CN117025098B - Oil filling, preparation method thereof and method for repairing ancient building oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics - Google Patents
Oil filling, preparation method thereof and method for repairing ancient building oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N=C=O)C(N=C=O)=CC=C21 ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
- C09D191/005—Drying oils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full of oil, a preparation method thereof and a method for repairing ancient building oil-decorated colored paintings and cultural relics, and belongs to the technical field of cultural relics protection. The oil filling comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 40 percent of cooked tung oil, 15 to 20 percent of starch, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of quicklime, 20 to 25 percent of water, 20 to 40 percent of silicon dioxide and 0.5 to 2 percent of drier. Compared with the traditional oil filling, the oil filling of the invention has the advantages that the drying time is shortened by 75% at most, the thermal expansion coefficient is reduced by 49% at most, the equilibrium water content is reduced by 49% at most under high humidity, the physical and chemical properties of the oil filling are obviously improved, and the defects of long drying time, poor ageing resistance and disease recurrence after repair of the traditional oil filling are overcome. The novel oil can meet the compatibility principle of the repairing material and the cultural relic body in the cultural relic repairing, has the obvious advantages of good bonding strength, small hygroscopicity, good operability and the like, and can be used for repairing the ancient building oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to protection and repair of ancient architecture oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics, belongs to the technical field of cultural relics protection, and particularly relates to a method for preparing the same and repairing the ancient architecture oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics.
Background
The oil-decorated color painting is a surface decoration drawn on ancient Chinese buildings, and has the functions of protecting wood components, decorating, highlighting the building grade, beautifying the building environment and the like. The ancient architecture oil decoration color painting is a special decoration process of the ancient architecture of China, is the physical evidence of the ancient painting process and materials in different regions and different times, also reflects the remarkable artistic achievement, aesthetic orientation and technological level in the ancient, and has high historical, artistic, scientific and social values. However, ancient architecture oil-decorated paintings are affected by manufacturing materials, processes and internal and external environmental factors, and structural diseases such as cracking, warping, hollowing, falling off and the like are easy to occur, so that the oil-decorated paintings are damaged and aged, and even the wooden components are threatened when serious (Gao Jintao. Investigation of the disease of the building paintings in the palace area of the palace of nourishing the heart and research on the environmental influence factors [ D ]. University of Beijing building, 2017.) are threatened.
It is believed that the frequent structural failure of the oil-decorated color drawings is caused by the difference in expansion coefficients between the materials of construction. The ancient architecture oil decorative color painting is composed of a wooden basal layer, a ground layer, a pigment layer or an oil layer, is an anisotropic multi-layer composite material, and is characterized in that interlayer stress is caused between layers due to the difference of expansion coefficients, the interlayer stress repeatedly appears and gradually accumulates along with the change of temperature and humidity, the interlayer stress can cause the damage of the material when the interlayer stress is larger than the strength born by the material, the oil decorative color painting is macroscopically cracked and appears as structural diseases such as warping and falling off, and the like, and even the serious person can fall off together even if the layer is connected (Wang Liqin, he Qiuju, zhou Wenhui, etc. the western security drum oil decorative color painting is mainly subjected to disease analysis [ J ] cultural relic protection and archaeological science [ 2010,22 (01): 26-31; li Zhaojun, ma Jian. Ancient architecture oil paint color painting damage mechanism and protection measure research [ J ]. Ancient architecture garden technology [ 2009 (02): 50-53).
The common repairing material for protecting and repairing the structural diseases of the oil-decorated color paintings is oil. The oil is the main adhesive material in the base layer of the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting, and is prepared by mixing three materials of ash oil (cooked tung oil), flour and lime water. The traditional oil filling as a repairing material has the remarkable characteristics of repairing and restoring cultural relics by the original process of raw materials, accords with the principle that the cultural relic repairing material needs to be well compatible with the cultural relic body, has the advantages of strong bonding capability, good operability and the like, and has many applications in protecting and repairing ancient architecture oil-decorated color paintings in recent years. However, the traditional oil is full of oil and has obvious defects such as slow curing, long drying time, need of supporting, large expansion coefficient difference with a wooden substrate, poor weather resistance, easy aging after repair, repeated attack of structural diseases and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for repairing the ancient building oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics, which is full of oil and is prepared by the method. The invention has the advantages of high oil-filled drying speed and excellent ageing resistance, and overcomes the defects of long oil-filled drying time, poor ageing resistance and disease recurrence after repair of the traditional oil-filled coating. The novel oil filling agent not only meets the compatibility principle of the repairing material and the cultural relic body, but also has the remarkable advantages of good bonding strength, small hygroscopicity, good operability and the like, and can be used for repairing the ancient building oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing oil-filled articles, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Gelatinization of starch: taking 15-20 parts of starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium oxide and 20-25 parts of water, uniformly mixing the materials, and continuously stirring for 5-10 min at room temperature until starch paste is formed;
(2) Preparation of primary oil: adding 25-40 parts of cooked tung oil into the starch paste, and continuously stirring for 20-30 min at room temperature to obtain primary oil full;
(3) Optimizing the preparation of oil filling: and sequentially adding 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.5-2 parts of drier into the primary oil, uniformly mixing the materials according to a proper proportion, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min at room temperature to obtain the final optimized oil.
Further, in step (1): the starch is wheat starch; the water is: tap water, pure water or deionized water.
Further, in step (2): the cooked tung oil is obtained by adding Plumbum Preparatium and soil seeds into the tung oil and decocting at high temperature.
Further, in step (3): the silicon dioxide is spherical silicon dioxide with the particle size of 1-6 mu m and the specific surface area of 35-80 m 2/g; the drier is one or more of the following materials: toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
Further, in step (3): the optimized oil filling comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25 to 40 percent of cooked tung oil, 15 to 20 percent of starch, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of quicklime, 20 to 25 percent of water, 20 to 40 percent of silicon dioxide and 0.5 to 2 percent of drier.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a full oil prepared by a method according to any one of the preceding aspects.
According to a third aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, the method for repairing the oil-filled ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting comprises the following steps:
(1) Applying oil filling: applying the oil to the interior of the ancient architecture oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics needing to be repaired;
(2) And (3) drying: and (3) fully removing redundant oil at the edge of the repaired part, and waiting for drying the repaired oil-decorated colored painting cultural relics.
Further, before the step (1), the method further comprises: dilution of oil fullness: placing the oil in a vessel, diluting by corresponding times according to actual requirements, and uniformly stirring; the dilution of the oil is 0-20 times according to the actual application scene.
Further, in step (1): the oil filling application process comprises filling, brushing and grouting injection, wherein the application is carried out for 2-5 times, and the interval time is not more than 5min.
Further, in step (2): the drying condition is that the temperature is 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 10-90%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the novel oil-filled drying speed is high, compared with the traditional oil-filled drying time, the novel oil-filled drying speed can be shortened by 75% at most, the supporting roof is avoided, and the site construction efficiency and convenience of repairing the ancient building oil-decorated color painting cultural relics are greatly improved.
2. The novel oil-filled thermal expansion coefficient is small, can be reduced by 49% at most in the range of-40-100 ℃ compared with the traditional oil-filled thermal expansion coefficient in the range of the environmental temperature of the ancient architecture, and is more matched with the thermal expansion coefficient of the oil-decorated color painting wooden substrate.
3. The novel oil filling can reduce the adsorption capacity of the oil filling to water, the balanced water content can be reduced by 49% at most under 98% relative humidity, and the novel oil filling is more beneficial to long-term storage of ancient building oil decoration color painting cultural relics.
4. The novel oil filled tung oil provided by the invention has the advantages that all the oxidation polymerization reactions of the tung oil molecules are complete, the problem that the inside tung oil cannot be dried after the tung oil filled with the middle surface layer is dried to form a film is solved, and the actual drying time of the oil filled with the tung oil is shortened greatly.
5. The novel oil filling provided by the invention prevents and treats structural diseases of the oil-decorated color painting by reducing the difference of the expansion coefficients of the oil filling and the wood substrate, and no obvious structural diseases appear after 100 days and 400 temperature and humidity cyclic aging experiments, so that the novel oil filling has excellent ageing resistance, can effectively prevent occurrence and recurrence of the diseases of the oil-decorated color painting, and remarkably prolongs the service life of the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting cultural relics.
6. The novel oil filling agent is modified on the basis of not changing the traditional oil filling raw materials and the original formula, and has the advantages of simple and convenient preparation process, low cost, environment friendliness and safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operational flow of the novel oil-filled preparation and application of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples before (a) and after (b) the temperature and humidity cycle aging test.
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the materials obtained in the examples and comparative examples after the temperature and humidity cycle aging test.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of an operation of a hometown museum with the novel oil-filled repair oil-decorated color painting cultural relics of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the preparation and use effects of the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. The following embodiments according to the above-described technical solutions are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but are not limited to these embodiments.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The conventional oil-full drying time depends on the oxidation polymerization reaction rate of the internal tung oil, and the weather resistance difference is related to the difference of expansion coefficients of the oil-full and the wood substrate or the ground layer. According to the invention, the oxidation polymerization reaction speed of tung oil is improved by adding isocyanate drier into traditional oil, so that the drying time of the oil is shortened; the porous micron-sized silica particles are added to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the oil filling, so that the thermal expansion coefficient is matched with the expansion coefficient of the wood substrate as much as possible, and the shrinkage and expansion stress at the interface is reduced, thereby improving the weather resistance of the wood substrate.
The isocyanate refers to a series of ester compounds derived from isocyanate, and the general formula is R-N=C=O, and the isocyanate can be classified into monoisocyanate, diisocyanate, polyisocyanate and the like according to the number of isocyanate groups (-NCO). Because of containing highly unsaturated isocyanate groups, the isocyanate has good chemical activity, can theoretically react with any active hydrogen-containing substances including hydroxyl, amino, water, carboxyl and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of construction, medical treatment, chemical industry, manufacturing industry and the like. The invention selects isocyanate as a drier for improving the traditional oil-full drying time, and aims to promote the oxidation polymerization reaction rate of tung oil by utilizing the good chemical activity of isocyanate to react with the tung oil in oil-full and the intermediate of oxidation polymerization products thereof; meanwhile, the isocyanate can react with other components in the oil, such as starch and active hydrogen in water, so as to further accelerate the drying of the oil. In addition, the two isocyanate groups in the diisocyanate can generate mutual induction effect to promote the reactivity of the diisocyanate to be further increased compared with that of the monoisocyanate, so that the drier selected in the invention is diisocyanate.
The micron-sized silicon dioxide is an inorganic chemical material, is amorphous white powder at normal temperature, is nontoxic and tasteless, and has a microstructure generally in a spherical shape and a size range of 1-100 mu m. The micron-sized silicon dioxide has a plurality of unique properties, such as ultrahigh specific surface area and good hydrophobicity, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of strength, toughness and the like, ageing resistance, chemical resistance and the like of other materials. The invention adds micron-sized silicon dioxide into the traditional oil filling, and aims to fill the pores in the oil filling by utilizing micron-sized silicon dioxide particles, reduce the expansion coefficient of the oil filling, and improve the mechanical strength, the water resistance and the like of the oil filling to a certain extent. In addition, the micron-sized silicon dioxide has higher specific surface area and surface porous structure, so that oxygen can enter the oil filled interior more easily, the oxidation polymerization reaction of tung oil is promoted, and the oil filled drying speed and the ageing resistance are improved.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention provides a preparation method of oil filling, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Gelatinization of starch: mixing 15-20 parts of starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium oxide and 20-25 parts of water uniformly in a proper proportion, and continuously stirring for 5-10 min at room temperature until a viscous milky pasty material is formed.
(2) Preparation of primary oil: adding 25-40 parts of cooked tung oil into the starch paste, and continuously stirring for 20-30 min at room temperature to obtain the oil filling.
(3) Optimizing the preparation of oil filling: adding 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.5-2 parts of drier into the oil, uniformly mixing the materials according to a proper proportion, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min at room temperature to obtain the final optimized oil.
Further, the starch selected in the step (1) is wheat starch.
Further, the water selected in the step (1) is: tap water, pure water or deionized water.
Further, the cooked tung oil selected in the step (2) is refined tung oil obtained by adding Plumbum Preparatium and soil seeds into the raw tung oil and decocting at high temperature.
Further, the silicon dioxide selected in the step (3) is spherical silicon dioxide with the particle size of 1-6 mu m and the specific surface area of 35-80 m 2/g.
Further, the drier selected in the step (3) is one or more of the following materials: toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
Further, the optimized oil filling in the step (3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25 to 40 percent of cooked tung oil, 15 to 20 percent of starch, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of calcium oxide, 20 to 25 percent of water, 20 to 40 percent of silicon dioxide and 0.5 to 2 percent of drier. Wherein, the proportion of the cooked tung oil, the starch, the calcium oxide and the water is the proportion regulated in the traditional manufacturing process of the ancient official building oil decorative color painting, and is obtained by literature data and experience of workers; the proportion of the silicon dioxide and the drier is determined by experiments, and in the addition range, the novel oil filler has good drying speed and mechanical property, the thermal expansion coefficient is matched with a wood substrate, and meanwhile, the basic properties such as hardness, adhesive force and bonding strength of the oil filler cannot be greatly influenced.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides the oil filling, wherein the oil filling is prepared by adopting the preparation method according to any one of the aspects.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a method for repairing the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting cultural relics by adopting the oil filling according to the aspects, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Application of oil fullness: and applying the diluted oil-filled or oil-filled stock solution into the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting cultural relics needing to be repaired.
(2) And (3) drying: and (3) fully removing redundant novel oil at the edge of the repaired part, and waiting for drying the repaired oil-decorated colored painting cultural relics.
Further, before the step (1), the method further comprises: dilution of oil fullness: and (3) placing the oil in a vessel, diluting by corresponding times according to actual requirements, and uniformly stirring. If the viscosity is needed to be higher, the step can be omitted, and the stock solution can be directly filled with oil.
Further, the dilution of the oil is 0 to 20 times according to the practical application scene.
Further, the oil-filled stock solution is generally used for repairing the falling-off position of the base layer of the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting.
Further, the diluted oil is generally used for repairing cracks, warping and other positions of the oil-decorated color paintings of the ancient architecture.
Further, the full-oil applying process in the step (2) comprises filling, brushing, grouting injection and the like, and the full-oil applying process is applied for 2 to 5 times, and the interval time is not more than 5 minutes. Under the application frequency and interval time, the novel oil filling cannot be dried too fast in the construction process, and meanwhile, the viscosity and the operability are kept high.
Further, the drying condition suitable in the step (3) is that the temperature is 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 10-90%. The drying condition is the environmental temperature and humidity range when the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting is repaired outdoors in spring, summer and autumn in Beijing area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing the novel oil filling and repairing the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting cultural relics provided by the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S101: mixing cooked tung oil, starch, calcium oxide and water uniformly in a proper proportion to form oil full;
step S102: adding silicon dioxide and a drier in proper proportion into the oil;
step S103: diluting the novel oil with normal-temperature water according to actual requirements;
step S104: filling, brushing or injecting the novel oil to the positions where the ancient architecture oil-decorated colored paintings and cultural relics need to be repaired;
step S105: and (5) waiting for the repaired oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics to be slowly dried.
Noteworthy are: the materials obtained in the following examples and comparative examples were subjected to respective tests in the following manner, and the test results are shown in the accompanying tables.
(1) Drying time test: the actual drying times of the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples were measured by the press filter paper method (real dry nail method) according to GB/T1728-2020 "determination of drying times of paint films, putty films".
(2) And (3) adhesive strength test: determination of tensile shear Strength of adhesive according to GB/T7124-2008
(Rigid materials versus rigid materials) the adhesion strength of the materials obtained for the different examples and comparative examples was tested using a universal tester.
(3) Surface contact angle test: 5 mu L of deionized water was added dropwise to the surfaces of the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples by using a microinjector, and the contact angle of the surfaces was calculated by using a five-point fitting method.
(4) Moisture absorption performance test: the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples were tested for maximum moisture content under different relative humidity environments using a ProUmid SPSx-1 mu high-throughput dynamic moisture adsorption tester and for moisture absorption/desorption curves over the tested humidity range. Test range: 0% -98% RH; humidity gradient:
3%/5%/10% rh; temperature: 25 ℃; default sampling frequency: for 10min; gradient minimum measurement time: 60min; gradient maximum measurement time: 6h; default weight limit: 1000%; balance conditions: dm/dt is less than or equal to 0.01.
(5) Expansion coefficient test: the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples were tested using a static thermo-mechanical analyzer. Testing constant load: 50mN; test temperature range: -40-100 ℃;
Rate of temperature rise: 5 ℃/min; displacement resolution: 0.01 μm.
(6) Simulation aging experiment: the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples were placed in a temperature and humidity environment test chamber, and aged for 3 hours at a temperature of 55deg.C and a relative humidity of 95% before the test, and aged for 3 hours at a temperature of 15deg.C and a relative humidity of 40% before the test, which was an aging period (6
H) . And repeatedly carrying out a temperature and humidity cyclic aging experiment. Taking out the sample at certain intervals, photographing by using a microscopic single digital camera without reflection and a super depth of field microscope, and recording the change of the surface morphology of the sample.
Example 1:
placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; 120g of silicon dioxide is added into the prepared oil, stirring is continued for 10min, 3g of toluene diisocyanate is slowly added dropwise, stirring is continued for 5min at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the example 1.
Example 2:
Placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; 120g of silicon dioxide is added into the prepared oil, stirring is continued for 10min, 12g of toluene diisocyanate is slowly added dropwise, stirring is continued for 5min at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the example 2.
Example 3:
placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; 120g of silicon dioxide is added into the prepared oil, stirring is continued for 10min, 12g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the oil, stirring is continued for 5min at room temperature, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the example 3.
Example 4:
placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; to the prepared oil, 300g of silica was added and stirring was continued for 10 minutes, and then 3g of toluene diisocyanate was slowly dropped, and stirring was continued for 5 minutes at room temperature, and after uniform mixing, example 4 was obtained.
Example 5:
placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; to the prepared oil, 300g of silica was added and stirring was continued for 10min, and then 12g of toluene diisocyanate was slowly added dropwise, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 5min, and example 5 was obtained after mixing uniformly.
Example 6:
Placing 100g of starch in a container, adding 5g of calcium oxide and 125g of water, stirring for 5min, adding 200g of cooked tung oil after the starch is fully dissolved, and continuously stirring for 30min to obtain a uniform and viscous brown pasty material, namely full oil; to the prepared oil, 300g of silica was added and stirring was continued for 10min, and then 12g of p-phenyl diisocyanate was slowly added dropwise, and stirring was continued at room temperature for 5min, and after uniform mixing, example 6 was obtained.
Comparative example:
200g of starch is placed in a container, 10g of calcium oxide and 250g of water are added and stirred for 10min, after the starch is fully dissolved, 400g of cooked tung oil is added and stirring is continued for 30min, and a uniform and viscous brown pasty material is obtained, namely the comparative example.
The materials obtained in different examples and comparative examples were tested for each property according to the corresponding test methods, and the results of the properties measured are shown in the attached tables. The comparative photographs of the different examples and comparative examples before (a) and after (b) the temperature and humidity cycle aging test are shown in fig. 2, and the micrographs of the different examples and comparative examples after the temperature and humidity cycle aging test are shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, after the temperature and humidity cyclic aging test for 100d, no obvious disease appears on the surfaces of different embodiments, and the preservation condition is good; obvious structural diseases such as cracks and the like occur on the surface of the comparative example.
The attached table: results of Performance test of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples
The results of the performance tests performed on the materials obtained in the different examples and comparative examples show that: compared with the traditional oil filling, the novel oil filling adhesive strength is not obviously changed, and the normal use of the oil filling as an adhesive material is not affected; the invention reduces the adsorption capacity of oil filling to water in a humid environment, reduces the water content of the oil filling, reduces the equilibrium water content by 32.79-49.07% under 98% RH, and is more beneficial to long-term preservation of the ancient architecture oil-decorated color painting cultural relics; on the basis of the above, the novel oil filling of the invention shortens the drying time by 43.75-75% compared with the traditional oil filling, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient by 26.42-49.38%, and has no obvious disease after 100 days of temperature and humidity cyclic aging experiments. The novel oil filling is modified on the basis of not changing the traditional oil filling raw materials and the original formula, and the preparation process is simple and convenient, low in cost, green and safe, and suitable for repairing ancient building oil decoration color painting cultural relics. Fig. 4 is an operation photograph of a new oil-filled repair oil-decorated color painting cultural relics used by a hometown museum, and has good demonstration effect of field application.
The foregoing description and description have been given of the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention, and various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of preparing oil-filled articles, comprising the steps of:
(1) Gelatinization of starch: taking 15-20 parts of starch, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium oxide and 20-25 parts of water, uniformly mixing the materials, and continuously stirring at room temperature for 5-10 min parts until starch paste is formed;
(2) Preparation of primary oil: adding 25-40 parts of cooked tung oil into the starch paste, and continuously stirring at room temperature for 20-30 min to obtain primary oil full;
(3) Optimizing the preparation of oil filling: sequentially adding 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.5-2 parts of drier into the primary oil, uniformly mixing the materials according to a proper proportion, continuously stirring at room temperature for 10-15 min parts to obtain the final optimized oil,
Wherein: the silicon dioxide is spherical silicon dioxide with the particle size of 1-6 mu m and the specific surface area of 35-80 m 2/g;
The drier is one or more of the following materials: toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1): the starch is wheat starch; the water is: tap water or pure water.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2): the cooked tung oil is obtained by adding Plumbum Preparatium and soil seeds into the tung oil and decocting at high temperature.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3): the optimized oil filling comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-40% of cooked tung oil, 15-20% of starch, 0.5-1.5% of quicklime, 20-25% of water, 20-40% of silicon dioxide and 0.5-2% of drier.
5. An oil-filled article, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A method for repairing a full of the historic building oil decorative color painting according to claim 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) Applying oil filling: applying the oil to the interior of the ancient architecture oil-decorated colored drawing cultural relics needing to be repaired;
(2) And (3) drying: and (3) fully removing redundant oil at the edge of the repaired part, and waiting for drying the repaired oil-decorated colored painting cultural relics.
7. The method for repairing an oil-decorated color painting of an ancient building according to claim 6, wherein the step (1) is preceded by: dilution of oil fullness: placing the oil in a vessel, diluting by corresponding times according to actual requirements, and uniformly stirring;
the dilution of the oil is 0-20 times according to the actual application scene.
8. The method for repairing an oil-decorated color painting of an ancient building according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1): the oil filling application process comprises filling, brushing and grouting injection, wherein the application is carried out for 2-5 times, and the interval time is not more than 5min.
9. The method for repairing an oil-decorated color painting of an ancient building according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2): the drying condition is that the temperature is 10-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 10-90%.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1041467A (en) * | 1962-05-23 | 1966-09-07 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Isocyanate-modified oil compositions |
| CN116515392A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-01 | 北京首华建设经营有限公司 | Oil filling and preparation method and application thereof |
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2023
- 2023-08-14 CN CN202311019988.1A patent/CN117025098B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1041467A (en) * | 1962-05-23 | 1966-09-07 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Isocyanate-modified oil compositions |
| CN116515392A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-01 | 北京首华建设经营有限公司 | Oil filling and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Title |
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| 何秋菊.《文物色彩分析与保护》.2018,第10-11页. * |
| 古建筑油漆彩画破坏机理与保护措施研究;李昭君;马剑;;古建园林技术;20090615(02);第50-53/26页 * |
| 建筑结构加固修复新技术;黄微波;姜琳琳;向佳瑜;胡晓;;新型建筑材料;20121225(12);第66-69页 * |
| 律文秋.《中国古建筑修缮》.2022,第62-64页. * |
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