CN117015657A - 内燃发动机的污染物减排设备和包括该设备的污染物减排系统 - Google Patents

内燃发动机的污染物减排设备和包括该设备的污染物减排系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117015657A
CN117015657A CN202280018371.5A CN202280018371A CN117015657A CN 117015657 A CN117015657 A CN 117015657A CN 202280018371 A CN202280018371 A CN 202280018371A CN 117015657 A CN117015657 A CN 117015657A
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ats
urea
injector
reducing agent
emission abatement
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CN202280018371.5A
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马尔科·费德里科·皮德里亚
爱德华多·梅隆博拉
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FPT Industrial SpA
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FPT Industrial SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9436—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/03—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of low temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/06—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device at cold starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/06—By-pass systems
    • F01N2550/10—By-pass systems of catalytic converters
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
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    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
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    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract

一种用于减排内燃发动机的污染物的设备(ATS1)，包括：外壳(CN)，DOC和DOC的旁路管道(BP)被容纳在外壳中以限定用于穿过该设备的废气的分叉，使得第一流(F1)旨在穿过DOC，并且第二流(F2)旨在绕过DOC；尿素基还原剂的喷射器(J)，其布置在分叉处或紧接分叉下游的地方；和电加热器(H)，其相对于旁路管道环形布置，并且被配置为加热旁路管道并被第一废气流(F1)通过。

Description

内燃发动机的污染物减排设备和包括该设备的污染物减排 系统
发明领域
本发明涉及用于内燃发动机的污染物减排系统(ATS)领域以及包括该减排系统的内燃发动机。
现有技术
与来自陆地交通工具的有害排放物相关的法规正在变得越来越严格，并且因此发现单独的设备或相互连接的设备组以便减少污染物排放变得势在必行。
在柴油循环内燃发动机中常见的设备有：
DPF＝颗粒过滤器，
DOC＝柴油机氧化催化剂，
SCR＝利用存在的氨来还原废气中包含的NOx的选择性催化剂，SCRoF即在类似于DPF的过滤器基质上制造的选择性SCR催化剂，
CUC＝氨减排设备，它通常被用作ATS的最后一个部件，以便避免将氨释放到环境中，将氨释放到环境将促成增加释放到环境中的污染物的数量。
它们是本领域技术人员所熟知的，并且各自的首字母缩略词是同样熟知的盎格鲁-撒克逊表达的首字母缩略词。
还原NOx的基本问题之一是基于尿素的还原剂的正确水解。
最新法规规定，考虑到ATS加热期间排放的污染物，ATS必须尽快是高效的。
促进水解的设备是已知的。电加热器的使用是已知的。例如，EP2826973示出了布置在尿素基还原剂喷雾器的锥体中的电线圈的使用。
如果在下面的详细描述中没有明确排除，则本章中描述的内容将被视为详细描述的组成部分。
发明概述
本发明的目的是改进污染物减排设备，并且特别是目的是对于喷射以降低NOx含量的尿素基还原剂的水解的改进。
本发明的基本思想是提出一种废气减排设备，该设备包括至少一个DOC和废气旁路管道，以限定废气的分叉(bifurcation)，使得第一流旨在通过DOC基质，并且第二流绕过DOC基质。尿素基还原剂喷射器布置在分叉处或紧邻分叉下游的地方。
此外，旁路管道被插入到电加热器中，该电加热器被设计成加热旁路管道并被第一废气流穿过。
第一废气流和第二废气流在离开设备之前在设备的终端部分中混合。
本发明的设备对象是由内燃发动机产生的废气满足的ATS的第一设备。
将尿素基还原剂喷射到直接来自内燃发动机并绕过DOC的第二流中的事实保证了最大的热含量，因为该流，在较冷时不必加热DOC基质。
加热器优选地布置成主要加热旁路管道，而其次加热第一废气流。
值得强调的是，在由柴油机氧化催化剂DOC组成的典型柴油发动机废气后处理系统中，除了将CO氧化成CO2之外，DOC的主要目的是将NO氧化成NO2。从NO到NO2的转化是对下游SCR系统的重要贡献，因为对SCR的快速反应提供了NOx到H2O和N2的最高转化率。这种快速反应仅在NO和NO2浓度大约相等的情况下才能很好地发挥作用。
如果DOC没有达到足够的操作温度，则它不能平衡NO和NO2的浓度，即使在存在足够的氨的情况下也会损害SCR的功能。
优选地，该设备被设计为旋转固体(rotational solid)，其中旁路管道被布置成远离外部外壳的周壁(通常被称为“罐装(canning)”)，并且优选地轴向地布置。
更优选地，该设备包括废气入口管道，该废气入口管道被布置成相对于上述轴向方向以入射方式引入废气，并且还原剂喷射器相对于旁路管道在分叉处同轴地布置。
根据本发明的优选变型，在包含DOC的设备的下游存在至少一个另外的设备，该至少一个另外的设备包含具有CUC的SCR和更下游的铂或铂和钯催化的DOC和DPF。
根据本发明的另一个变型，在DPF的下游存在具有CUC的另一个SCR，该CUC具有附加的尿素基还原剂配给器(doser)，当ATS足够热时，该给料器将被激活。当ATS足够热时，有利的是：停用第一尿素基还原剂配给器以促进DPF中的自发再生。
根据本发明的另一个优选变型，包含被称为SCRoF(来自SCR on Filter的首字母缩略词)的部件的至少一个另外的设备被布置在包含DOC的设备的下游(即对废气中所包含的颗粒的具有过滤能力的SCR)。优选地，具有CUC的另一个SCR布置在SCRoF的下游(如关于待激活的尿素基还原剂的相关配给设备并且针对上述益处所描述的)。
从属权利要求描述了本发明的优选变型，这些变型形成了本说明书的组成部分。
附图简述
根据以下对本发明的实施例(及其变型)的示例的详细描述以及根据仅仅通过非限制性解释的方式给出的附图，本发明的另外的目标和优点将变得清楚，在附图中：
图1示出了包括根据本发明的第一变型的内燃发动机和废气减排设备的第一图示；
图2示出了本发明的另一优选变型；
图3示出了本发明的另一优选变型；
图4至图7示出了根据图1至图3的设备的元件的结构细节。
附图中相同的附图标记和字母标识相同的元件或部件或功能。
还应当注意，本文可以使用术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“上部”、“下部”等来区分各种元件。这些术语并不意味着修改的元件的空间、序列或层次的顺序，除非从文本中具体指出或推断出来。
如下所述，包括附图的各种优选实施例中所示出的元件和特征可以相互组合，然而并不脱离本申请的范围。
优先实施例的详细描述
图1示出了柴油循环内燃发动机E(下文简称为“发动机E”)的示例，其包括进气歧管IP和废气歧管OP。
优选地，发动机E用涡轮增压器T增压，涡轮增压器T包括连接到废气歧管的涡轮机和布置在进气歧管上的由涡轮机旋转驱动的压缩机。
发动机可以配备有用于废气再循环的EGR阀。
根据本发明，废气减排系统包括第一设备，该第一设备被指示为ATS1，该ATS1被布置为ATS的第一部件，废气在从发动机E到外部环境的通常流出中遇到该ATS。
第一设备ATS1包括至少一个DOC和废气旁路管道BP，以限定废气的分叉，使得第一流F1旨在通过DOC基质，而第二流F2绕过DOC基质。
第一流和第二流在离开第一设备ATS1进入可能的第二ATS2设备之前在设备的终端部分中混合在一起，等等。
尿素基还原剂的喷射器J布置在分叉处或紧邻分叉下游的地方。此外，旁路管道插入电加热器H中，电加热器H被配置成加热旁路管道并且被废气的第一流F1通过。
以这种方式，加热器执行加热旁路管道和间接加热第二废气流F2以及直接加热第一废气流F1的双重功能。
第一ATS1设备优选地设计为旋转固体，其中BP旁路管道被布置成远离外壳的周壁，并且优选地相对于整个设备的旋转轴线同轴地布置。
第一设备ATS1包括废气的入口管道IN，该入口管道IN被布置成相对于上述轴向方向以入射方式使废气进入，并且还原剂喷射器相对于旁路管道在分叉处同轴地布置。
从附图中可以看出，第一设备ATS1包括一种钟形件，该钟形件封闭旋转固体的基座，并且在钟形件的顶部存在尿素基还原剂的喷射器J，而在钟形件的横向位置存在形成的废气入口管道IN。
喷射器末端被布置成使得尿素基还原剂喷雾被完全喷射到废气的第二流F2中。
旁路管道包括靠近喷射器J的第一近端部分和具有ATS1设备的终端部分OUT的第二近端部分。
旁路管道的第一部分插入电加热器H中并与电加热器H接触。这样布置主要用于加热旁路管道，而其次用于加热第一废气流。
图4至图7示出了根据不同实施例示例的加热器H的横截面视图。
例如，图4和图5示出了基质加热器，而解决方案6和7示出了翅片加热器(finnedheater)，特别是在图6中，直翅片是径向的，而在图7中，翅片是折叠的，每个翅片形成S形。
图1示出了在第一ATS1设备下游连续布置的另外的ATS2和ATS3部件。
紧接地放置在第一ATS1设备下游的第二ATS2设备包括SCR和CUC，以利用包含适当比例的NH3、NO和NO2的预热气体混合物，以便在发动机起动的第一阶段期间最大化SCR本身的转化效率。
在SCR和CUC的下游，存在装载有铂和/或钯的DOC/DPF，其能够保留本身已知的固体颗粒。
根据表示图1的图示的变型的图2，在第三设备ATS3的下游存在第四设备ATS4，该第四设备ATS4包括SCR和随后的CUC，并且紧接在第四设备ATS4的上游存在尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器J2。
优选地，第二喷射器J2以及因此第四设备ATS4在充分加热相同的第四部件ATS4之后被激活。
优选地，当第四部件完全操作时，尿素基还原剂的第一喷射器J被停用，以便由于NO2效应而有利于包含在第三ATS3设备中的DPF的自发再生。
图3示出了本发明的另一个优选变型，其中在第一ATS1设备的下游存在连续地布置的附加的ATS23和ATS4部件。第二设备ATS23与前面附图的第二设备ATS2不同，尽管如ATS2一样紧接地布置在第一设备ATS1的下游。ATS23设备包括称为SCRoF(来自“SCR onFilter”的首字母缩略词)的部件，SCRoF是对废气中包含的颗粒具有过滤能力的SCR。
以这种方式，可以利用相同的部件，通过并且包含适当比例的NH3、NO和NO2的预热气体的混合物来最大化SCR的转化效率，并且过滤微粒物质的固体颗粒。
SCRoF的下游存在第三设备，该第三设备对应于图2中的第四ATS4。该第三设备包括SCR和CUC(还配备有尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器J2)。同样在这种情况下，当ATS4的温度足够时，预计会激活第二喷射器。
同样在这种情况下，有利的是：当ATS4部件完全有效时停用第一喷射器，以便有利于通过NO2使SCRoF过滤器中的碳残留物自发再生。
这意味着可以预见两个喷射器同时操作的条件。
因此，尿素基还原剂的第一喷射器J被配置为在冷启动时激活并且保持激活直到第四设备ATS4的温度低于第一预定温度阈值，并且其中，尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器J2被配置为当第四设备ATS4的温度超过低于第一温度阈值的第二预定温度阈值时激活。
所描述的非限制性示例的实施方式变型是可能的，然而并不脱离本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围包括本领域技术人员对权利要求内容的的所有等效实施例。
根据以上描述，本领域技术人员能够在不引入另外的结构细节的情况下实现本发明的目标。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于减排由内燃发动机产生的污染物的设备(ATS1)，包括：外壳(CN)，DOC和所述DOC的旁路管道(BP)被容纳在所述外壳中以限定用于穿过所述设备的废气的分叉，使得废气的第一流(F1)旨在通过所述DOC，并且废气的第二流(F2)旨在绕过所述DOC；尿素基还原剂的喷射器(J)，所述尿素基还原剂的喷射器(J)被布置在所述分叉处或紧接所述分叉下游的地方以用于将尿素基还原剂喷射至所述第二流(F2)中；以及电加热器(H)，所述电加热器相对于所述旁路管道环形布置并且被配置为加热所述旁路管道并被所述第一流(F1)通过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，所述设备根据发展轴线(X)限定旋转固体，并且其中，所述旁路管道被设置成与所述外壳间隔开，并且优选地布置在与所述发展轴线同轴的位置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，还包括所述废气的入口管道(IN)，所述入口管道(IN)被布置成相对于由所述旁路管道标识的方向以入射方式引入所述废气，并且其中，所述尿素基还原剂的喷射器(J)相对于所述旁路管道在所述分叉处同轴地布置。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其中，所述电加热器(H)被配置成主要加热所述旁路管道，而其次加热所述第一废气流。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的设备，其中，根据所述加热器的横截面，所述电加热器包括直的且径向的翅片或折叠的翅片，每个折叠的翅片呈S形，或者所述电加热器限定基质。
6.一种废气后处理系统(ATS)，包括根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的减排设备，所述减排设备被布置以便使所述废气遇到第一减排设备。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，还包括：
第二减排设备(ATS2)，所述第二减排设备紧接地放置在所述第一减排设备的下游并且包括SCR和CUC；以及
第三减排设备(ATS3)，所述三减排设备紧接地放置在所述第二减排设备的下游并且包括DOC和DPF。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，还包括：
第四减排设备(ATS4)，所述第四减排设备布置在所述第三减排设备(ATS3)的下游，并且包括紧接地布置在所述第四设备(ATS4)的上游的尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器(J2)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的系统，还包括：
第二减排设备(ATS23)，所述第二减排设备紧接地布置在所述第一减排设备的下游并且包括SCRoF(过滤器上的SCR)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，还包括：
第四减排设备(ATS4)，所述第四减排设备布置在所述第二减排设备(ATS23)的下游，并且包括紧接地布置在所述第四设备(ATS4)的上游的尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器(J2)。
11.根据权利要求8或10中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述第一尿素基还原剂喷射器(J)被配置成在冷启动时被激活，并且只要所述第四设备(ATS4)的温度低于第一预定温度阈值就保持激活，并且其中，所述尿素基还原剂的第二喷射器(J2)被配置成当所述第四设备(ATS4)的温度超过低于所述第一温度阈值的第二预定温度阈值时被激活。
12.一种推进系统，包括柴油内燃发动机(E)，所述柴油内燃发动机(E)包括根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的污染物减排设备或包括根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的污染物减排系统，所述污染物减排设备或所述污染物减排系统可操作地连接到所述柴油内燃发动机的废气歧管(OP)。
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DE102018120195A1 (de) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE102019107384A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasheizelement
CN110206621B (zh) * 2019-05-29 2022-01-11 一汽解放汽车有限公司 一种宽温度窗口的高效柴油机后处理装置及其控制方法

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WO2022219458A1 (en) 2022-10-20
US11867108B1 (en) 2024-01-09

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