CN116998612A - Rumen bypass nicotinic acid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rumen bypass nicotinic acid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116998612A CN116998612A CN202311003194.6A CN202311003194A CN116998612A CN 116998612 A CN116998612 A CN 116998612A CN 202311003194 A CN202311003194 A CN 202311003194A CN 116998612 A CN116998612 A CN 116998612A
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- nicotinic acid
- rumen
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- konjak glucomannan
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- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims description 42
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001312219 Amorphophallus konjac Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 fatty acid calcium salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002163 hydrogen peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010836 blood and blood product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125691 blood product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVTQVYBMHFSYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(C)C([O-])=O.CC(C)C([O-])=O BVTQVYBMHFSYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FKYAWWVVKRUUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;decanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FKYAWWVVKRUUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HRBZRZSCMANEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HRBZRZSCMANEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NDWWLJQHOLSEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O NDWWLJQHOLSEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010061428 decreased appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003890 fistula Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004140 ketosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005541 medical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000003265 stomatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses rumen-bypass nicotinic acid and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of rumen-bypass nicotinic acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rumen-bypass nicotinic acid, and particularly relates to rumen-bypass nicotinic acid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rumen bypass technology, also called rumen protective technology, is to treat nutrient substances by special technology, such as coating, so that the nutrient substances are protected, and the nutrient substances are reduced to be fermented and degraded in the rumen of ruminants and are digested and absorbed after directly entering the small intestine, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the utilization rate of feed. The rumen bypass technology can reduce the degradation rate of nutrients in the rumen of ruminants and increase digestion and absorption in the small intestine, thereby improving the total utilization rate of the nutrients. At present, the rumen bypass nutrient which is researched and applied in the dairy cow production mainly comprises rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass amino acid, rumen bypass choline and the like. The smoke acidity is extremely stable and heat-resistant. The animal must be obtained from the outside. The lack of nicotinic acid, the animals showed slow growth and decreased appetite, and the chickens showed mainly nonspecific symptoms such as stomatitis, poor feather growth, dermatitis, leg bending, swelling, diarrhea, mild anemia and necrotic enteritis. The nicotinic acid also has remarkable pharmacological action, can dilate blood vessels, can make skin red and heat, and can reduce blood fat and cholesterol. The most common methods in coating technology are blood coating and fat coating. Whole blood coating the egg albumin and whey proteins are mixed with the feed and a film is formed on the exterior of the feed pellet. The whole blood coating can be applied to ruminant feed to influence the palatability of ruminants and improve the disease transmission capacity. Fat coating is mainly of two types, fatty acid hydrogenation and fatty acid calcification. Fatty acid hydrogenation is the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids, abbreviated as hydrogenated fats, by chemical hydrogenation. The method mainly uses the principle that the melting point of saturated fatty acid is higher than that of unsaturated fatty acid, so as to improve the melting point of fat, is insoluble in rumen fluid at the temperature of 38-39 ℃ of rumen, has no influence on the activity of rumen microorganisms, and is only dissolved under the action of digestive fluid in small intestine. However, the rumen bypass fatty product has high rumen bypass saturated fatty acid content, so that the digestibility of the rumen bypass fatty product is lower than that of the rumen bypass fatty acid-containing product. Fatty acid calcification is the synthesis of fatty acid calcium salt, short fatty acid calcium, from long chain fatty acid through saponification. Blood products, such as dried plasma, fish meal, bone meal, blood meal, etc., and most animal feeds have been banned from ruminant feeds because of their susceptibility to disease, causing limitations in fat coating, increasing formulation difficulty. The fatty acid calcium is a rumen bypass fatty product which is widely used in biological research and application of dairy cows at present, the product types are great, and the fatty acid calcium can be divided into short chain fatty acid calcium, medium chain fatty acid calcium, long chain fatty acid calcium and the like, and the fatty acid calcium is available in the market and comprises calcium isobutyrate, calcium octoate, calcium caprate, calcium palmitate, calcium stearate and the like, and the fatty acid calcium contains calcium, so that the fat content is limited, the effective energy value is low, the saponification is easy to be insufficient, the quality of the produced product is unstable, the absorption efficiency difference is obvious, and the user is not easy to control; the product contains a certain amount of short chain fatty acid, which affects rumen bypass effect, has soap smell and poor palatability, and cows or milch goats are unwilling to eat. Chinese patent CN110637930A discloses a rumen protected amylase, wherein the main component of the capsule material is saturated fatty acid, acrylic resin IV or chitosan, the acrylic resin IV and the chitosan are not mixed, and the main component of the core material is amylase. The acrylic resin IV can be rapidly dissolved in the pH range below 5, is a tertiary amine cationic compound, forms salt when meeting acid, depends on the effect of the cationic acrylate polymer on the salt formation when meeting acid, is mainly applied to human medicine in the past, has high production cost, unstable product content, poor granularity uniformity and the like, and has low practical value. The rumen bypass is insoluble in the environment with pH value of 5-7, does not interfere the normal activity of rumen microorganism, can smoothly pass through the rumen, but is immediately decomposed in the environment with gastric acidity. One skilled in the art is urgent to develop a rumen bypass nicotinic acid and a preparation method thereof so as to meet the existing application market and performance requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides rumen bypass niacin and a method for preparing the same.
The rumen-bypass nicotinic acid comprises a wall material and a core material, wherein the wall material is a double-layer composite material formed by coating oxidized konjak glucomannan with calcium carbonate, the weight ratio of the oxidized konjak glucomannan to the calcium carbonate is 1:1-1.5, the core material is a nicotinic acid pure substance, and the weight ratio of the wall material to the core material is 1:4-4.5.
The preparation method of the rumen bypass nicotinic acid comprises the following steps: firstly, adding isopropanol and konjak glucomannan into a reaction kettle, stirring for 3-5 min, uniformly mixing, regulating the pH value to 7.0-7.5, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.5-3% within 20-30 min, continuously reacting for 3-4 h, adding excessive sodium sulfite to terminate the reaction, repeatedly washing the precipitate with 90% alcohol for 3 times, and air-drying at room temperature to obtain oxidized konjak glucomannan; secondly, according to the parts by weight, 65-70 parts of aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4% -6% is prepared by the oxidized konjak glucomannan in the first step, then 0.002-0.004 part of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, after the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 45-50 ℃, 0.005-0.01 part of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2% is added, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 0.5-1 hour, so as to obtain glue solution, the glue solution is used as coating liquid, nicotinic acid is taken and placed in a fluidized bed coating machine for coating, hot air at 60 ℃ is blown in for drying for 0.5-1 hour, and the obtained konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid is obtained; thirdly, taking food-grade lime milk with the mass fraction of 4% -5%, injecting the food-grade lime milk into a reaction kettle, uniformly pouring the konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid obtained in the last step into the reaction kettle, starting a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, controlling the flow rate of carbon dioxide, the stirring rotating speed and the reaction temperature, performing reaction coating, performing pH value to be 7.0-7.3 after the reaction coating time is 20-25 min, and performing spray drying to obtain rumen-passing nicotinic acid.
Further, the mass ratio of the konjac glucomannan to the isopropanol in the first step is 1:3-4.
Further, in the third step, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15L/h, the stirring speed is 200-250 rpm, and the reaction temperature is 25-30 ℃.
Further, the air outlet temperature of the spray drying in the third step is 85-90 ℃, the atomization frequency is 40Hz, the feeding speed is 12-14 r/min, the relative density of the feed liquid is 1.06-1.08, and the air inlet temperature is 135-145 ℃.
Further, the air inlet temperature of the coating in the second step is 60-65 ℃, the atomization gas pressure is 0.1-0.11 MPa, the peristaltic pump rotating speed is 8-9 r/min, and the fan rotating speed is 1000rpm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, oxydol is used for oxidizing konjak glucomannan to prepare oxidized konjak glucomannan for fluidization coating and coating nicotinic acid, and calcium carbonate is continuously coated by adopting a lime milk blowing method, so that a double-layer composite material with a wall material of which the oxidized konjak glucomannan is coated by the calcium carbonate is formed, and the rumen-bypass nicotinic acid with a core material of a nicotinic acid pure substance is obtained. The double-layer composite material coated by calcium carbonate by using the difference of rumen pH value and true stomach pH value is not decomposed in neutral solution but is decomposed in acid environment, so that the double-layer composite material is not degraded in rumen and is digested and utilized after true stomach. The protective film can not be decomposed in the environment with the pH value of 5-7 in rumen, nicotinic acid can not be dissolved out, and in the acidic environment with the pH value of 2-3 in true stomach, the protective film is destroyed, the coated nicotinic acid and the food raw material source are dissolved out, and the protective film has konjak fragrance, is harmless and has no residue and high protection degree.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the rumen bypass nicotinic acid disclosed by the invention can improve the dry matter feed intake, improve the milk yield, reduce the postpartum body condition loss, promote the body condition recovery, reduce the incidence rate of clinical and subclinical ketosis, reduce the incidence rate of fatty liver syndrome, shorten the postpartum oestrus mating time, relieve the heat stress and greatly reduce the incidence rate of true stomach deflection. Rumen by-pass niacin greatly improves the dry matter feed intake of cows.
Detailed Description
Example 1
KJ-30 superfine konjak glucomannan of the Johnsen konjak company, tripod-marked food-grade hydrogen peroxide, bright-margin food-grade slaked lime, emerging food-grade sodium tripolyphosphate and Zhongrui food-grade nicotinic acid.
The rumen by-pass nicotinic acid comprises a wall material and a core material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding isopropanol and konjak glucomannan into a reaction kettle, stirring for 5min, uniformly mixing, regulating the pH value to 7.5, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3% within 30min, keeping the mass of the hydrogen peroxide solution to be 15% of that of the konjak glucomannan, continuously reacting for 4h, adding excessive sodium sulfite to stop the reaction, repeatedly washing and precipitating for 3 times by using 90% alcohol, and airing at room temperature to obtain oxidized konjak glucomannan; secondly, preparing 70 parts of aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 6% by taking the oxidized konjak glucomannan in the first step according to parts by mass, adding 0.004 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, reacting for 2 hours at 50 ℃, adding 0.01 part of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2%, heating to 60 ℃ and preserving heat for 1 hour to obtain glue solution, taking the glue solution as coating liquid, taking nicotinic acid, placing the nicotinic acid into a fluidized bed coating machine for coating, wherein the air inlet temperature is 65 ℃, the atomizing gas pressure is 0.11MPa, the peristaltic pump rotating speed is 9r/min, the fan rotating speed is 1000rpm, blowing hot air at 60 ℃ for drying for 1 hour, and obtaining the konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid; thirdly, taking food-grade lime milk with the mass fraction of 5%, injecting the food-grade lime milk into a reaction kettle, pouring the konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid obtained in the last step into the reaction kettle at a constant speed, starting a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, controlling the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 15L/h, stirring at a speed of 250rpm, performing reaction coating at a reaction temperature of 30 ℃, performing pH value to be 7.3 after the reaction coating time is 25min, performing spray drying, wherein the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is 90 ℃, the atomization frequency is 40Hz, the feeding speed is 14r/min, the relative density of feed liquid is 1.08, and the air inlet temperature is 145 ℃, thus obtaining the rumen-passing nicotinic acid. The wall material is a double-layer composite material with oxidized konjak glucomannan coated by calcium carbonate, wherein the weight ratio of the oxidized konjak glucomannan to the calcium carbonate is 1:1.5, the core material is a nicotinic acid pure substance, and the weight ratio of the wall material to the core material is 1:4.5.
The product is as follows: the color and luster of the particles are uniform and consistent, the moisture content of the particles is 6.0 percent, the analysis sieves with the granularity of 4.0mm pass through the particles completely, and the rumen bypass protection rate is 2h99.89 percent, 4h97.32 percent, 8h92.6 percent and 12h89.7 percent.
The nicotinic acid content of the rumen protected nicotinic acid product is 38.24 percent, and the rumen degradation rate of 8h dry matter measured by a rumen nylon bag method is 15.66 percent; the rumen degradation rate of 8h nicotinic acid is 26.10 percent.
Example 2
Raw materials: consistent konjak company YZ-J-36MY konjak mannan, xinnuhua food-grade hydrogen peroxide, xinyuan food-grade slaked lime, vat Fu food-grade sodium tripolyphosphate and Xingyu chemical food-grade nicotinic acid.
The rumen by-pass nicotinic acid comprises a wall material and a core material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding isopropanol and konjak glucomannan into a reaction kettle, stirring for 3min, uniformly mixing, regulating the pH value to 7.0, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.5% within 20min, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10% of that of the konjak glucomannan, continuously reacting for 3h, adding excessive sodium sulfite to terminate the reaction, repeatedly washing the precipitate with 90% alcohol for 3 times, and air-drying at room temperature to obtain oxidized konjak glucomannan; secondly, preparing 65 parts of aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4% by taking the oxidized konjak glucomannan in the first step according to parts by mass, adding 0.002 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, reacting for 2 hours at 45 ℃, adding 0.005 part of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2%, heating to 50 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5 hours to obtain glue solution, taking the glue solution as coating liquid, putting nicotinic acid into a fluidized bed coating machine for coating, wherein the air inlet temperature is 60 ℃, the atomizing gas pressure is 0.1MPa, the peristaltic pump rotating speed is 8r/min, the fan rotating speed is 1000rpm, blowing hot air at 60 ℃ for drying for 0.5 hours, and obtaining the coated nicotinic acid of the oxidized konjak glucomannan; thirdly, taking food-grade lime milk with the mass fraction of 4%, injecting the food-grade lime milk into a reaction kettle, pouring the konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid obtained in the last step into the reaction kettle at a constant speed, starting a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, controlling the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 15L/h, stirring at 200rpm, performing reaction coating at the reaction temperature of 25 ℃, performing pH value to be 7.0 after the reaction coating time is 20min, performing spray drying, wherein the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is 85 ℃, the atomization frequency is 40Hz, the feeding speed is 12r/min, the relative density of feed liquid is 1.06, and the air inlet temperature is 135 ℃, thus obtaining the rumen-passing nicotinic acid. The wall material is a double-layer composite material with oxidized konjak glucomannan coated by calcium carbonate, wherein the weight ratio of the oxidized konjak glucomannan to the calcium carbonate is 1:1, the core material is a nicotinic acid pure substance, and the weight ratio of the wall material to the core material is 1:4.
The product is as follows: the color and luster of the konjak powder are uniform and consistent, the moisture content is less than or equal to 8.0 percent, the analysis sieve with the granularity of 4.0mm passes through the rumen bypass protection rate of 2h99.85 percent, 4h97.32 percent, 8h92.5 percent and 12h89.6 percent. The nicotinic acid content of the rumen protected nicotinic acid product is 38.24 percent, and the rumen degradation rate of 8h dry matter is 15.31 percent by adopting a rumen nylon bag method; the rumen degradation rate of 8h nicotinic acid is 26.15 percent.
Note that: reference is made to the method for testing the stability of niacin and folic acid in the additive premix feed of GB/T7300GB/T17813-2018 (Zhang Like, wang, wang Diming, zhu Haiyan, liu Jianxin, chen Jiang. Research on development and stability of rumen protected niacin [ J ]. Feed industry, 2011 (S2): 64-68). Accurately weighing 5g of coated nicotinic acid, placing in a conical flask with a plug, adding 100ml of water, adding the plug, placing in a water bath shaker at 37 ℃ and 50r/min, taking out at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours respectively, and filtering to obtain nicotinic acid filter residues. The residue was repeatedly washed with cold distilled water and, after no turbidity, the residual amount of nicotinic acid was measured by GB/T17813-1999. The operation method is briefly described as follows: placing the residue in a 10ml brown volumetric flask, adding 1ml sodium carbonate solution (0.1 mol/l), soaking the sample, adding 7ml extractant, mixing, extracting in ultrasonic water bath for 15min, metering volume to 10ml with extractant, mixing, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 15min, discarding upper layer coagulated oil, and storing in centrifuge tube at 4deg.C under shade. When in measurement, the nicotinic acid concentration is measured by a high performance liquid chromatography method with refrigeration at 4 ℃ through filtering by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane into a small bottle with a cover, and the concentration of the test solution is ensured to be less than or equal to 5 mu g/ml. The protection rate of each rumen-protected niacin was calculated, wherein the test animals were Holstein cattle fitted with permanent rumen fistulas, 18 heads per group. The basic conditions of the test cattle are shown in Table 1. Ration composition (%): baking soda 0.1, mecamylide 1.2, beet pulp particles 0.5, apple pulp particles 0.5, soybean meal 4.3, puffed soybean 1.4, DDGS0.5, whole cotton seed 1.1 corn silage 52.2, alfalfa hay 5.9, cow concentrate 27.5, soybean hull particles 1.9, corn germ meal 0.9, northeast China sheep grass 1.9.
Claims (6)
1. The rumen bypass nicotinic acid is characterized by comprising a wall material and a core material, wherein the wall material is a double-layer composite material formed by coating oxidized konjak glucomannan with calcium carbonate, the weight ratio of the oxidized konjak glucomannan to the calcium carbonate is 1:1-1.5, the core material is a nicotinic acid pure substance, and the weight ratio of the wall material to the core material is 1:4-4.5.
2. The rumen bypass niacin according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding isopropanol and konjak glucomannan into a reaction kettle, stirring for 3-5 min, uniformly mixing, regulating the pH value to 7.0-7.5, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.5-3% within 20-30 min, keeping the mass of the hydrogen peroxide solution accounting for 10-15% of the konjak glucomannan, continuously reacting for 3-4 h, adding excessive sodium sulfite to stop the reaction, repeatedly washing and precipitating for 3 times by using 90% alcohol, and airing at room temperature to obtain oxidized konjak glucomannan; secondly, according to the parts by weight, 65-70 parts of aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4% -6% is prepared by the oxidized konjak glucomannan in the first step, then 0.002-0.004 part of sodium tripolyphosphate is added, after the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 45-50 ℃, 0.005-0.01 part of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2% is added, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 0.5-1 hour, so as to obtain glue solution, the glue solution is used as coating liquid, nicotinic acid is taken and placed in a fluidized bed coating machine for coating, hot air at 60 ℃ is blown in for drying for 0.5-1 hour, and the obtained konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid is obtained; thirdly, taking food-grade lime milk with the mass fraction of 4% -5%, injecting the food-grade lime milk into a reaction kettle, uniformly pouring the konjak glucomannan coated nicotinic acid obtained in the last step into the reaction kettle, starting a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, controlling the flow rate of carbon dioxide, the stirring rotating speed and the reaction temperature, performing reaction coating, performing pH value to be 7.0-7.3 after the reaction coating time is 20-25 min, and performing spray drying to obtain rumen-passing nicotinic acid.
3. The rumen bypass nicotinic acid according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of konjac glucomannan to isopropyl alcohol in the first step is 1:3-4.
4. The rumen bypass nicotinic acid according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate of carbon dioxide in the third step is 15L/h, the stirring speed is 200-250 rpm, and the reaction temperature is 25-30 ℃.
5. The rumen by-pass nicotinic acid according to claim 2, wherein the spray drying air outlet temperature in the third step is 85-90 ℃, the atomization frequency is 40Hz, the feeding speed is 12-14 r/min, the relative density of feed liquid is 1.06-1.08, and the air inlet temperature is 135-145 ℃.
6. The rumen bypass nicotinic acid according to claim 2, wherein the air inlet temperature of the coating in the second step is 60-65 ℃, the atomization gas pressure is 0.1-0.11 MPa, the peristaltic pump rotating speed is 8-9 r/min, and the fan rotating speed is 1000rpm.
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