CN102094103B - Method for increasing endpoint carbon content of converter - Google Patents
Method for increasing endpoint carbon content of converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102094103B CN102094103B CN 201110005472 CN201110005472A CN102094103B CN 102094103 B CN102094103 B CN 102094103B CN 201110005472 CN201110005472 CN 201110005472 CN 201110005472 A CN201110005472 A CN 201110005472A CN 102094103 B CN102094103 B CN 102094103B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the endpoint carbon content of the converter. The method comprises the following steps: adding steel scraps in the molten iron of a converter, then adding slag while controlling the initial basicity of slag to 2.5-3 and controlling the heating speed of the process; supplying oxygen, converting to control the phosphorus content of molten iron to less than 0.025%; and performing catch carbon while controlling the catch carbon temperature to 1620-1660 DEG C, controlling the carbon content of molten iron to 0.2%-0.4% and controlling the adding time of all the auxiliary materials to be less than 3min, wherein when a dephosphorization oxygen lance is used to supply oxygen, and the dephosphorization oxygen lance is 1.2m-1.6m above the liquid level of a molten bath in the converter during the preset time before catch carbon. The method of the invention adopts an compact production organization model, thus the number of reblowings can be reduced and the heat of the converter can be effectively utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of steel-making, specifically, relate to the terminal point control of converter steelmaking, promptly a kind of method that improves the converter terminal carbon content.
Background technology
The control of steel-making terminal point is the important operation of bessemerizing latter stage; Because in converting process always as much as possible in advance with phosphorus, the removal of sulphur desired scope of breasting the tape; For liquid steel temperature control, the control of converter terminal carbon is particularly important, and difficulty is bigger; Can influence the operation of whole converter steelmaking process, so the main contents of the terminal point of converter control are end point carbon control and liquid steel temperature control.
At present, oxygen coverter often adopts " high catch carbon " operation smelting high carbon steel.So-called " catch carbon " is meant and when blowing, judges and reached terminal point and stop oxygen blast, because in the containing in the carbon range of medium high carbon steel grade, decarbonization rate is very fast, it is not too easy once to differentiate terminal point, so adopt the way of high catch carbon.Adopt " high catch carbon " method to produce high carbon steel, be because the sulphur content of used molten iron between 0.02%～0.03% and phosphorus content between 0.048%～0.080%, with such molten iron-steelmaking, sulphur and phosphorus content almost need not be considered in the finished product.Therefore, the advantage that adopts " high catch carbon " method is that finishing slag TFe (full iron) content is low, and the molten steel oxygen activity is low, metal, yield of alloy height, and shortcoming is that the endpoint carbon content hit rate is low, and the dephosphorization difficulty, palpus waits composition to determine whether and need re-blow usually.
In addition, also can adopt height to draw to re-blow terminal point [C] control of method control converter.The advantage of this method is that phosphorus (P) content that can make terminal point is very low, and composition control is also more stable.Yet, adopt high [O] content that draws in the molten steel that the method for re-blowing obtains higher, bigger to the steel quality influence, and also it is also higher to eliminate cost.
Therefore, the end-point control method of present converter steelmaking all can not be controlled the carbon content of terminal point and the content of other compositions very effectively, so need badly the method for existing converter terminal [C] control is improved, to improve [C] content of converter terminal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that improves converter carbon endpoint carbon content, thereby improve steel quality.
The invention provides a kind of method that improves the converter terminal carbon content, said method comprising the steps of: molten iron in converter adds steel scrap, adds slag charge then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 2.5～3, simultaneously the control process heat-up rate; Oxygen supply, and blow, so that the phosphorus content in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 0.025%; Catch carbon; The catch carbon temperature is controlled at 1620 ℃～1660 ℃; And control during catch carbon the carbon content in the molten steel be 0.2%～0.4%, control all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, add in the 3min, wherein; In the step of oxygen supply, in the scheduled time before catch carbon the rifle position of dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on that the liquid level in molten bath is the distance of 1.2m～1.6m in the converter.
According to the present invention, the step that the molten iron in converter adds slag charge comprises: the input amount of control initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, and remaining slag charge joins in the molten iron with a small amount of many batches mode.Said slag charge can be in quickened lime, high magnesium lime, composite fluxing medium and the sludge ball at least a.
According to the present invention, in said catch carbon step, can also decide the operation of confirming to re-blow of carbon amount according to sublance TSC.
According to the present invention, before the molten iron in converter adds steel scrap, in molten iron, add temperature raising agent, to reach the purpose of temperature raising.Said temperature raising agent can be blacking.
According to the present invention, can adopt dephosphorization oxygen rifle to carry out the step of oxygen supply.
Owing to adopted temperature compensation and optimization steel scrap consumption to realize, adopted compact production organization mode according to converter control method of the present invention simultaneously, thus the number of times of re-blowing can be reduced, thus guarantee that the converter heat is effectively utilized.
Embodiment
In the present invention, if no special instructions, the content of each element is quality percentage composition (wt%) in molten iron/molten steel.
When the high catch carbon method of existing employing is controlled the carbon content of medium and high carbon steel steel grade; Exist the problem that carbon content is low, oxygen activity is high, temperature is high and phosphorus content is high of terminal point control; Because oxygen level is high; Cause alloy and deoxidation material consumption bigger, and cause oxide inclusion to increase, thereby influence the quality of medium and high carbon steel; Yet, if improve the converter terminal carbon content through reducing oxygen level, the end phosphorus content instability can appear, tapping temperature is difficult to satisfy back step rhythm of production and processing requirement.Specifically, when the terminal point C content≤0.20% of tapping, the P content in the steel has 97.7% can satisfy the steel grade needs approximately, and when the terminal point C content of tapping＞0.20%, the P content in the steel has only 75% can satisfy the steel grade needs; The oxygen supply intensity of converter is big, and the carburetting heat-up rate is fast, and time dephosphorization phase is short, and making can not balanced C content and P content of tapping.
Endpoint carbon content when controlling converter smelting high carbon steel effectively; The present invention is through temperature compensation and optimization steel scrap consumption; Implement compact production organization mode, adopt the high catch carbon method of having improved to reach the method that improves terminal point [C], thereby reach the purpose that improves steel quality.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that high catch carbon is for the carbon content in the molten steel [C] being pulled down to a very low catch carbon method.High catch carbon method is meant that converter smelting arrives to a certain degree with regard to catch carbon; Content through [C] in the molten steel in sublance detection or the artificial experience judgement converter; Re-blow once more terminal point [C] is accurately controlled within the specific limits; Thereby avoid [C] moved to very low phenomenon, reach and protect the purpose that carbon reduces [O] in the molten steel.In the present invention, the steel grade that is suitable for for high catch carbon method is a medium and high carbon steel, and promptly [C] >=0.20wt%, P content are greater than the steel the declared steel grade of 0.025wt%.
To the method for the carbon content of raising converter terminal of the present invention be described in detail below.
According to the present invention, the method that improves the carbon content of converter terminal may further comprise the steps:
(1) molten iron in converter adds steel scrap, adds slag charge then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 2.5～3, simultaneously the control process heat-up rate;
(2) oxygen supply, and blow, so that the phosphorus content in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 0.025%;
(3) catch carbon, catch carbon temperature are controlled at 1620 ℃～1660 ℃, and control during catch carbon the carbon content in the molten steel be 0.2%～0.4%, control all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, add in the 3min.
Usually, when adopting high catch carbon method to control the converter terminal carbon content, only control converter finishing slag basicity, and the basicity of slag of initial stage slag charge is not controlled.Yet in the method for raising converter terminal of the present invention [C], the input amount of control initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, and so that the initial stage basicity of slag is controlled to be 2.5～3, remaining slag charge joins in the molten iron with a small amount of many batches mode.Here, basicity is meant CaO and the SiO in the slag
2The ratio of content, i.e. CaO/SiO
2, the initial stage basicity of slag is controlled in 2.5～3 the scope the most favourablely to the formation of first slag, and it is most effective to take off P.If basicity is greater than 3, then to the difficulty that is formed with of first slag; If less than 2.5, then reaching, basicity do not take off the P effect.
In one embodiment of the invention, after first batch of material (slag making material) added, second batch of material can repeatedly add, but was no more than 500Kg each the adding, and all auxiliary materials must add in the 3min before catch carbon.Here, auxiliary material is slag making material (being also referred to as " slag charge ") just, comprises at least a in quickened lime, high magnesium lime, composite fluxing medium and the sludge ball etc.Here, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that composite fluxing medium is this area composite fluxing medium commonly used, its staple is SiO usually
2, in order to increase the FeO content in the first slag, can also in composite fluxing medium, add a certain amount of FeO, early form thereby help first slag; Sludge ball also is this area a kind of auxiliary material commonly used, and its major ingredient is FeO, is used for increasing the first slag oxidisability, helps slagging and takes off P.If 3min adds auxiliary material later on before catch carbon, then just do not have sufficient fusing time, do not have due effect, and cause slagization do not pass through, agglomerating, thereby influence the temperature in molten bath, the homogeneity of composition, bring misleading to operation, be prone to quality accident.
In addition, in the present invention, the situation for half steel is smelted can add temperature raising agent in molten iron before the molten iron in converter adds steel scrap.Specifically, sampling after in converter, adding molten iron, thermometric, operator can decide the amount that adds temperature raising agent according to the steel scrap amount of going into stove situation and adding., it is pointed out that so-called half steel smelting is meant molten iron through processing such as vanadium extractions here, Si is a vestige in the molten iron, and carbon low temperature is high, in smelting process, needs to add acid material.According to the present invention, temperature raising agent can be for blackings such as class graphite, because smelt for half steel; Temperature condition is relatively poor; When the carbon content of half steel and temperature are lower than certain value, can not guarantee to improve the carbon content of converter terminal, thereby must add a certain amount of temperature raising agent and make thermal source and replenish.The add-on of temperature raising agent can be decided according to practical situation, makes the carbon in molten iron, infiltrate increase, and through prolonging duration of blast, thereby reaches the purpose of temperature raising.
In the method for raising converter terminal of the present invention [C], oxygen supply behind the adding steel scrap in molten iron, blowing.In the present invention, can adopt existing various oxygen rifle to blow, to stir molten bath in the converter stove fully.In a preferred embodiment of the invention; Can adopt dephosphorization oxygen rifle to carry out oxygen supply; Thereby more effectively reduce reaction between carbon and oxygen speed and molten bath heat-up rate, improve slag oxidation property, for dephosphorisation reaction provides The optimum reaction conditions; Prolong the dephosphorisation reaction time, reach the effect of bessemerizing abundant dephosphorization in early stage thus.
In the method for the invention; The oxygen rifle is in the oxygen rifle operating process of oxygen supply; Guaranteeing under the situation of not splash; It is active to guarantee the process slag suitably to improve the rifle position, before the catch carbon in the scheduled time (for example, less than 8min) oxygen lance position is arranged on the liquid level in molten bath is the scope (being preferably 1.5m) of 1.2m～1.6m in the converter.According to the design characteristics of dephosphorization oxygen rifle, when the rifle head with dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on 1.2m～1.6m, to the stirring fullest in molten bath in the converter stove.The rifle head of dephosphorization oxygen rifle being arranged on the distance that 1.2m～1.6m is meant oxygen lance blow head end face distance bath surface here, is 1.2m～1.6m.If oxygen rifle rifle head is lower than 1.2m, then can not guarantee the fusing that slag is good; If oxygen rifle rifle head height then is prone to cause the splash phenomenon in 1.6m.
In addition, in the method for control endpoint carbon content of the present invention, can also the control process heat-up rate.Specifically, can control with process rifle position,, improve the rifle position, reduce the C-O speed of response, so also just reduce heat-up rate if molten iron temperature higher (for example, greater than 1360 ℃) then can add the slag charge cooling through reinforced; If molten iron temperature is on the low side (for example, less than 1300 ℃), then can add temperature raising agent and heat up, reduce the rifle position, improve the C-O speed of response, heat-up rate has so also just raise.Those skilled in the art can control heat-up rate according to prior art, thereby guarantee that heat-up rate can not be too fast, take off the P time with prolongation.The temperature of molten iron can be confirmed by those skilled in the art according to the smelting steel grade of reality in the converter smelting.
In addition, in the present invention, control worker intensifies process operation in also requiring avoids slag " to return dried " or the generation of splash phenomenon; Every stove is carried out and is stayed slag operation, is beneficial to the initial stage slag and forms, and guarantees to come slag time≤4 minute.Here, process operation is meant that the steel-making operative employee is smelting the entire operation process of one heat steel, comprises the operation of oxygen rifle, and reinforced operation is returned dried, splash etc. with prevention.For coming the slag time, the slag charge that converter adds all is solids, need be molten into liquid and could participate in the steel-making reaction, and so, beginning to blow from converter adds slag charge to melting the good steel-making first slag of formation fully, is called " coming the slag time " during this period of time.
In addition, in the method for the invention, catch carbon is pressed molten steel [C] and between 0.2%～0.4%, is controlled, and decides the operation of confirming to re-blow of carbon amount for new converter according to sublance TSC (Temperature/Sample/Carbon), and the catch carbon temperature is controlled at 1620 ℃～1660 ℃.Specifically; All converters all have certain decarbonization rate, and when bessemerizing the certain period, the operative employee goes out the carbon content in the molten bath through sublance TSC probe measurement; Just duration of blast can be calculated according to decarbonization rate again, converter terminal carbon can be accurately controlled like this.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the carbon content that then can guarantee converter terminal is between 0.1%～0.2% if when catch carbon, the C content in the molten steel (, [C]) is controlled between 0.2%～0.4%.
To combine concrete embodiment to come to explain in more detail the present invention below.
Embodiment 1
Smelt the U75V Properties of Heavy Rail Steel By, the molten iron in converter (contains 3.6%～4.0%C and 0.060%～0.100%P) and adds steel scrap, add active lime, high magnesium lime, composite fluxing medium and sludge ball then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 2.5.The input amount of initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, simultaneously the control process heat-up rate.Then, adopt the oxygen supply of dephosphorization oxygen rifle, the rifle position of dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.2～1.6m in molten bath in the converter; Propose the rifle slagging of falling the stove in the 8min; Transfer normal oxygen rifle then to and blow to catch carbon, before catch carbon in the 3min, the rifle position of oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.5m in molten bath in the converter; Control catch carbon temperature is 1640 ℃, controls all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, adds in the 3min.The content of each element is shown in following table 1 in molten steel when molten steel during catch carbon and tapping.
Embodiment 2
Smelt the U71Mn Properties of Heavy Rail Steel By, the molten iron in converter (contains 3.2%～3.6%C and 0.060～0.100%P) and adds steel scrap, add quickened lime, high magnesium lime and composite fluxing medium then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 3.The input amount of initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, adds hard coal temperature raising agent control process heat-up rate simultaneously.Then, adopt the oxygen supply of dephosphorization oxygen rifle, the rifle position of dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.2m～1.6m in molten bath in the converter; Propose the rifle slagging of falling the stove in the 8min; Transfer normal oxygen rifle then to and blow to catch carbon, before catch carbon in the 3min, the rifle position of oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.5m in molten bath in the converter; Control catch carbon temperature is 1660 ℃, controls all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, adds in the 3min.The content of each element is shown in following table 1 in molten steel when molten steel during catch carbon and tapping.
Embodiment 3
Smelt the U75V Properties of Heavy Rail Steel By, the molten iron in converter) add steel scrap, add active lime, high magnesium lime and composite fluxing medium then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 2.8.The input amount of initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, simultaneously the control process heat-up rate.Then, adopt the oxygen supply of dephosphorization oxygen rifle, the rifle position of dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.2～1.6m in molten bath in the converter; Propose the rifle slagging of falling the stove in the 5min; Transfer normal oxygen rifle then to and blow to catch carbon, before catch carbon in the 3min, the rifle position of oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.5m in molten bath in the converter.Control catch carbon temperature is 1620 ℃, controls all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, adds in the 3min.The content of each element is shown in following table 1 in molten steel when molten steel during catch carbon and tapping.
Comparative Examples
Smelt the U75V Properties of Heavy Rail Steel By, the molten iron in converter (contains 3.6%～4.0%C and 0.060～0.100%P) and adds slag charge, add steel scrap, add active lime, high magnesium lime and composite fluxing medium then.Use the blowing of normal oxygen rifle, before catch carbon in the 3min, the rifle position of oxygen rifle is arranged on the liquid level 1.1m in molten bath in the converter.Control catch carbon temperature is 1660 ℃, controls all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, adds in the 3min.The content of each element is shown in following table 1 in molten steel when molten steel during catch carbon and tapping.
Table 1 is the content (wt%) of each element in the molten steel during with tapping during with the catch carbon of prior art according to the present invention
Can be found out that by top table 1 adopt the Comparative Examples of existing " high catch carbon method ", high carbon steel catch carbon P content can not be effectively controlled, if make P content reach claimed range, endpoint carbon content just can not be improved so; By comparison, according to embodiments of the invention 1 to embodiment 3, can be in P content in when tapping control molten steel effectively, the steel that the C content of must breasting the tape has improved.
Therefore, according to the present invention, through improving medium and high carbon steel converter terminal [C] content; Alloy (Si, Mn etc.) yield, carburelant yield all are improved, and have reduced molten steel oxidation property, make slab quality be improved; Reduce iron and steel stock consumption, thereby greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Therefore, the converter terminal control method of prior art adopts loose production organization mode, causes the system serious heat loss easily; Yet, owing to adopted temperature compensation and optimization steel scrap consumption to realize, adopted compact production organization mode simultaneously according to converter control method of the present invention; Shortened the duration of pouring of tapping; Reduced temperature losses of the process, thus the number of times of re-blowing can be reduced, thus guarantee that the converter heat is effectively utilized.
In the present invention, according to going into fire bars spare and steel grade, the adjustment slagging regime is stablized the converting process operation, guarantees that reaction between carbon and oxygen is abundant; Adopt few slag steel-making simultaneously, reduce the calorific loss that the big quantity of slag is taken away as far as possible.Because the raising of tapping carbon, converter terminal phosphorus also slightly improves, thereby can guarantee that the terminal point composition is qualified.
The invention is not restricted to the foregoing description, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various variants and modifications embodiments of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. method that improves the converter terminal carbon content is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of: the molten iron in converter adds steel scrap, adds slag charge then, the basicity of slag at initial stage is controlled to be 2.5～3, simultaneously the control process heat-up rate;
Oxygen supply, and blow, so that the phosphorus content in the molten steel is controlled to be less than 0.025%;
Catch carbon, catch carbon temperature are controlled at 1620 ℃～1660 ℃, and control during catch carbon the carbon content in the molten steel be 0.2%～0.4%, control all auxiliary materials and before catch carbon, add in the 3min,
Wherein, in the step of oxygen supply, in the scheduled time before catch carbon the rifle position of dephosphorization oxygen rifle is arranged on that the liquid level in molten bath is the distance of 1.2m～1.6m in the converter.
2. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 1; The step that it is characterized in that the molten iron adding slag charge in converter comprises: the input amount of control initial stage slag charge is 2/3 of total slag charge input amount, and remaining slag charge joins in the molten iron with a small amount of many batches mode.
3. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that said slag charge is at least a in quickened lime, high magnesium lime, composite fluxing medium and the sludge ball.
4. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in said catch carbon step, also decides the operation of confirming to re-blow of carbon amount according to sublance TSC.
5. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that before the molten iron in converter adds steel scrap, in molten iron, adding temperature raising agent, to reach the purpose of temperature raising.
6. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that said temperature raising agent is a blacking.
7. the method for raising converter terminal carbon content as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that adopting dephosphorization oxygen rifle to carry out the step of said oxygen supply.
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| CN 201110005472 CN102094103B (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2011-01-12 | Method for increasing endpoint carbon content of converter |
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| CN102925616B (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2014-10-01 | 攀钢集团有限公司 | Smelting method of vanadium-containing molten iron |
| CN103642971B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-11-04 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Improve method and the Semi-steel making method of semi-steel making endpoint carbon content |
| CN113652514A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-16 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Converter blowing-supplementing steelmaking method capable of protecting carbon and removing phosphorus |
| CN115466812B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-08-18 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting two tanks of different steel grades simultaneously by one converter |
| CN115558737B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2024-03-19 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Secondary combustion oxygen lance converting process capable of effectively reducing TFe content of final slag of converter |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101363068A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2009-02-11 | 首钢总公司 | Smelting method of low-phosphorus steel |
| CN101550475A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-07 | 首钢总公司 | Method for producing ultra-low-carbon steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101363068A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2009-02-11 | 首钢总公司 | Smelting method of low-phosphorus steel |
| CN101550475A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-07 | 首钢总公司 | Method for producing ultra-low-carbon steel |
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