CN116995424A - Circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN116995424A CN116995424A CN202311018652.3A CN202311018652A CN116995424A CN 116995424 A CN116995424 A CN 116995424A CN 202311018652 A CN202311018652 A CN 202311018652A CN 116995424 A CN116995424 A CN 116995424A
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna, which is characterized in that a rectangular groove and a branch are integrated into a probe bevel feed laminated patch, a circularly polarized phase condition is formed by the disturbance action of the rectangular groove and the branch on two pairs of orthogonal modes of the laminated patch, and a zero field area at a feed point of a coupling unit is formed by the regulation action of a coupling path between the two laminated patch antennas, so that the circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna is formed by simultaneously controlling the circularly polarization of an excitation antenna and the decoupling between the two antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave communication, in particular to a circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna.
Background
The circularly polarized antenna is an antenna with different polarization modes relative to the linearly polarized antenna, and the polarization direction of the circularly polarized antenna rotates leftwards or rightwards around the propagation direction, so that the circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of restraining multipath interference, reducing polarization mismatch, overcoming Faraday effect and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, positioning navigation, radio frequency identification and the like. A plurality of circularly polarized antennas form a multi-antenna array, so that the gain extension propagation distance can be increased, and the gain and coverage area can be increased by beam scanning. However, when strong mutual coupling exists between circularly polarized antenna units in the array, problems such as pattern deformation, matching deterioration, channel mutual interference and the like of the antenna array are easily caused. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a circular polarization decoupling antenna, wherein the circular polarization decoupling antenna realized in the form of a patch antenna has a simple structure, is easy to integrate and process, and has important application value.
The prior circularly polarized patch antenna decoupling technology is respectively aimed at a single-layer patch antenna and a double-layer patch antenna, wherein the former has narrow bandwidth and low realization difficulty, and the latter has wide bandwidth and high realization difficulty. The decoupling method of the circularly polarized single-layer patch antenna mainly comprises three methods: the first method adopts a balun feed square patch and loads a barbell type full-enclosed defective ground structure, so that the mutual coupling is reduced by disturbing ground current, but the method cannot keep the integrity of metal ground, so that the back leakage is large, and meanwhile, the substrate where a feed network is located cannot cover the defective ground structure, so that the whole integration is poor; the second approach is to load a middle shorted "W" strip structure around the two patches, avoiding the problem of defectivity, but requiring additional structure beyond the antenna elements; the third method is to realize decoupling and axial ratio between circularly polarized antennas by adjusting the aspect ratio of the patch, and the method does not need to add additional structures outside the antenna unit, thereby realizing self-decoupling of the circularly polarized antennas. The decoupling method of the circularly polarized double-layer patch antenna is that a metamaterial isolator is vertically arranged between two units to absorb space waves between antenna units, so that the isolation performance between the units is improved, but the method has the advantages of higher section, complex structure and low integrality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the prior art, a circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna is provided, so that the simultaneous control of the circular polarization of an excitation antenna and the decoupling between double antennas is realized.
The technical scheme is as follows: a unit of the circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna comprises a top metal structure, a first layer of dielectric substrate, an intermediate layer of metal structure, a second layer of dielectric substrate, a metal ground and a metal probe; the top metal structure comprises two first rectangular metal patches with first rectangular grooves on the upper and lower sides respectively as parasitic patches of the antenna unit, wherein the length of the first rectangular grooves is 0.05λ 0 -0.07λ 0 ，λ 0 The free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency; the middle layer metal structure comprises two second rectangular metal patches, branches are arranged at the centers of the left side and the right side of the middle layer metal structure, second rectangular grooves are arranged at the centers of the upper side and the lower side of the middle layer metal structure, and the length of each branch is 0.02λ 0 -0.04λ 0 The width of the second rectangular groove is 0.03lambda 0 -0.05λ 0 Between them; the center points of the first rectangular metal patch and the second rectangular metal patch are aligned in pairs; the inner conductors of the two metal probes are respectively connected to the second rectangular metal patch, the connection point is positioned on the diagonal line of the second rectangular metal patch, and the outer conductors of the two metal probes are respectively connected to the metal ground.
Further, the feeding point is on the diagonal of the second rectangular metal patch, so that a pair of orthogonal modes of the patch resonator can be excited simultaneously, and the second rectangular metal patch is coupled with the first rectangular metal patch to excite a pair of orthogonal modes of the first rectangular metal patch; under the disturbance adjustment effect of the grooves and the branches of the second rectangular metal patch and the grooves of the first rectangular metal patch, a 90-degree phase difference is formed between two pairs of orthogonal modes, so that a circularly polarized antenna is formed; moreover, the coupling unit presents an oblique angle zero field region which does not rotate along with time, and the metal probes connected with the zero field region cannot be coupled to obtain signals, so that a mutual coupling zero point is formed.
Further, the antenna matching is adjusted by adjusting the position of the metal probe on the diagonal of the second rectangular metal patch.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention blends the rectangular groove and the branch into the probe bevel feed laminated patch, forms a circular polarization phase condition by utilizing the disturbance action of the rectangular groove and the branch on two pairs of orthogonal modes of the laminated patch, and forms a zero field region at a feed point of a coupling unit by adjusting the coupling path between the two laminated patch antennas, thereby realizing the simultaneous control of the circular polarization of the exciting antenna and the decoupling between the double antennas and forming the circular polarization decoupling patch antenna.
Specifically, a pair of branches are arranged at the centers of the left side and the right side of the rectangular metal patch of the middle layer, a pair of rectangular grooves are arranged at the centers of the upper side and the lower side of the rectangular metal patch of the middle layer, the branches and the rectangular grooves can disturb the phase difference of a pair of orthogonal modes of the patch resonator of the middle layer, and the inductive coupling of the pair of orthogonal modes to the coupling unit can be influenced.
The center of the top rectangular metal patch corresponds to the center of the rectangular metal patch of the middle layer up and down, and a pair of rectangular grooves are formed in the centers of the upper side and the lower side of the top rectangular metal patch, and can disturb the phase difference of a pair of orthogonal modes of the top patch resonator and influence the inductive coupling of the top patch to the coupling unit.
The probe feed point is positioned on the diagonal of the rectangular metal patch at the middle layer and is used for exciting two pairs of orthogonal modes of the upper layer patch and the lower layer patch, the antenna matching can be adjusted by moving the two pairs of orthogonal modes on the diagonal, the zero field region of the coupling unit is positioned on the diagonal of the rectangular metal patch at the middle layer and can cover the probe feed point, the position is unchanged with time, so that the probes of the coupling unit cannot be coupled to obtain signals, and the mutual coupling zero point is formed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a 1×2 circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a 1×2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate layer structure of a 1×2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna;
fig. 4 is a simulated S-parameter comparison of a 1 x 2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna with a conventional 1 x 2 stacked patch antenna, wherein (a) corresponds to a conventional 1 x 2 stacked patch antenna and (b) corresponds to a 1 x 2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an axial ratio diagram of a 1 x 2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings. Lambda (lambda) 0
The circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna has a 1×2 antenna structure as shown in fig. 1 to 3, and mainly comprises a top metal structure 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, an intermediate metal structure 3, a second dielectric substrate 4, a metal ground 5 and a metal probe 6. The top metal structure 1 comprises two top rectangular metal patches 101 with rectangular grooves 102 on the upper and lower sides as parasitic patches of the antenna unit, wherein the length of the rectangular grooves 102 is 0.05λ 0 -0.07λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. The middle layer metal structure 3 comprises two rectangular metal patches 301, branches 302 are arranged at the centers of the left side and the right side of the rectangular metal patches, rectangular grooves 303 are arranged at the centers of the upper side and the lower side of the rectangular metal patches, and the lengths of the branches are 0.02λ 0 -0.04λ 0 Between which the width of the rectangular groove is 0.03lambda 0 -0.05λ 0 Between them. The center points of the top and middle rectangular metal patches 101, 301 are aligned. The inner conductor of the metal probe 6 is connected to the middle rectangular metal patch 301, the connection point is located on the diagonal of the rectangular metal patch, and the outer conductor is connected to the metal ground 5.
For the circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna, signals are fed from the metal probes 6 of the first unit of the antenna, the middle rectangular metal patch 301 and the top rectangular metal patch 101 are excited, the signals are radiated to the normal direction of the antenna in a circularly polarized mode under the action of grooves and branches of the edges of the two layers of patches and patches, and only a very small part of the signals are coupled to the second unit and output from the metal probes 6 of the second unit. When a signal is fed from the metal probe 6 of the second unit of the antenna, the process is similar to that described above, with the signal flowing in the opposite direction.
In the process, the feeding point is atA pair of orthogonal modes, TM, of the patch resonator of the middle layer, which are excited simultaneously on the diagonal of the patch 01 Mode and TM 10 The mode, the middle layer patch is coupled with the top layer patch, a pair of orthogonal modes of the top layer patch are excited, and the mode name is TM 01 Mode and TM 10 Molding; at this time, under the disturbance adjustment effect of the middle rectangular groove, the branches and the top rectangular groove, a 90-degree phase difference can be formed between the two pairs of orthogonal modes, so that the circularly polarized antenna is formed.
In addition, when one antenna unit is excited, a small part of signals are transmitted to the other antenna unit through the paths of patch coupling induction, ground current, direct coupling and the like between the two units, at the moment, the middle rectangular groove, the branches and the top rectangular groove respectively generate adjusting effects on the inductive coupling of four orthogonal modes, namely, the middle rectangular groove and the branches mainly adjust the inductive coupling of a pair of orthogonal modes of the middle patch resonator to the other patch antenna, and the top rectangular groove mainly adjusts the inductive coupling of a pair of orthogonal modes of the top patch resonator to the other patch antenna. Finally, under the action of the middle rectangular grooves, the branches and the top rectangular grooves, the excitation unit can maintain circular polarization field distribution rotating along with time period, diagonal zero field regions are displayed in the middle patch resonator of the coupling unit, and the zero field regions do not rotate along with time, so that probes connected to the zero field regions cannot be coupled to obtain signals, cross coupling zero points are formed, and cross coupling between two units can be effectively improved.
According to the working process, the middle layer rectangular grooves, the branches and the top layer rectangular grooves can simultaneously adjust the circular polarization and mutual coupling of the 1 multiplied by 2 circular polarization decoupling laminated patch antenna, so that the decoupling of the circular polarization laminated patch antenna can be realized under the condition that other parasitic structures are not added, and the decoupling has self-decoupling characteristics. Meanwhile, as more modes participate in the work, a wider bandwidth can be obtained. Structurally, the antenna is simple in structure, easy to integrate and free of back leakage due to the fact that probe feeding is adopted.
The dielectric substrate used in this embodiment is RO4003C, and the center-to-center distance between two antenna units is 0.3λ 0 . Fig. 4 shows S-parameter simulation results for a conventional 1×2 stacked patch antenna and a 1×2 circularly polarized decoupled patch antenna of the present invention at the same center-to-center spacing. As can be seen from fig. 4, the mutual coupling level of the conventional 1×2 stacked patch antenna is-6 dB, while the mutual coupling level of the 1×2 circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna of the present invention in the matching frequency band is-17 dB, so that the overall decoupling effect is significantly improved. The-10 dB impedance matching frequency band of this embodiment is from 3.26 GHz to 3.52GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 7.9%. Fig. 5 is a simulated axial ratio of an embodiment of a 1 x 2 stacked circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna of the present invention, which can be seen to achieve not only decoupling of stacked patches but also circular polarization, with a 3dB axial ratio band ranging from 3.29 GHz to 3.48 GHz, and a relative bandwidth of 5.6%.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna is characterized in that one unit of the antenna comprises a top metal structure (1), a first layer of dielectric substrate (2), an intermediate layer metal structure (3), a second layer of dielectric substrate (4), a metal ground (5) and a metal probe (6); the top metal structure (1) comprises two first rectangular metal patches (101) with first rectangular grooves (102) on the upper and lower sides respectively, and the first rectangular grooves (102) are 0.05λ in length and serve as parasitic patches of the antenna unit 0 -0.07λ 0 ，λ 0 The free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency; the middle layer metal structure (3) comprises two second rectangular metal patches (301), branches (302) are arranged at the centers of the left side and the right side of the middle layer metal structure, second rectangular grooves (303) are arranged at the centers of the upper side and the lower side of the middle layer metal structure, and the length of each branch is 0.02λ 0 -0.04λ 0 The width of the second rectangular groove (303) is 0.03lambda 0 -0.05λ 0 Between them; the center points of the first rectangular metal patch (101) and the second rectangular metal patch (301) are aligned in pairsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inner conductors of the two metal probes (6) are respectively connected with the second rectangular metal patch (301), the connection point is positioned on the diagonal line of the second rectangular metal patch (301), and the outer conductors of the two metal probes (6) are respectively connected with the metal ground (5).
2. The circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed point is on a diagonal of the second rectangular metal patch (301) capable of simultaneously exciting a pair of orthogonal modes of the layer of patch resonator, while the second rectangular metal patch (301) is coupled to the first rectangular metal patch (101) exciting a pair of orthogonal modes of the first rectangular metal patch (101); under the disturbance adjustment effect of the grooves and branches of the second rectangular metal patch (301) and the grooves of the first rectangular metal patch (101), a 90-degree phase difference is formed between two pairs of orthogonal modes, so that a circularly polarized antenna is formed; moreover, the coupling unit presents an oblique angle zero field region which does not rotate along with time, and the metal probe (6) connected with the zero field region cannot be coupled to obtain signals, so that a mutual coupling zero point is formed.
3. Circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the antenna matching is adjusted by adjusting the position of the metal probe (6) on the diagonal of the second rectangular metal patch (301).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311018652.3A CN116995424B (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2023-08-14 | Circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna |
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| CN202311018652.3A CN116995424B (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2023-08-14 | Circularly polarized decoupling patch antenna |
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| CN116995424A true CN116995424A (en) | 2023-11-03 |
| CN116995424B CN116995424B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN206976565U (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-02-06 | 深圳市鼎耀科技有限公司 | Double-fed double frequency round polarized antenna |
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2023
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