intermittent mode by combining with BUCK topological characteristics: repeating S1 when P0 > P1, otherwise entering S2;
s2, recording the last running point in the S1 as a point B, setting the duty ratio at the point A as D+DeltaD2, setting the duty ratio at the point B as D-DeltaD 2, sequentially measuring the output power of the point A, the point B and the point C to obtain PA, PB and PC, and measuring the output voltages of the point A, the point B and the point C; when the duty ratio is changed, the trust condition needs to be met, and the judgment basis for meeting the trust condition is as follows:
when the duty ratio D is increased, V0 < V1 is satisfied, and if V0 > =V1 is obtained through error sampling, an untrusted condition is triggered; conversely, when the duty ratio D is reduced, V0 > V1 is satisfied, and if V0 < =V1 is obtained according to the sampling, an untrusted condition is triggered;
s3, adding PA value to P2, PB value to P1, PC value to P0, comparing P0, P1, P2, when P2 < P1 > P0, recording duty ratio D as duty ratio corresponding to power P1, switching to S4; if P2 > P1 > P0, then the change delta D2 is located at the right side of the photovoltaic curve, D is needed to be increased continuously until P2 < P1 > P0 is met, and after the duty ratio D corresponding to P1 is recorded, S4 is switched; wherein a trust condition needs to be met when the duty cycle is changed;
s4, if the duty ratio D increases, judging the magnitudes of P0 and P1, when P0 > P1, the duty ratio D increases by DeltaD 3, otherwise, the duty ratio D decreases DeltaD 3; if the duty ratio D is reduced, judging the magnitudes of P0 and P1, when P0 is more than P1, the duty ratio D is reduced by delta D3, otherwise, delta D3 is increased; judging whether a mode counter is larger than 4, if yes, returning to S2 for debugging again, and if not, repeating S4 to obtain a real-time maximum power point; wherein a trust condition needs to be met when the duty cycle is changed.
2. The high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to the BUCK-type topology according to claim 1, wherein: the S1 introduces intermittent mode processing logic, which is specifically as follows: detecting V0 and V1, if V0-V1 > Vlimit is satisfied, then the detection is considered to be in a continuous state, wherein Vlimit is a threshold; if V0-V1 > Vlimit is still not satisfied, determining to be in a discontinuous mode, forcing P0 > P1 until V0-V1 > Vlimit is satisfied.
3. The high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to the BUCK-type topology according to claim 1, wherein: after triggering the untrustworthy condition in S2, the duty ratio D is first restored to the value in the previous T time interval, then Δd2 is increased appropriately, step S2 is repeated, and the duty ratio D is changed again until the trusted condition is satisfied.
4. The high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to the BUCK-type topology according to claim 1, wherein: and after triggering the untrustworthy condition in the step S3, the next T time interval of the duty ratio D stops changing, and filtering is performed again until the untrustworthy condition is met.
5. The high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to the BUCK-type topology according to claim 1, wherein: after triggering the untrustworthy condition in the S4, stopping changing the next T time interval of the duty ratio D, and filtering again until the untrustworthy condition is met; if the trust condition is not satisfied for more than 4 times continuously, the duty ratio D is restored to the value before the change, then Δd3 is increased appropriately, step S4 is repeated, and the duty ratio D is changed again until the trust condition is satisfied.
6. The high-efficiency MPPT control method applied to the BUCK-type topology according to claim 1, wherein: the step S4 further includes 2 mode counters, which respectively correspond to the 2 cases in the step S4, and when each time different modes are operated, the counter which does not belong to the current mode is clear 0, if a mode counter has a value greater than 4, it is considered that the photovoltaic curve is changed due to environmental change, and a large step disturbance is required, so that the step S2 is switched to improve the dynamic efficiency of the MPPT in the process of changing the photovoltaic curve.
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