CN117004790A - Method for preheating scrap steel in converter - Google Patents
Method for preheating scrap steel in converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117004790A CN117004790A CN202210467255.3A CN202210467255A CN117004790A CN 117004790 A CN117004790 A CN 117004790A CN 202210467255 A CN202210467255 A CN 202210467255A CN 117004790 A CN117004790 A CN 117004790A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- scrap steel
- coke
- steel
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preheating scrap steel in a converter, which mainly solves the technical problems of insufficient converter heat and corrosion of a converter molten pool and a converter bottom in the prior art when a converter adopts a large scrap steel ratio for smelting. The technical proposal is that the method for preheating the scrap steel in the converter comprises the following steps: 1) After tapping of the converter is finished, slag pouring, slag splashing and furnace protection are sequentially carried out, and the slag remaining amount is controlled to be 15% -25% of the total amount of the end slag of the converter; 2) Adding scrap steel and light burned dolomite into the converter in sequence, and adding the scrap steel into the converter after slag splashing is finished; then adding light-burned dolomite into the converter for bedding, wherein the addition amount of the light-burned dolomite is 5-8 kg/ton of steel; 3) Adding coke into the converter, blowing oxygen to preheat the scrap steel; 4) Smelting molten steel by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, and tapping after the converter smelting is finished. The method reduces the preheating cost of the scrap steel and ensures the safety and stability of the converter converting process under the large scrap steel ratio process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preheating scrap steel, in particular to a method for preheating scrap steel in a converter, and belongs to the technical field of steel smelting and continuous casting.
Background
When a converter adopts a large scrap ratio process for steelmaking, the problem of insufficient heat of the converter exists, and some enterprises adopt a method of adding coke and ferrosilicon in the converter smelting process for temperature raising; some enterprises preheat scrap steel outside the converter, and add the preheated scrap steel into the converter.
When the ferrosilicon is used for heating, the converter increases the lime consumption, the converter slag making amount is increased, and the ferrosilicon has high price, so that the steelmaking cost is influenced.
When the coke is used for heating, when the coke is used for heating in the smelting process, slag is easy to be returned to dry in the blowing process, namely, the slag is sticky in the process, so that molten steel is high in nitrogen and more in sulfur increase, and the quality control of the molten steel is affected.
The steel scraps are preheated outside the converter, so that the heat loss of the preheated steel scraps is high, and the heat dissipation of the steel scraps is high mainly by conveying the steel scraps through the steel scraps grooves, so that the heat utilization rate is low, and the steelmaking cost is increased.
In the prior art, the technical problems of insufficient heat of the converter and corrosion of a molten pool and a furnace bottom of the converter when the converter adopts a large scrap ratio for smelting cannot be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preheating scrap steel in a converter, which mainly solves the technical problems of insufficient heat of the converter and corrosion of a converter molten pool and a converter bottom when the converter adopts a large scrap steel ratio for smelting in the prior art.
The technical idea of the invention is that after the slag splashing of the converter is finished, scrap steel is added to shake the converter, and lime is added to shake the bottom of the converter, so that the scrap steel is convenient to spread on the bottom of the converter; and adding coke to bake scrap steel, and lifting a gun after the coke is basically burnt, so as to mix molten iron and steel.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for preheating the scrap steel in the converter comprises the following steps:
1) After tapping of the converter is finished, slag pouring, slag splashing and furnace protection are sequentially carried out, and the slag remaining amount is controlled to be 15% -25% of the total amount of the end slag of the converter;
2) Adding scrap steel and light burned dolomite into a converter in sequence, adding the scrap steel into the converter after slag splashing is finished, and shaking the converter for 1-3 times forwards and backwards, wherein the shaking angle is larger than 50 degrees; then adding light burned dolomite into the converter to pad the bottom, and shaking the converter for 1-3 times, wherein the shaking angle is larger than 50 DEG, and the addition amount of the light burned dolomite is 5-8 kg/ton of steel;
3) Adding coke and oxygen injection gas into a converter to preheat scrap steel, adding the coke into the converter for 2 times, wherein the time interval between the 2 coke additions is 0.5-1.0 min, the first coke addition amount is 5.3-6.7 kg/ton steel, and the oxygen supply strength is 20-23.3Nm when the oxygen injection amount is 0-30% of the total oxygen amount 3 /(min.t), the lance position of the oxygen lance is H 0 +(1.6～2.0)，H 0 The height of the molten pool surface in the converter is in meters; the addition amount of the secondary coke is 3.3-6.0 kg/ton steel, the total oxygen amount multiplied by 30% < oxygen blowing amount less than or equal to the total oxygen amount, and the oxygen supply strength is 53.3-66.7 Nm 3 /(min.t), the lance position of the oxygen lance is H 0 +(2.0～3.0)，H 0 The height of the molten pool surface in the converter is in meters; when the oxygen blowing amount is the total oxygen amount, stopping blowing oxygen into the converter; the total oxygen is calculated according to a formula I, N=G×870×85%/Q is formula I, wherein N is the total oxygen, and the unit is Nm 3 G is the total mass of coke added into the converter, Q is the mass percent of C in the coke, and the unit is;
4) Smelting molten steel by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, and adding molten iron in a ladle into the converter, wherein the mass of metal materials in the converter is (1.1-1.2) multiplied by the nominal capacity of the converter, and the unit is ton; the converter metal material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80% of molten iron and 20-30% of scrap steel; adding smelting auxiliary materials containing MgO in the converter smelting process, controlling the mass percentage of MgO in the end slag of the converter to be 8.0% -12.0%, and tapping after the converter smelting is finished.
Repeating the steps of the invention, and starting the preheating of the scrap steel and the smelting of molten steel in the next converter.
Further, in step 3), the total mass of coke added into the converter is calculated according to a formula II, wherein G=W×0.174×85% ×12%/(Q×Z) formula II, and G is the total mass of coke added into the converter in tons; w is the mass of scrap steel added into the converter, and the unit is ton; q is the mass percentage content of C in coke, and the unit is; z is the mass percentage of scrap steel in the converter metal material, and the unit is percent.
Further, the time interval from the end of slag splashing of the converter to the beginning of scrap steel preheating in the converter is less than 15 minutes; the time interval from the end of preheating the scrap steel in the converter to the start of smelting molten steel in the converter is less than 10 minutes.
The coke comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c is more than or equal to 75%, S is less than or equal to 0.5%, H 2 O≤8％。
The light burned dolomite chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: mgO is more than or equal to 19%, caO is more than or equal to 30%, H 2 O≤3％。
The method of the invention is based on the following studies by the applicant:
the applicant finds that when the smelting rhythm of the converter is more surplus, the heat dissipation loss of the converter is caused due to long waiting time of the converter, and in addition, the heat loss exists in the waste steel preheated outside the converter, and the waste steel can be preheated by utilizing the heat of the converter on the one hand and the waste steel can be preheated by utilizing the heat generated by burning coke on the other hand, so that the heat loss of the converter is reduced, and the utilization of heat energy is improved.
However, when the existing scrap steel preheating technology is adopted, no molten steel is blown into the converter, and the influence on the converter lining, particularly on the converter molten pool and the converter bottom part is inevitably generated, so that the MgO content in slag needs to be rapidly increased in the early stage of smelting after preheating. After the scrap steel is added, the light burned dolomite is added to be beneficial to filling gaps among the scrap steel, avoiding the entry of coke and being beneficial to burning the coke.
Theoretical research shows that when the coke content is 75%, when 1 ton of scrap steel is heated to 500-600 ℃, the required coke content is about 0.174 ton, the coke content in the actual use process is fluctuated, the utilization rate of preheated coke in the furnace is higher than that in the smelting process, and the proper adding amount of the coke is determined by combining a large amount of data in the theoretical and implementation processes, so that the excessive or the too-small adding is avoided to influence the temperature rising of the scrap steel. And meanwhile, the oxygen blowing amount is determined according to the added coke amount, so that excessive or insufficient oxygen blowing is avoided, the full combustion of the coke is facilitated, and the stability of the smelting process is facilitated.
The total oxygen amount of the invention is calculated according to a formula I, N=G×870×85%/Q formula I, wherein N is the total oxygen amount, and the unit is Nm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the G is the total mass of coke added into the converter, per ton; q is the mass percentage content of C in coke, and the unit is; ensures the full combustion of the coke, prevents the erosion of the unburned coke to the molten pool and the bottom of the converter, realizes the most economical oxygen supply and avoids the waste of oxygen.
The total mass of coke added into the converter is calculated according to a formula II, wherein G=W×0.174×85% ×12%/(Q×Z) formula II, and G is the total mass of coke added into the converter in unit ton; w is the mass of scrap steel added into the converter, and the unit is ton; q is the mass percentage content of C in coke, and the unit is; z is the mass percent of scrap steel in the converter metal material, the unit is that the heat requirement of the scrap steel for heating to 500-600 ℃ is met, and the Z is the most economical coke control parameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the method reduces the heating and temperature raising dosage in the converter converting process or does not heat the temperature raising agent in the converting process, thereby reducing the oxygen converting time of the converter, reducing the metal loss in the converter converting process and reducing the scrap steel preheating cost. 2. The invention solves the problem of insufficient heat in the smelting process of the converter with large scrap ratio, thereby reducing the problem of low-temperature splashing in the converting process of the converter and ensuring the safety and stability of the converting process of the converter with large scrap ratio. 3. The invention solves the defect that the preheating of the scrap steel in the converter affects the molten pool and the converter bottom of the converter, and is beneficial to the smooth implementation of the preheating of the scrap steel in the converter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples 1 to 8.
Examples 1 to 8 used a 150 ton top-bottom combined blown converter for preheating the scrap in the furnace. The control parameters of the molten steel production according to the examples of the present invention are shown in tables 1 to 6.
Table 1 the coke compositions of the examples of the invention are given in units: wt%.
| Composition of the components | C | S | H 2 O |
| Example 1 | 78.32 | 0.532 | 6.32 |
| Example 2 | 75.56 | 0.467 | 5.36 |
| Example 3 | 80.26 | 0.432 | 7.98 |
| Example 4 | 85.36 | 0.357 | 4.26 |
| Example 5 | 87.27 | 0.236 | 3.78 |
| Example 6 | 76.89 | 0.236 | 4.23 |
| Example 7 | 88.36 | 0.355 | 4.86 |
| Example 8 | 82.26 | 0.378 | 3.26 |
TABLE 2 parameters of underlayment light burned dolomite and scrap steel of the invention
Table 3 the invention implements the light burned dolomite component in units of: wt%.
| Composition of the components | MgO | CaO | H 2 O |
| Example 1 | 19.2 | 31.23 | 1.57 |
| Example 2 | 20.16 | 30.16 | 1.36 |
| Example 3 | 21.26 | 32.37 | 2.43 |
| Example 4 | 20.38 | 30.89 | 2.27 |
| Example 5 | 21.08 | 30.97 | 1.89 |
| Example 6 | 22.15 | 31.96 | 2.76 |
| Example 7 | 20.17 | 30.76 | 1.98 |
| Example 8 | 19.86 | 30.65 | 1.23 |
TABLE 4 Process time parameters for embodiments of the invention
TABLE 5 Coke and oxygen supply parameters according to the examples of the invention
TABLE 6 converter endpoint slag and in-converter bath and furnace bottom parameters according to an embodiment of the invention
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preheating scrap steel in a converter, the method comprising the steps of:
1) After tapping of the converter is finished, slag pouring, slag splashing and furnace protection are sequentially carried out, and the slag remaining amount is controlled to be 15% -25% of the total amount of the end slag of the converter;
2) Adding scrap steel and light burned dolomite into a converter in sequence, adding the scrap steel into the converter after slag splashing is finished, and shaking the converter for 1-3 times forwards and backwards, wherein the shaking angle is larger than 50 degrees; then adding light burned dolomite into the converter to pad the bottom, and shaking the converter for 1-3 times, wherein the shaking angle is larger than 50 DEG, and the addition amount of the light burned dolomite is 5-8 kg/ton of steel;
3) Adding coke into the converter, injecting oxygen gas to preheat the scrap steel, adding the coke into the converter for 2 times, and adding the coke for 2 timesThe time interval between the two is 0.5 to 1.0 minute, the adding amount of the first coke is 5.3 to 6.7 kg/ton of steel, and when the oxygen blowing amount is 0 to 30 percent of the total oxygen amount, the oxygen supply intensity is 20 to 23.3Nm 3 /(min.t), the lance position of the oxygen lance is H 0 +(1.6～2.0)，H 0 The height of the molten pool surface in the converter is in meters; the addition amount of the secondary coke is 3.3-6.0 kg/ton steel, the total oxygen amount multiplied by 30% < oxygen blowing amount less than or equal to the total oxygen amount, and the oxygen supply strength is 53.3-66.7 Nm 3 /(min.t), the lance position of the oxygen lance is H 0 +(2.0～3.0)，H 0 The height of the molten pool surface in the converter is in meters; when the oxygen blowing amount is the total oxygen amount, stopping blowing oxygen into the converter; the total oxygen is calculated according to a formula I, N=G×870×85%/Q is formula I, wherein N is the total oxygen, and the unit is Nm 3 G is the total mass of coke added into the converter, Q is the mass percent of C in the coke, and the unit is;
4) Smelting molten steel by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, and adding molten iron in a ladle into the converter, wherein the mass of metal materials in the converter is (1.1-1.2) multiplied by the nominal capacity of the converter, and the unit is ton; the converter metal material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80% of molten iron and 20-30% of scrap steel; adding smelting auxiliary materials containing MgO in the converter smelting process, controlling the mass percentage of MgO in the end slag of the converter to be 8.0% -12.0%, and tapping after the converter smelting is finished.
2. The method for preheating scrap steel in a converter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the total mass of coke added to the converter is calculated according to formula two, wherein g=w×0.174×85% ×12%/(q×z) formula two, and wherein G is the total mass of coke added to the converter per ton; w is the mass of scrap steel added into the converter, and the unit is ton; q is the mass percentage content of C in coke, and the unit is; z is the mass percentage of scrap steel in the converter metal material, and the unit is percent.
3. The method for preheating scrap steel in a converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coke comprises the chemical components in percentage by weight: c is more than or equal to 75%, S is less than or equal to 0.5%, H 2 O≤8％。
4. The method for preheating scrap steel in a converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of the light burned dolomite chemical components is as follows: mgO is more than or equal to 19%, caO is more than or equal to 30%, H 2 O≤3％。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210467255.3A CN117004790A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Method for preheating scrap steel in converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210467255.3A CN117004790A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Method for preheating scrap steel in converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117004790A true CN117004790A (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Family
ID=88565929
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210467255.3A Pending CN117004790A (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Method for preheating scrap steel in converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117004790A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-04-29 CN CN202210467255.3A patent/CN117004790A/en active Pending
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