CN115549578A - Photovoltaic energy management chip based on hybrid MPPT algorithm and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic energy management chip based on hybrid MPPT algorithm and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic energy management chip based on a hybrid MPPT algorithm and a control method thereof. The chip specifically comprises: input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit, hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit and V ramp The device comprises a voltage regulation control circuit, an MPPT algorithm selection circuit, a reference voltage control circuit, a solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, a zero current identification circuit and an overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit. Compared with the traditional photovoltaic energy management interface circuit, the interface circuit has the advantages that the corresponding automatic selection can be realized according to the light intensityThe MPPT algorithm and the chip can also be applied to other photovoltaic modules or manage energy in other forms, such as vibration energy or radio frequency energy, and components externally connected with an MPPT algorithm circuit in the MPPT algorithm can be dynamically adjusted according to different maximum output power points of different energy, so that efficient management of various environmental energy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic energy management, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic energy management chip based on a hybrid MPPT algorithm and a control method thereof.
Background
In the field of Internet of things (Internet of things), as mobile portable devices have more and more functions, more and more electronic products are integrated into a micro system depending on self battery power supply, endurance of the portable devices becomes an important factor limiting the integration level of system functions and user experience, and how to realize self-powered circulation of the system becomes the current mainstream research direction. While the collection of environmental energy in a power management system is an effective way to extend battery life, photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most promising alternatives of these renewable energy sources, and dominates all renewable energy sources because of its wide use, freedom, environmental friendliness, and low operating and maintenance costs. However, there are many disadvantages to the storage and utilization of these renewable energy sources. In order to better manage the collected photovoltaic energy, a maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) technique is usually adopted to keep the maximum output Power of the photovoltaic array in the current state when the external environment changes, so that the utilization rate and efficiency of the collected photovoltaic energy are improved. The tracking efficiency of the MPPT algorithm is improved by adopting the hybrid MPPT algorithm. When the light intensity is high, the circuit works based on an integrated pulse (ORPI) algorithm, the output power is calculated by scanning the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array, and the maximum power working point voltage of the photovoltaic array is accurately tracked. When the light is weak, the transient enhanced open circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm circuit works, power consumption consumed by the algorithm circuit is reduced, and when the output power of the solar cell panel is low, the maximum power point voltage can be quickly tracked. The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit is guaranteed to provide high tracking efficiency and power efficiency in a large power range under different illumination levels.
At present, the topological structure of the domestic energy collection chip brings the following problems in practical use:
1. the domestic energy collection power management interface circuit is generally combined on a PCB (printed Circuit Board) by an embedded device and a single chip microcomputer, although the principle is simple, the threshold is low, and basic functions are easy to realize, each module does not have an integrated ASIC (application specific Integrated Circuit) chip, the occupied area is large, and the development prospect is not achieved.
2. The MPPT algorithm of the current commercial chip with the MPPT function is old and cannot accurately ensure the output at the maximum power. Although various improvements and new MPPT algorithm models are proposed, the circuit is complex, the fault tolerance is low, and the working stability of the finished product which is put into commercial use needs to be checked.
The current semiconductor technology is gradually improved to gradually reduce the power supply voltage and power consumption of the circuit, but the problem of energy supply is not properly solved. In practice, the energy collected from the natural environment is weak and unstable, and cannot be directly used as a power supply to drive, so that the energy of the power supply for emerging applications such as wireless micro sensor networks, implantable wearable medical electronic devices and industrial automation sensors is limited. Therefore, the environmental energy management chip has a large application scene, and a self-powered system with long service life, low cost and high efficiency needs to be realized by designing an efficient energy management circuit to manage the collected novel renewable energy and minimize energy transmission loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art. The invention provides a photovoltaic energy management chip based on a hybrid MPPT algorithm and a control method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a photovoltaic energy management chip based on a hybrid MPPT algorithm, which specifically comprises the following components: input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit, hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit and V ramp The device comprises a voltage regulation control circuit, an MPPT algorithm selection circuit, a reference voltage control circuit, a solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, a zero current identification circuit and an overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit;
the output of the solar photovoltaic cell is connected with the output of the solar photovoltaic cellThe output current detection circuit of the solar photovoltaic cell is used for determining the illumination intensity at the moment and is connected with the MPPT algorithm selection circuit to enable the chip to select two different MPPT algorithms according to different illumination, the MPPT algorithm selection circuit is connected with the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit, the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit is used for ensuring that the chip keeps high efficiency in the starting and stable working stages, and meanwhile, the output of the solar photovoltaic cell is also connected with the V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is used for controlling the output voltage change of the solar photovoltaic cell panel; the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell; the reference voltage control circuit is used for outputting V in the transient response stage ramp V generated by the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit in the output transient stage of the stable working stage MPPT The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit generates a corresponding maximum power point voltage at the moment; the zero current identification circuit controls the working mode of the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit to be a continuous conduction mode CCM or a discontinuous conduction mode DCM; the overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit is used for performing overvoltage or undervoltage protection on the chip.
Furthermore, the input voltage regulating DC-DC boost conversion circuit enables the voltage of the input end to be connected into the feedback control circuit to form negative feedback, so that the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell is kept at the maximum power point, the constant conduction time control circuit in the converter can enable the chip to be switched between pulse width modulation and pulse frequency modulation, and meanwhile, the whole chip is switched between a continuous conduction mode and an intermittent conduction mode by matching with the zero current identification circuit.
Furthermore, the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit comprises an ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration, a transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit and an open-circuit voltage FOCV algorithm circuit, wherein the first two circuits are connected with the MPPT algorithm selection circuit and controlled by output signals of the MPPT algorithm selection circuit, so that a chip can be ensured to automatically switch a proper maximum power point tracking MPPT scheme and control method according to different illumination levels, and only one MPPT algorithm circuit works in a maximum power point tracking MPPT transient response stage, while the open-circuit voltage FOCV algorithm circuit worksCircuit and V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is connected, so that the whole chip can perform maximum power point tracking when being electrified, thereby transitioning to a normal working state.
Further, the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit stabilizes the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the driving signal of the power switch tube has a fixed conduction time T in each period on The turn-off time is determined by the voltage time when the photovoltaic cell recovers to the maximum power point, the minimum turn-off time is set, the duty ratio is maximum at the moment, and the maximum voltage value which can be charged by the rechargeable battery at the output end is determined; before the output voltage does not reach the maximum value, the PFM is modulated by the pulse frequency, the turn-off time is automatically reduced along with the increase of the output voltage, and the working frequency is gradually increased; after the output voltage reaches the maximum value, the output voltage keeps stable and is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); when the light intensity is reduced to a certain degree, and the zero current identification circuit detects zero inductive current, the DC-DC boost conversion circuit automatically switches to the discontinuous conduction mode DCM, and along with the reduction of the light intensity, when the inductive current is reduced to 0 and stabilized, the charging current of the input capacitor is smaller, the time for the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell panel to recover to a set value is longer, and the working frequency is lower and lower.
Furthermore, the ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration is composed of a pulse integrator, a high-precision fast dynamic comparator, a high-precision capacitive amplifier, a sampling/holding circuit and a maximum power point MPP updating circuit; the ORPI algorithm is a GMPPT algorithm, the output power of the photovoltaic cell is calculated through a pulse integrator within a wide scanning range, and the maximum power working point voltage of the photovoltaic cell is accurately tracked.
Furthermore, the high-precision fast dynamic comparator adopts three operational amplifiers with the gain of 6 to replace a single high-gain operational amplifier and a high-speed latch capable of fast locking the logic state.
Furthermore, the transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit can enable the DC-DC boost conversion circuit to work in the algorithm stage, energy is transferred to the input end from the output end, the output end capacitor charges the input capacitor through the inductor, and the voltage increasing speed of the input capacitor is improved.
The invention also provides a control method of the photovoltaic energy management chip based on the hybrid MPPT algorithm, which comprises the following steps:
when the chip is not powered on, all circuits of the chip do not work, the chip stays in a standby stage, and no static power consumption exists; when the output end battery is fully charged, the standby stage can be automatically started; when the whole chip is just powered on, the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell cannot work stably at a set reference voltage value because the maximum power point voltage does not exist, the initial algorithm circuit is firstly started, the process is a starting stage, the starting stage only runs once after the chip is powered on, after the starting stage is finished, the maximum power point reference voltage is generated, the steady-state mode of 8s is started, the solar photovoltaic cell panel outputs the maximum power point reference voltage stably tracked in the previous stage to charge the cell at the output end, and the algorithm circuit working in the next transient response stage is selected before the steady-state working stage is finished; under the condition of strong light, the ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration works, and under the condition of weak light, the transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit works; and in the MPPT transient response stage of tracking the maximum power point, finishing updating the working voltage of the maximum power point, and then entering the steady state stage again to form a cycle of two modes of a stable working stage and a tracking transient response stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with other traditional photovoltaic energy management interface circuits, the interface circuit disclosed by the invention can automatically select different algorithms according to the intensity of illumination intensity, so that the tracking efficiency of the MPPT algorithm at high light intensity is maximized. And when the photovoltaic energy output power becomes very low, the maximum power point voltage can be quickly tracked. The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit is guaranteed to provide high tracking efficiency and power efficiency in a large power range under different illumination levels. The chip can also be applied to other photovoltaic modules or for managing energy in other forms, such as vibration energy or radio frequency energy, and dynamically adjusts the external components of the MPPT algorithm circuit in the chip according to different maximum output power points of different energy, so as to realize high-efficiency management of various environmental energies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic energy management chip system architecture with a hybrid MPPT algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the operation mode transition of a photovoltaic energy management chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the input voltage regulated DC-DC boost converter circuit in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an impulse integration based (ORPI) algorithm in the hybrid MPPT algorithm circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a transient enhanced open circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm in a hybrid MPPT algorithm circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows V in an example of the present invention ramp A voltage regulation control circuit diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a photovoltaic energy management interface circuit capable of automatically switching MPPT algorithm according to illumination intensity, a whole circuit is provided with a DC-DC boost converter regulated by input voltage, a hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit and a V ramp The device comprises a voltage regulation control circuit, an MPPT algorithm selection circuit, a reference voltage control circuit, a solar battery output current detection (CSC) circuit, a zero current identification (ZCD) circuit, an overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit and the like. The whole system is divided into four working stages: standby phase, start phaseThe method comprises a stable working stage and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) transient response stage. Wherein: the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost converter can realize the functions of stabilizing the input voltage and boosting the output end. The converter adopts a ripple-based control mode, selects a constant on-time (COT) control mode based on minimum off-time, and avoids the problem that a single fixed frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control method still has larger switching power loss at low illumination intensity. The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit consists of a pulse integration based (ORPI) algorithm circuit and a transient enhanced open circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm circuit. When the photovoltaic array is irradiated by strong light, the circuit works based on an ORPI (object oriented programming interface) algorithm, and the output power is calculated by scanning the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array, so that the power utilization rate is maximized. When the light irradiates, the transient enhanced open-circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm circuit starts to work, so that the precision of the acquired maximum power point is ensured while the circuit loss is reduced. V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit controls the output voltage change of the solar panel at the starting stage and the maximum power point tracking MPPT transient response stage, and controls the voltage on the sampling capacitor by generating a correct time sequence logic signal. The circuit can also be applied to different types of environmental energy, and in addition, the interface circuit also has the advantages of self-energy supply, low power consumption, high efficiency and the like.
With reference to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a photovoltaic energy management chip based on a hybrid MPPT algorithm, where the chip specifically includes: input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit, hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit and V ramp The device comprises a voltage regulation control circuit, an MPPT algorithm selection circuit, a reference voltage control circuit, a solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, a zero current identification circuit and an overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit;
the output of the solar photovoltaic cell is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, the solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit is used for determining the illumination intensity at the moment and then is connected with the MPPT algorithm selection circuit, so that the chip can select two different MPPT algorithms according to different illuminations, and the MPPT algorithm selection circuit is connected with the mixed MPPT algorithmA control circuit for ensuring the high efficiency of the chip in the starting and stable working stages and simultaneously connecting the output of the solar photovoltaic cell with V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is used for controlling the output voltage change of the solar photovoltaic cell panel; the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell; the reference voltage control circuit is used for outputting V in the transient response stage ramp V generated by the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit in the output transient stage of the stable working stage MPPT The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit generates a corresponding maximum power point voltage at the moment; the zero current identification circuit controls the working mode of the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit to be a continuous conduction mode CCM or a discontinuous conduction mode DCM; the overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit is used for performing overvoltage or undervoltage protection on the chip.
The input voltage regulation DC-DC Boost converter comprises a Boost circuit, a constant conduction time control circuit and a zero-crossing detection circuit. The input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit enables the voltage of an input end to be connected into the feedback control circuit to form negative feedback so that the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell is kept at the maximum power point, the constant conduction time control circuit in the converter can enable the chip to be switched between pulse width modulation and pulse frequency modulation, the problem that the single fixed frequency pulse width modulation control still has large switching power loss when the intensity of low illumination is avoided, and meanwhile, the whole chip is switched between a continuous conduction mode and an intermittent conduction mode by matching with the zero current identification circuit, so that the high efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell is kept under strong illumination and weak illumination.
The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit comprises an ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration, a transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit and an open-circuit voltage FOCV algorithm circuit, wherein the first two circuits are connected with the MPPT algorithm selection circuit and controlled by output signals of the MPPT algorithm selection circuit, so that a chip can be ensured to automatically switch a proper maximum power point tracking MPPT scheme and control method according to different illumination levels, and only one MPPT algorithm circuit works in a maximum power point tracking MPPT transient response stage, while the open-circuit voltageFOCV algorithm circuit and V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is connected, so that the whole chip can perform maximum power point tracking when being electrified, and then the whole chip is transited to a normal working state.
The input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit stabilizes the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the driving signal of the power switch tube has a fixed conduction time T in each period on The turn-off time is determined by the time when the photovoltaic cell recovers to the maximum power point voltage, the minimum turn-off time is set, the duty ratio is maximum at the moment, and the maximum voltage value which can be charged to the rechargeable battery at the output end is determined; before the output voltage does not reach the maximum value, the PFM is modulated by the pulse frequency, the turn-off time is automatically reduced along with the increase of the output voltage, and the working frequency is gradually increased; after the output voltage reaches the maximum value, the output voltage keeps stable and is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); when the light intensity is reduced to a certain degree, and the zero current identification circuit ZCD detects zero inductive current, the DC-DC boost conversion circuit automatically switches to an intermittent conduction mode DCM, and along with the reduction of the light intensity, when the inductive current is reduced to 0 and stabilized, the charging current to the input capacitor is smaller, the time for the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell panel to recover to a set value is longer, and the working frequency is lower and lower.
The hybrid MPPT algorithm circuit generates a corresponding maximum power point voltage at the moment, a pulse integrator in the ORMI algorithm integrates output voltage information and output current information into a new voltage value, the voltage represents the output power, each sampling stage is ended and enters a holding stage, the sampled voltage and current information are kept unchanged, and the current starts to charge a capacitor. The charging current of the capacitor is smaller, the width of the pulse is larger, and the magnitude of the charging current of the capacitor is determined by the sampled photovoltaic output voltage. And when the voltage of the capacitor rises to be greater than the sampled photovoltaic output voltage, closing a current source for charging the capacitor. It can be seen that the amplitude of the pulse is controlled by the sampled output voltage, while the duration of the pulse is adjusted by the sampled photovoltaic output current information. The size of the area of the pulse is reflected on the capacitance,the sampling voltage on the capacitor is larger in proportion to the instantaneous power of the solar panel, and the sampling voltage is clamped after reaching the power supply voltage and can not represent output power information any more, so that the scale factor needs to be controlled. The transient enhanced open-circuit voltage (SRE _ FOCV) algorithm circuit enables the DC-DC boost conversion circuit to work, energy is transferred to the input end from the output end, the output end capacitor can also charge the input capacitor through the inductor, the current for charging the input capacitor is composed of the output current of the solar battery and the inductor current, and the voltage increasing speed of the input capacitor is improved. In order to prevent overshoot and damage to the battery caused by continuous charging of the inductive current after the output voltage of the solar battery reaches the open-circuit voltage, the DC-DC loop is closed when the output voltage of the solar battery rises to the vicinity of the open-circuit voltage, and the input capacitor is charged to the open-circuit voltage only under the action of the output current of the photovoltaic battery, so that the system stability is improved, the MPPT algorithm duration is shortened, and the power consumption is saved. V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit controls the output voltage change of the solar panel in a starting stage and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) transient response stage. MPPT algorithm selection circuit generates enable signals for controlling different algorithms to work, and reference voltage control circuit outputs V in transient response stage ramp V generated by MPPT algorithm circuit in stable working stage output transient stage MPPT The hybrid MPPT algorithm circuit generates a corresponding maximum power point voltage at the moment, the solar battery output current detection (CSC) circuit determines the illumination intensity at the moment, and the zero current identification (ZCD) circuit controls the working mode of the DC-DC converter to be a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) or a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM).
The ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration is composed of a pulse integrator, a high-precision fast dynamic comparator, a high-precision capacitive amplifier, a sampling/holding circuit and a maximum power point MPP updating circuit; the ORPI algorithm is a GMPPT algorithm, the output power of the photovoltaic cell is calculated through a pulse integrator within a wide scanning range, and the maximum power working point voltage of the photovoltaic cell is accurately tracked.
The high-precision fast dynamic comparator selects three operational amplifiers with the gain of 6 to replace a single high-gain operational amplifier and a high-speed latch capable of locking a logic state fast, can detect the high-gain operational amplifier when the difference between input ends is small, and improves the speed and the accuracy.
The transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit can enable the DC-DC boost conversion circuit to work in the algorithm stage, energy is transferred to the input end from the output end, the output end capacitor charges the input capacitor through the inductor, and the voltage increasing speed of the input capacitor is improved.
Compared with the traditional photovoltaic energy management interface circuit, the interface circuit has the advantages that the corresponding MPPT algorithm can be automatically selected according to the light intensity, the chip can also be applied to other photovoltaic modules or energy in other forms, such as vibration energy or radio frequency energy, the external components of the MPPT algorithm circuit in the interface circuit are dynamically adjusted according to different maximum output power points of different energy, and the high-efficiency management of various environmental energies is realized.
The invention also provides a control method of the photovoltaic energy management chip based on the hybrid MPPT algorithm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
when the chip is not powered on, all circuits of the chip do not work, the chip stays in a standby stage, and no static power consumption exists; when the output end battery is fully charged, the standby stage can be automatically started; when the whole chip is just powered on, the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell cannot work stably at a set reference voltage value because the maximum power point voltage does not exist, the initial algorithm circuit is firstly started, the process is a starting stage, the starting stage only runs once after the chip is powered on, after the starting stage is finished, the maximum power point reference voltage is generated, the steady-state mode of 8s is started, the solar photovoltaic cell panel outputs the maximum power point reference voltage stably tracked in the previous stage to charge the cell at the output end, and the algorithm circuit working in the next transient response stage is selected before the steady-state working stage is finished; under the condition of strong light, the ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration works, and under the condition of weak light, the transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit works; and in the MPPT transient response stage of tracking the maximum power point, finishing updating the working voltage of the maximum power point, and then entering the steady state stage again to form a cycle of two modes of a stable working stage and a tracking transient response stage.
The input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit consists of a power tube, an MOS switch, a comparator, a monostable circuit, an RS trigger and other digital logic control circuits. The output voltage of the solar cell is the positive input end of the comparator, and the negative input end of the comparator is the reference voltage. The output of the comparator is accessed to the S end of the RS trigger through the buffer, and the negative input end of the RS trigger is an output signal of the COT loop. The output of the RS trigger generates a signal for controlling the power tube to be turned off through a two-phase non-overlapping clock, wherein a control signal ZL for judging whether the loop works in a DCM mode is also used for controlling the PMOS power tube to be turned off, and the control signal ZL is output through a Buffer and the RS trigger after the output voltage and the voltage at the right end of the inductor are compared. The two control signals pass through the OR gate and then jointly control the PMOS power tube. The voltage boosting loop is a negative feedback system when V pv Greater than V ref When the voltage is high, the comparator 1 outputs high level, the RS trigger outputs 1, the constant conduction time circuit is triggered to work, the inductive current is increased, and the voltage V is enabled to be high pv And decreases. The on-time is approximate to the time required by the capacitor voltage to charge the inverter turnover voltage, when the capacitor voltage is greater than the inverter turnover voltage, the monostable triggers the shortest off-time signal, the RS trigger outputs 0, and after the inverter and the time delay, the switch for controlling the charge and discharge of the capacitor is switched on, and the capacitor is rapidly discharged. When V is pv Is again greater than V ref The turn-off time is not finished until the minimum turn-off time is reached, and the turn-off time is shorter and shorter as the output voltage is larger and larger. Because the control mode based on ESR resistor voltage ripple is adopted, loop compensation is not needed, the response speed of the whole loop is increased, and V is enabled to be ref When changed, V pv It can quickly keep up with its changes. But the ESR resistance needs to satisfy
Avoiding the appearance of the right plane pole. Although the larger the ESR resistance is, the more stable it is, the power consumption increases and the input voltage ripple increases, decreasing the energy conversion efficiency.
MixingThe MPPT algorithm control circuit consists of a pulse integration (ORPI) algorithm circuit working and transient enhanced open circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm circuit. The ORPI algorithm circuit consists of a pulse integrator, a high-precision fast dynamic comparator, a high-precision capacitive amplifier, a sampling/holding circuit and a maximum power point updating circuit. The pulse integrator outputs a signal for controlling the charging on-off by the comparator, and the operational amplifier determines the magnitude of the charging current to complete the integration of the signal. When the sampling signal is at a high level, the switch is closed, the input signal charges the sampling capacitor, and the output voltage follows the input change. Because the operational amplifier is closed loop and works normally, the output voltage is certainly greater than 0, and the low level near 0 cannot be sampled. When the sampling signal is at low level, the switch is turned off and the holding stage is entered. The output voltage is maintained at the input voltage value at the last moment the switch is turned on. The sampling capacitor is isolated from the load connected with the output end by introducing the unit gain amplifier with high input impedance, so that the phenomenon that the charge on the sampling capacitor leaks through the load and can not keep the voltage is avoided. When the sampled value changes less in unit time, in order to reduce power consumption, after the sampling capacitor can be quickly increased to the initial sampling value, the tail current source value of the sampling amplifier is reduced, so that the power consumption is saved. In order to avoid large ripple of the sampled information, the sampling clock frequency is less than the frequency of the boost loop combining DC-DC and MPPT. And the ORMI algorithm circuit carries out maximum power point MPPT operation in the holding stage, so the proportion of the sampling time to the holding time is small and is set as 1. Because the variation amplitude of the signal to be sampled in each period is small, the charge and discharge capacity of the operational amplifier to the sampling capacitor can reduce the bias current and reduce the power consumption after the capacity of fast sampling to the initial value is met. The high-precision fast dynamic comparator circuit is used for comparing the voltage representing the maximum power point MPP sampled in the last holding stage with the voltage sampled in the holding stage. In order to realize high precision and fast index, a cascade low-gain high-bandwidth amplifier is adopted to pre-amplify an input difference value, but the value of an input signal coupled to an output end through a capacitor is unstable, so that the input signal needs to be added to a latch, and compared information is fast locked into a binary signal 1 or 0. High bandwidth, large width-to-length ratio of MOS transistorAnd the transmission delay can be reduced by a small sampling capacitor, and the speed is increased. The fully differential structure of the comparator further improves the sensitivity of the input by minimizing clock feedthrough problems caused by the feedback switches of the preamplifier. The introduction of a switched capacitor at each stage of the comparator reduces the effect of the offset voltage. Three operational amplifiers with the gain of 6 are selected to replace a single high-gain operational amplifier and a high-speed latch capable of locking the logic state quickly, so that the difference between the input ends is small, and the speed and the accuracy are improved. The basic clock period is 2 microseconds, the duty ratio is 1/10, two clock signals are generated from a two-phase non-overlapping clock circuit, one clock signal is a sampling clock, output voltage and current information are multiplied and stored in a sampling capacitor, and the output of a multiplication integrator circuit is V sample . The reset signal and the comparison signal of the high-precision comparator are generated by two control signal NOR gates and a two-phase non-overlapping clock circuit, and the offset voltage of the comparator is stored in a sampling capacitor of each stage during sampling. After the offset is eliminated, the difference value between the sampling voltage and the maximum power point voltage is pre-amplified in the comparison period, and the pre-amplified result is compared and output to the RS trigger.
V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is formed by combining a delay module, gate logic in digital logic, a phase inverter, a D trigger, a monostable trigger circuit and a sampling capacitor voltage control circuit. By introducing the NAND gate RS flip-flop and performing OR logic operation on the output signal of the NAND gate RS flip-flop and the selection signal, the output of the OR gate is kept stable before the falling edge of the steady-state signal arrives. The state of the T 'trigger is used for overturning along with the triggering of the rising edge (or the falling edge) of the clock signal every time, and the first falling edge and the second falling edge of the pull-down signal can obtain the intermediate signal Count through the T' trigger and then are correctly distinguished from the original signal logic combination. When a falling edge arrives, the output of the OR gate jumps correctly, the algorithm selection signal MPPT _ sel is delayed, the condition that the values output by the OR gate after the change of the MPPT _ sel are not overlapped after passing through the trigger is ensured, the delay time is longer than the delay time from input to output of the trigger, and finally, the correct time sequence signal control is obtained by using different control signal combination output edges to trigger the monostable clock generation circuitThe voltage on the capacitor is sampled. The sampling capacitor voltage control circuit directly charges the sampling capacitor only when the power-on reset signal or the sampling voltage updating signal is 1, and the other conditions are that the charging current source is controlled by the pull-up signal or the discharging current source is controlled by the pull-down signal to change the voltage of the sampling capacitor. The magnitude of the charging current and the discharging current varies according to the algorithm. The capacitor discharge leakage in the common sample/hold circuit is serious, the junction leakage formed by the drain electrode and the substrate of the switch tube and the junction leakage formed by the drain electrode and the source are mainly in direct proportion to the voltage difference between the junctions, and the low leakage and the long-time signal holding can be realized by keeping the minimum voltage difference between the source electrode and the drain electrode substrate of the switch drain electrode. The substrate of the switch tube is connected with the source electrode, the voltage difference between the drain electrode and the source electrode (substrate) is the offset voltage of the five-tube operational amplifier connected into unit gain, the value is very small, and the leakage current is effectively reduced. And the current of the tail current source of the five-tube operational amplifier is at the nano-ampere level, so that the power consumption is basically not consumed. The voltage on the sampling capacitor is changed by introducing pull-up and pull-down signals, a pull-up current source and a pull-down current source, the output voltage of the sampling capacitor is connected to the positive input end of the five-tube operational amplifier, the negative input end of the five-tube operational amplifier is the drain of a switch M3, the source of the switch M3 is connected to the drain of the switch M1 and the source of the switch M2, the source of the switch M1 is connected to the output voltage of the solar cell, and the drain of the switch M2 is connected to the sampling voltage output end.
Reference voltage V oc_est After the comparator is established, the enable signal of the comparator is high, and the output voltage of the comparator is 0 when the comparator does not work, so that the comparator is prevented from outputting wrong voltage information. Reference voltage V oc_est Generated by the maximum power point voltage sampled in the last stage by setting the ratio of the feedback resistors of the in-phase amplifier
The magnitude is found to be around the open circuit voltage. V ramp The voltage is continuously increased under the action of the ramp voltage regulation control circuit, and when the voltage is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs high level to reset the RS latch. When the BCD signal is at high level, two power transistors of the DC-DC booster circuit are turned off, and the inductive current cannot continueCapacitor C for input terminal in Charging, C in At the solar output current I PV The open circuit voltage is slowly restored under the action of the voltage. Ideal V when the illumination intensity is suddenly increased greatly or the shaded sub-solar modules recover illumination MPPT Increase rapidly due to I PV The size is limited so that the input terminal capacitor cannot be charged to V in one working cycle oc But the traced V MPPT Will gradually increase and gradually approach to the correct V after a plurality of working cycles MPPT . Ideal V when the intensity of illumination is suddenly reduced to a large extent or the sub-solar modules are partially shaded MPPT And decreases rapidly. If it has been reduced to V for this period MPPT Greater than the changed open circuit voltage V oc ，V PV V that cannot be measured in this period MPPT V is rapidly reduced and stabilized to the point that the reference voltage continues to operate oc Nearby, the DC-DC boost loop cannot continuously charge the output end battery. Before the end of the stabilization period within the period of 10 mus, the update signal corrects V in time ramp Voltage to update to correct V in time at the next MPPT transient response stage MPPT . If V of this period MPPT Is still greater than the changed open-circuit voltage V oc Then C will be after the BCD signal is high in The voltage of the solar energy takes the solar energy output current as the discharge current I PV Decreasing, gradually, the traced V MPPT Will gradually decrease and gradually approach to the correct V after a plurality of working cycles MPPT 。
When V is ramp Voltage pull-up signal phi ramp_up Triggering the maximum power point voltage V when the falling edge comes MPPT Sampling signal Sample lasts 2 mus, and upper and lower switches are opened to Sample V PV Output voltage equal to
And stored as V of the current state MPPT . The sampling signal Sample falling edge enables the BCD to be restored to low level, and the DC-DC booster circuit is prevented from entering a constant closing state. Next, V PV At pull-down phi ramp_down Gradually decreases to V under the action of signal MPPT To resume the steady state phase. When the SRE _ FOCV algorithm circuit does not work, the consumed quiescent current is only about 50 nA. The operational amplifier output connected to the positive proportional amplifier is the negative input end of the comparator, and the positive input end of the comparator is V ramp The output signal of the voltage regulation control circuit is connected to the R end of the RS trigger through a buffer, is output through the Q non-end, generates an enable signal BCD for cutting off a DC-DC boost loop with the sampling signal through an OR gate, and is connected to the S end of the second RS trigger at the same time, the R end is a digital signal for controlling the output of the R end to be 0, the output signal of the second RS trigger controls the on and off of a sampling solar output voltage switch through a monostable clock circuit triggered by a falling edge, and the output signal is acted on the S end of the first RS trigger through a monostable circuit triggered by a rising edge.
The photovoltaic energy management chip based on the hybrid MPPT algorithm and the control method thereof proposed by the present invention are described in detail above, and a specific example is applied in the present document to explain the principle and the implementation manner of the present invention, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic energy management chip based on mix MPPT algorithm which characterized in that, the chip specifically includes: input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit, hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit and V ramp The device comprises a voltage regulation control circuit, an MPPT algorithm selection circuit, a reference voltage control circuit, a solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, a zero current identification circuit and an overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit;
the output of the solar photovoltaic cell is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit, the solar photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit is used for determining the illumination intensity at the moment and then is connected with the MPPT algorithm selection circuit, so that the chip can be used forTwo different MPPT algorithms are selected according to different illuminations, a mixed MPPT algorithm control circuit is connected behind the MPPT algorithm selection circuit and used for ensuring that the chip keeps high efficiency in the starting and stable working stages, and meanwhile, the output of the solar photovoltaic cell is also connected with a V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is used for controlling the output voltage change of the solar photovoltaic cell panel; the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell; the reference voltage control circuit is used for outputting V in the transient response stage ramp V generated by the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit at the output transient stage of the stable working stage MPPT The hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit generates a corresponding maximum power point voltage at the moment; the zero current identification circuit controls the working mode of the input voltage regulation DC-DC boost conversion circuit to be a continuous conduction mode CCM or a discontinuous conduction mode DCM; the overvoltage/undervoltage protection circuit is used for performing overvoltage or undervoltage protection on the chip.
2. The chip of claim 1, wherein the input voltage regulating DC-DC boost converter circuit switches the input voltage into the feedback control circuit to form a negative feedback so that the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell is maintained at the maximum power point, and the constant on-time control circuit in the converter can switch the chip between pwm and pfm and simultaneously cooperate with the zero current identification circuit to switch the whole chip between the continuous on mode and the discontinuous on mode.
3. The chip of claim 1, wherein the hybrid MPPT algorithm control circuit comprises an ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration, a transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit, and an open-circuit voltage FOCV algorithm circuit, both of which are connected to the MPPT algorithm selection circuit and controlled by an output signal thereof, so as to ensure that the chip can automatically switch a suitable MPPT scheme and control method according to different illumination levels and only one MPPT algorithm circuit operates in a MPPT transient response tracking stage, and is turned onCircuit voltage FOCV algorithm circuit and V ramp The voltage regulation control circuit is connected, so that the whole chip can perform maximum power point tracking when being electrified, and then the whole chip is transited to a normal working state.
4. The chip of claim 3, wherein the input voltage regulating DC-DC boost converter circuit stabilizes the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the power switch driving signal has a fixed on-time T in each cycle on The turn-off time is determined by the voltage time when the photovoltaic cell recovers to the maximum power point, the minimum turn-off time is set, the duty ratio is maximum at the moment, and the maximum voltage value which can be charged by the rechargeable battery at the output end is determined; before the output voltage does not reach the maximum value, the PFM is modulated by the pulse frequency, the turn-off time is automatically reduced along with the increase of the output voltage, and the working frequency is gradually increased; after the output voltage reaches the maximum value, the output voltage keeps stable and is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM); when the light intensity is reduced to a certain degree, and the zero current identification circuit detects zero inductive current, the DC-DC boost conversion circuit automatically switches to the discontinuous conduction mode DCM, and along with the reduction of the light intensity, when the inductive current is reduced to 0 and stabilized, the charging current of the input capacitor is smaller, the time for the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell panel to recover to a set value is longer, and the working frequency is lower and lower.
5. The chip of claim 4, wherein the pulse integration based ORPI algorithm circuit is composed of a pulse integrator, a high-precision fast dynamic comparator, a high-precision capacitive amplifier, a sample/hold circuit and a maximum power point MPP update circuit; the ORPI algorithm is a GMPPT algorithm, the output power of the photovoltaic cell is calculated through a pulse integrator within a wide scanning range, and the maximum power working point voltage of the photovoltaic cell is accurately tracked.
6. The chip of claim 5, wherein the high-precision fast dynamic comparator uses three operational amplifiers with a gain of 6 to replace a single high-gain operational amplifier and a high-speed latch capable of fast locking logic states.
7. The chip of claim 3, wherein the transient enhanced open circuit voltage (SRE-FOCV) algorithm circuit enables the DC-DC boost converter circuit to operate in an algorithm stage, energy is transferred from an output end to an input end, and an output end capacitor charges an input capacitor through an inductor, so that the voltage increase speed of the input capacitor is increased.
8. The control method of a hybrid MPPT algorithm-based photovoltaic energy management chip according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control method is specifically:
when the chip is not powered on, all circuits of the chip do not work, the chip stays at a standby stage, and no static power consumption exists; when the output end battery is fully charged, the standby stage can be automatically started; when the whole chip is just powered on, because the maximum power point voltage does not exist, namely the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic cell cannot be stabilized at a set reference voltage value to work, the initial algorithm circuit is firstly started, the process is a starting stage, the starting stage only runs once after the chip is powered on, after the starting stage is finished, the maximum power point reference voltage is generated, the steady-state mode of 8s is started, the solar photovoltaic cell panel outputs the maximum power point reference voltage stably tracked in the previous stage to charge the output end cell, and the algorithm circuit working in the next transient response stage is selected before the steady-state working stage is finished; under the condition of strong light, the ORPI algorithm circuit based on pulse integration works, and under the condition of weak light, the transient enhanced open-circuit voltage SRE-FOCV algorithm circuit works; and in the MPPT transient response stage of tracking the maximum power point, finishing updating the working voltage of the maximum power point, and then entering the steady state stage again to form a cycle of two modes of a stable working stage and a tracking transient response stage.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115912915A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | 南京邮电大学 | High-efficiency power supply management unit applied to radio frequency energy collection |
| CN117032385A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 威胜能源技术股份有限公司 | High-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK topology |
| CN118316286A (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-07-09 | 钰泰半导体股份有限公司 | PWM signal generating circuit for eliminating influence of internal resistance of battery |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115912915A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | 南京邮电大学 | High-efficiency power supply management unit applied to radio frequency energy collection |
| CN117032385A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 威胜能源技术股份有限公司 | High-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK topology |
| CN117032385B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-22 | 威胜能源技术股份有限公司 | High-efficiency MPPT control method applied to BUCK topology |
| CN118316286A (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-07-09 | 钰泰半导体股份有限公司 | PWM signal generating circuit for eliminating influence of internal resistance of battery |
| CN118316286B (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-08-13 | 钰泰半导体股份有限公司 | PWM signal generating circuit for eliminating influence of internal resistance of battery |
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