CN116992186A - Low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon efficiency ratio metering method and low-carbon performance evaluation method - Google Patents
Low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon efficiency ratio metering method and low-carbon performance evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a metering method for carbon efficiency ratio of a low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit and a low-carbon performance evaluation method, wherein the carbon efficiency ratio is obtained by calculating the ratio of carbon footprint of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit to the sum of functional units of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, and the sum of the functional units is the sum of the total emission of greenhouse gas in the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit system expressed by the carbon footprint in terms of the carbon dioxide equivalent, namely the sum of the heat is provided during the service life of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit. The metering method considers the total carbon emission of the product and the functional contribution of the product, and distributes the carbon emission to each functional unit through the ratio, thereby being scientific and reasonable. The application also discloses a method for evaluating the low-carbon performance of the low-environment-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit by adopting the carbon efficiency comparison.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a metering method and a low-carbon performance evaluation method of a heat pump (cold water) unit, in particular to a metering method and a low-carbon performance evaluation method of a low-environment-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon efficiency ratio.
Background
Currently, the following parameters are used for evaluating the low carbon performance of products:
(1) Product carbon footprint CFP
The concept of carbon footprint (carbon footprint) is due to the "ecological footprint" proposed by the university of Columbia. The carbon footprint is the analysis of the product life cycle or the process of breaking down emissions directly and indirectly related to the activity from the life cycle point of view, mainly referring to the total amount of climate change related gases emitted during human production and consumption activities, as opposed to the differences of other carbon emission studies.
The precise definition of "carbon footprint" is not currently uniform, and various nations have respective understandings and insights, but generally refer to the amount of greenhouse gas or carbon dioxide emissions caused by all activities of individuals with other entities (business institutions, activities, buildings, products, etc.), including both direct emissions from the burning of fossil fuels during manufacturing, heating, and transportation, and indirect carbon emissions from the production and consumption of goods and services.
The product carbon footprint is the greenhouse gas or carbon dioxide emissions generated during the product lifecycle. There are various methods for calculating the carbon footprint of the product, wherein the method uses the greenhouse gas emission evaluation standards of ISO 14067, greenhouse gas-product carbon footprint-quantification requirement and guide and PAS2050, commodity and service in life cycle.
(2) Reduced displacement
Nuclear evidence emission reduction, (Certified Emission Reduction) is a specific term in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). According to the CDM terminology table (seventh edition) issued by the United nations executive council (EB), the nuclear evidence emission reduction refers to a unit which accords with the principle and the requirement of clean development mechanism, and the emission reduction of CDM or PoAs (planning class) projects issued by the EB, wherein a unit CER is equivalent to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, and Global Warming Potential (GWP) value is adopted when CER is calculated to convert the greenhouse effect of non-carbon dioxide gas into the equivalent carbon dioxide amount.
The product emission reduction is the difference between the carbon emission and the reference value in the life cycle of the product, and the current calculation method for the product emission reduction comprises the following steps of ISO 14064-1:2018 "Specification for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and scavenging at the first part of the organization hierarchy of greenhouse gases" and ISO 14064-2:2019 Specification for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reduction and removal increase at the project level of the second part of greenhouse gas
The above method has the following disadvantages:
the product carbon footprint is greenhouse gas or carbon dioxide emissions generated during the product lifecycle, and the following problems exist with the low carbon performance of the equipment for evaluation using the carbon footprint CFP:
1) The information disclosure is insufficient. The CFP that can be equipped is proportional to the size of the functional unit, the more functional units are equipped, the larger the CFP, only CFP is disclosed, and the contribution of the product is ignored without disclosure of the functional unit. The low carbon state of the art of the equipment cannot be fully evaluated.
2) Value-oriented errors. The CFP of the equipment is in direct proportion to the service life, and the longer the service life of the equipment is, the larger the CFP is, so that the low-carbon technology of the equipment cannot be correctly reflected, and the popularization of the equipment with long service life is not facilitated.
3) Information misleading. The CFP absolute value of the life cycle of equipment is generally large, consumers are easy to mislead, the carbon emission of the equipment is considered to be large when the equipment leaves a factory, energy conservation and emission reduction are not noticed when the equipment is used, and equipment manufacturers are reluctant to mark.
4) The applicability is poor. CFP is suitable for evaluating non-energy-consuming equipment because the life cycle carbon emission of the non-energy-consuming equipment is basically determined at the time of delivery, and the carbon emission is small at the use stage. The equipment products are energy products, the proportion of carbon emission which occurs when leaving the factory is small in the life cycle, and the carbon emission in the using stage is large in proportion, for example: the using stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit accounts for about 95.06 percent.
Secondly, the emission reduction is the difference between the carbon emission of the product and the reference value of the carbon emission, and the essence of the emission reduction is the carbon emission. The 1-3 problems which are also existed in the low-carbon performance of the emission reduction evaluation equipment are solved, the emission reduction is suitable for the emission reduction effect after the low-carbon technology is applied to the evaluation project and organization, and the emission reduction effect is used for evaluating the unsuitable low-carbon performance of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a metering method for the carbon efficiency ratio of a low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, which not only considers the total carbon emission amount of products, but also considers the functional contribution of the products, and distributes the carbon emission to each functional unit through the ratio, thereby being scientific and reasonable.
The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions: the metering method of the carbon efficiency ratio of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
wherein:
the carbon efficiency ratio of the CER-low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, namely the carbon dioxide equivalent discharged by the low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit for providing unit heat, is as follows: kg CO 2e /kWh；
CFP-low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon footprint, namely based on life cycle evaluation of the low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e ) Indicated medium temperature of low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit systemTotal amount of carbon emissions of chamber gas, unit: kg CO 2e ；
TFU-total sum of functional units of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, i.e. total sum of heat provided during service life of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, unit: kWh.
In the application, the carbon footprint of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit comprises carbon emission in the raw material acquisition stage, carbon emission in the production and manufacturing stage, carbon emission in the transportation stage and carbon emission in the use stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, and the carbon footprint of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP-low ambient temperature air source heat pump (chiller) unit carbon footprint, unit: kgCO 2e ；
CFP material The total carbon emission of the raw material acquisition stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is as follows: kgCO 2e ；
CFP produce -total carbon emissions in the production phase of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
CFP transport -total carbon emissions of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit during the transport phase, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
CFP use -total carbon emissions in the use phase of a low ambient temperature air source heat pump (chiller) unit, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
The carbon emission amount in the raw material acquisition stage, the carbon emission amount in the production and manufacturing stage, the carbon emission amount in the transportation stage and the carbon emission amount in the using stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit are calculated according to the method specified in ISO 14067.
The raw material acquisition stage is used for extracting and manufacturing resources and carbon emission generated by energy sources. And collecting materials, quality, quantity and the like corresponding to each product part by taking a product bill of materials (BOM table) as a support.
In the application, the total carbon emission amount of the raw material acquisition stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP material the total carbon emission of the raw material acquisition stage of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is as follows: kgCO 2e ；
CFP i，material -carbon emissions produced by the raw materials of class i during extraction and manufacture in units of: kgCO 2e ；
n-the types of raw materials contained in the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit;
the production manufacturing stage includes, but is not limited to, the following process information:
the resource and energy consumption in the production process of the parts of the product;
the resource and energy consumption of the product assembly process;
the parts of the product or the whole machine transport the circulated resources and energy consumption in workshops and factories;
providing the necessary production process flow diagram.
The total carbon emission amount of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the production and manufacturing stage is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP produce -total carbon emissions in the production phase of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
FC i，produce At the stage of production and manufactureThe i-th energy consumption (such as diesel oil and natural gas) is as follows: kg or m 3 ；
CEF i，produce -carbon emission coefficient of energy source of class i, unit: kgCO 2e Kg or kgCO 2e /m 3 ；
n-the number of types of energy (such as diesel, natural gas) consumed in the production and manufacturing stage;
PC produce -power consumption in the production and manufacturing phase, in units of: kWh;
PEF-electric power emission factor in units of: kgCO 2e /kWh；
The transportation stage is the resource and energy consumption of the whole product from the factory to the distribution of the transportation process among the suppliers.
The total carbon emission of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the transportation stage is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP transport -total carbon emissions of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit during the transport phase, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
FC i，transport Class i energy consumption (e.g. diesel, natural gas) during the transport phase, in units of: kg or m 3 ；
n-the number of types of energy (e.g., diesel, natural gas) consumed during the transportation phase;
CEF i，transport -carbon emission coefficient of energy source of class i, unit: kgCO 2e Kg or kgCO 2e /m 3 ；
PC transport -power consumption in transportation phase, in units of: kWh;
the carbon emission in the using stage is derived from electric energy consumption, the electric power consumption in the heating season of the low-temperature heat pump unit is calculated by testing according to the method specified in GB/T25127.1-2010 or GB/T25127.2-2010, and then the total electric power consumption in the using stage is determined according to the service life of the low-temperature heat pump unit.
Note that: this document ignores carbon emissions caused by the escape of the refrigerant.
The total carbon emission amount of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the using stage is calculated by the following formula:
CFP use ＝PC use ×PEF
wherein:
CFP use -total carbon emissions in the use phase of the low-temperature air-source heat pump (chiller) unit, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
PC use -power consumption of the low temperature air source heat pump (chiller) unit in use phase: kWh;
PEF-electric power emission factor in units of: kgCO 2e /kWh；
The calculation formula of the power consumption of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the using stage is as follows:
wherein:
HSTL-seasonal heating quantity, unit is: kWh;
IPLV (H) -heating comprehensive part load coefficient of performance, the unit is: W/W;
l-service life of the low temperature heat pump unit is generally 10, and the unit is: year after year.
The calculation formula of the quaternary heating amount is as follows:
HSTL＝n×H×(A+B×75％+C×50％+D×25％)
n-the number of hours of operation in the heating season, in units of: h, performing H;
h-nominal heating capacity of the low temperature heat pump unit, wherein the unit is: kW;
note that: the number of operating hours in heating seasons and the weight coefficient of each part load performance of the heating comprehensive part load performance coefficient are based on the fact that Beijing is a representative city and hotel buildings are representative buildings.
In the application, the sum of the functional units of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is 'providing heat of 1 kWh'.
In the application, the calculation formula of the sum of the functional units of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is as follows:
TFU＝HSTL×L
wherein:
TFU-total sum of functional units of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, i.e. total sum of heat provided during service life of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, unit: kWh.
HSTL-seasonal heating quantity, unit is: kWh;
l-service life of the low temperature heat pump unit is generally 10, and the unit is: year after year.
The annual energy consumption efficiency of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is tested and calculated according to a method specified by GB/T25127.1-2010 or GB/T25127.2-2010.
The second purpose of the application is to provide a method for evaluating the low-carbon performance of the low-environment-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit by carbon efficiency comparison, and the method can truly reflect the low-carbon technical level.
The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions: the evaluation method for low-carbon performance of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit by adopting carbon efficiency ratio comprises the following evaluation criteria:
1. for main adaptationThe rated water outlet temperature of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit for low-temperature radiation heating tail ends such as floor heating and the like is 35 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.191kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
2. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to low-temperature radiation heating tail ends, such as floor heating and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 35 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is greater than 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.191kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
3. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to forced convection heating tail ends, such as a fan coil, a forced convection low-temperature radiator and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 41 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.218kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
4. for low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) units mainly applicable to forced convection heating tail ends, such as fan coils, forced convection low-temperature radiators and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 41 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is greater than 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.218kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
5. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to heating terminals combining natural convection and radiation, such as a fan coil, a low-temperature radiator and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 55 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.322kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
6. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to heating terminals combining natural convection and radiation, such as a fan coil, a low-temperature radiator and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 55 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is more than 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.322kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
the low-carbon product is a low-ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, and is also suitable for a wind-water type low-ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit driven by a motor and running at low ambient temperature, a low-ambient temperature air source heat pump water heater for heating, a low-temperature type heat pump water heater for business or industry and the like.
The terms appearing in the application are defined and defined by national standards of GB/T24040 and GB/T24044. Low carbon product low-carbon product
The carbon emission data of the product meets the low carbon evaluation index requirement of the product compared with the similar product or the product with the same function.
Product carbon footprint carbon footprint of a product (CFP)
Based on the life cycle evaluation, the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) The sum of greenhouse gas emissions in the product system is indicated.
Functional unit
Quantified product system performance as a benchmark unit, source: GB/T24044-2008,3.20.
Sum of functional units
Energy sum provided during service life of low ambient temperature air source heat pump (chiller) unit: kWh.
Carbon-effect ratio of low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit
Carbon dioxide equivalent weight discharged from the provided heat of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit: kgCO 2e /kWh。
The metering method of the carbon efficiency ratio of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit not only considers the total carbon emission amount of the product, but also considers the functional contribution of the product, and the carbon emission is distributed to each functional unit through the ratio, so that the metering method is scientific and reasonable. Meanwhile, the low-carbon performance of the product can be evaluated by the evaluation method of the low-carbon performance of the low-environment-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit through carbon efficiency comparison, and the low-carbon technical level can be truly reflected. The method has the characteristics of clear definition, easy understanding, strong applicability and the like, and has remarkable application value in the aspect of evaluating the low-carbon performance of the energy product.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following remarkable effects:
1. the disclosure information is sufficient: the carbon efficiency ratio considers the total carbon emission of the product and the functional contribution of the product, and the carbon emission is distributed to each functional unit through the ratio, so that the low carbon level is high.
2. The value direction is correct: the carbon efficiency ratio is not proportional to the service life of the product, but the longer the service life of the product is, the smaller the carbon efficiency ratio is, and the resource utilization is normal.
3. Vendor willingness to cooperate: manufacturers prefer to use carbon to effect ratios to represent low carbon performance, as opposed to carbon footprint, as well as such "ratio" type of technical parameters within the industry, such as: hundred kilometers of oil consumption, energy efficiency ratio and electric energy conversion rate.
4. The method is applicable to: the carbon efficiency ratio is suitable for evaluating the energy utilization product, the low-carbon performance of the product with quantifiable efficacy, especially the product with continuous energy utilization in the using stage, and the product is much more used and carbon emission is much more and is easy to accept under the condition of unchanged carbon efficiency ratio.
Drawings
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a boundary diagram of a carbon footprint system of a low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application relates to a metering method of carbon efficiency ratio of a low-ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit and a method for evaluating low-carbon performance of the low-ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, which comprises the following specific processes:
1. evaluation object: is 1 set of low-ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) machine set.
2. Product carbon footprint
2.1 product information
The product information is shown in the following table:
2.2 System boundary
1. The input of the product system is as follows: raw materials, energy sources and fuels; the output is: the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, carbon emission and waste are all basic flows;
2. for the product, the main stage of contributing to the carbon footprint is carbon dioxide emission caused by electricity consumption in the 'user use' stage; thus, the present report will focus on the "user use" phase;
3. the carbon footprint of the product in the 'user use' stage is estimated from two angles, namely, the annual power consumption is converted according to the energy consumption index of laboratory test, and the estimation is carried out by combining the service life of the design; and the other is to perform field test on the product every year in the future, and adjust the estimated annual power consumption value according to the measured value so as to realize carbon footprint tracking.
4. The service life of the product design is 20 years, and for the recovery stage after the end of the service life of the product, the recovery method and the technology used after 20 years cannot be predicted to which extent, and an exhaustive recovery plan cannot be given, so the report does not consider the recovery stage of the product, and therefore the report is described.
2.3 data quality analysis
2.3.1 data sources:
the data list of the raw material acquisition stage, the product production and manufacturing stage and the transportation stage of the product is provided by enterprises. Product energy efficiency information for calculating the carbon emissions at the stage of use is provided by the enterprise.
2.3.2 raw material acquisition stage data selection principle:
a) Project input with auxiliary material mass less than 0.1% of total consumption of raw materials;
b) A general solid waste of less than 1% of the total solid waste discharge;
c) Less than 1% of the weight of the product, and composed of non-rare noble metal or non-high purity substances
Component part
d) Less than 0.1% of the weight of the product, and auxiliary materials, raw materials and parts which are made of rare noble metals or high-purity substances.
The weight combination of the input auxiliary materials, the output auxiliary materials, the raw materials and the parts which are ignored is not more than 5 percent of the weight of the product.
2.3.3 secondary data Using lifecycle inventory database data
The evaluation tool of the present report refers to the use of the germany-based GaBi software. Data sources:
1) The electric power emission factor of China comes from the No. 111 of the circular climate letter (2022) of the office of the ecological environment department, which is a notice about the important work related to the management of the greenhouse gas emission report of the enterprises in 2022 years;
2) GWP index (characterization factor) originated from the "inter-government climate change specialization committee" (IPCC) report in 2007;
3) Raw material calculation data were derived from the germany GaBi software database.
2.4 carbon footprint evaluation List
2.4.1 raw Material acquisition stage
3.3.1 lifecycle inventory of products
Based on the data provided by the enterprise, the list of "raw materials", "manufacture", "user use" stages of the product is shown in tables 2-5,
table 2 parts list table
TABLE 3 list of raw materials
Remarks: according to the rule of exclusion, if certain part information is not available, raw materials with a weight ratio of less than 1% may be excluded, but the total exclusion amount is not more than 5%.
TABLE 4 manufacturing stage consumption inventory
Table 5 use phase list
3.4 carbon footprint impact assessment
3.4.1 lifecycle influencing factors
The carbon footprint of the product at each stage has the influence factors of raw material consumption, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission and the like as shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 product carbon footprint influencing factors
3.4.2 raw material stage
The data of carbon dioxide discharged from the raw material production of the product are calculated according to the types of raw materials, the use amount and the GaBi software, and the specific analysis is shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 carbon emissions at raw Material stage
3.4.3 manufacturing stage
Carbon emissions in the product manufacturing stage come from the electricity consumption of production, assembly equipment, and the carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption are calculated according to the national average electricity production (grid) emission factor published by the ecological environment department, wherein the diesel part calculates the corresponding carbon emissions in combination with the carbon emission factor. The specific analysis is shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 carbon emissions during the manufacturing stage
Note that: national average power production (grid) emission factor is 0.5810tCO 2 MWh (ecological Environment department); the carbon emission coefficient of the natural gas is 2.73kg CO 2 /m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Helium and liquid oxygen do not participate in the calculation because of complex extraction process and temporary lack of clear carbon emission coefficient.
3.4.4 user use phases
For a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, the carbon emission in the use process occupies the largest proportion in the whole life cycle, and the carbon emission in the stage is derived from electric energy consumption. Testing according to the method specified in GB/T25127.1-2010, calculating the heating season power consumption of the low-temperature heat pump unit, and determining the total power consumption of the low-temperature heat pump unit in the using stage according to the service life of the low-temperature heat pump unit.
The power consumption calculation formula of the using stage is as follows:
wherein:
HSTL-seasonal heating quantity, unit is: kWh;
IPLV (H) -heating comprehensive part load coefficient of performance, the unit is: W/W;
l-low temperature heat pump unit life, the unit is: year after year.
The calculation formula of the quaternary heating amount is as follows:
HSTL＝n×H×(A+B×75％+C×50％+D×25％)
n-the number of hours of operation in the heating season, in units of: h, performing H;
h-nominal heating capacity of the low temperature heat pump unit, wherein the unit is: kW;
note that: according to GB/T25127.1-2020 and GB 37480-2019, the operation hours in heating seasons and the weight coefficient of each part load performance of the heating comprehensive part load performance coefficient are based on the fact that Beijing is a representative city and hotel buildings are representative buildings.
According to the standard and the test data provided by enterprises, the seasonal heating capacity of the product evaluated at this time is 253.5 multiplied by 10 3 kWh, the power consumption in heating season is 110.2X10 3 kWh. The service period is 20 years, and the total power consumption is 2204 multiplied by 10 3 kWh. The carbon emissions generated during use were calculated from the national average power production (grid) emissions factor published by the ecological environment department, as detailed in table 9.
TABLE 9 carbon emissions during user use
Note that: national average power production (grid) emission factor is 0.5810tCO 2 MWh (ecological Environment department).
"use phase" presumes a difference specification: since the assumption existing in the use stage has a larger influence on the carbon footprint result, the report particularly states that the carbon footprint of the use stage is estimated according to the state related product standard, and the carbon footprint may be different from the carbon footprint in the actual use process.
2.4.3 stages of product transportation
The data of the product transportation stage adopts a distance distribution principle, and the carbon emission of the transportation stage of a single low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is calculated according to the average transportation mileage of 1000km of a truck with a transportation means of 10t of rated load.
| Project | Quantity of | Unit (B) |
| Average mileage of transportation | 1000 | km |
| Rated load of truck | 10 | t |
| Truck loading capacity | 200 | Cover |
| Truck full load fuel consumption | 27 | L/km |
| Density of diesel oil | 0.85 | kg/L |
| Carbon emission coefficient of diesel oil | 3.0959 | kgCO2/kg |
| Carbon emission during transportation | 71.0 | kg CO 2 e |
The total carbon emissions during the transport phase are calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP transport -total carbon emissions of the low ambient temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit during the transport phase, in units of: kgCO 2 e；
FC i，transport Class i energy consumption (herein referred to as diesel) during the transport phase, in units of: kg;
n-the number of types of energy consumed in the transport phase;
CEF i，transport -carbon emission coefficient of an energy source of the i-th type (herein diesel) in units of: kgCO 2 e/kg；
PC transport -power consumption in transportation phase, in units of: kWh;
calculated that the total carbon emission amount in the transportation stage is 71kg CO 2 e。
3.4.4 Each stage carbon footprint summarization
The carbon emissions for the user use phase are summarized in table 10.
Table 10 product carbon footprint summary
3. Sum of functional units of product
The functional unit of low-carbon performance evaluation of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is "heat provided by 1kWh is transferred from a room".
The calculation formula of the sum of the functional units of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is as follows:
TFU＝HSTL×L
wherein:
the annual energy consumption efficiency of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is tested and calculated according to a method specified by GB/T25127.1-2010 or GB/T25127.2-2010.
The sum of the functional units of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is calculated to be 5.07 multiplied by 10 6 kWh。
4. Carbon to effect ratio
The carbon efficiency ratio of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is the quotient of the carbon footprint and the sum of functional units, and is based on the formula
Calculated that the carbon efficiency ratio of the low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is 0.262kg CO 2e /kWh。
5. Evaluation of Low carbon Performance
The heating capacity of the evaluation object is 160kW, and the carbon efficiency ratio evaluation value of the low-carbon product is 0.322kg CO 2e /kWh. The carbon efficiency ratio of the air source heat pump (cold water) unit with low ambient temperature is 0.262kg CO 2e and/kWh, which is smaller than the low-carbon product evaluation value, does not meet the low-carbon product evaluation requirement, and the evaluation result is disqualification.
The above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and all kinds of modifications, substitutions or alterations made to the above-mentioned structures of the present application according to the above-mentioned general knowledge and conventional means of the art without departing from the basic technical ideas of the present application shall fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The metering method of the carbon efficiency ratio of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
wherein:
the carbon efficiency ratio of the CER-low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, namely the carbon dioxide equivalent discharged by the low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit for providing unit heat, is as follows: kg CO 2e /kWh；
Cfp—carbon footprint of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, namely total emission amount of greenhouse gas carbon in low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit system expressed by carbon dioxide equivalent based on life cycle evaluation of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit: kg CO 2e ；
TFU-total sum of functional units of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, i.e. total sum of heat provided during service life of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, unit: kWh.
2. The method for metering the carbon efficiency ratio of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon footprint comprises a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit raw material acquisition stage carbon emission, a production manufacturing stage carbon emission, a transportation stage carbon emission and a use stage carbon emission, and is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP-low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) machine set carbon footprint, the unit is: kg CO 2e ；
CFP material -total carbon emissions of raw materials of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in units of: kg CO 2e ；
CFP produce -total carbon emissions in the production phase of the low-temperature air-source heat pump (cold water) unit, in units of: kg CO 2e ；
CFP transport -total carbon emissions of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit during the transport phase, in units of: kg CO 2e ；
CFP use -total carbon emissions in the use phase of the low-temperature air-source heat pump (chiller) unit, in units of: kg CO 2e 。
3. The low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon efficiency ratio metering method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the total carbon emission amount of the raw material acquisition stage of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP material -total carbon emissions of raw materials of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in units of: kgCO 2e ；
CFP i，material -carbon emissions produced by the raw materials of class i during extraction and manufacture in units of: kgCO 2e ；
n-the kinds of raw materials contained in the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit;
the total carbon emission amount of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the production and manufacturing stage is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP produce -total carbon emissions in the production phase of the low-temperature air-source heat pump (cold water) unit, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
FC i，produce -energy consumption of the ith class in the production and manufacturing stage, the ith class being diesel or natural gas, in units of: kg or m 3 ；
CEF i，produce -carbon emission coefficient of energy source of class i, unit: kgCO 2e Kg or kgCO 2e /m 3 ；
n-the number of types of energy consumed in the production and manufacturing stage;
PC produce -power consumption in the production and manufacturing phase, in units of: kWh;
PEF-electric power emission factor in units of: kg CO 2e /kWh；
The total carbon emission amount of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the transportation stage is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
CFP transport -total carbon emissions of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit during the transport phase, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
FC i，transport -energy consumption of the ith class in the transport phase, the ith class being diesel or natural gas in units of: kg or m 3 ；
n-the number of types of energy consumed in the transport phase;
CEF i，transport -carbon emission coefficient of energy source of class i, unit: kgCO 2e Kg or kgCO 2e /m 3 ；
PC transport -power consumption in transportation phase, in units of: kWh;
the total carbon emission amount of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the using stage is calculated by the following formula:
CFP use ＝PC use ×PEF
wherein:
CFP use use of low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unitTotal carbon emissions of the stage, in units of: kgCO 2e ；
PC use -power consumption of the low temperature air source heat pump (chiller) unit in use phase: kWh;
PEF-electric power emission factor in units of: kgCO 2e /kWh；
The calculation formula of the power consumption of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit in the using stage is as follows:
wherein:
HSTL-seasonal heating quantity, unit is: kWh;
IPLV (H) -heating comprehensive part load coefficient of performance, the unit is: W/W;
l-service life of the low temperature heat pump unit is generally 10, and the unit is: years of life;
the calculation formula of the quaternary heating amount is as follows:
HSTL＝n×H×(A+B×75％+C×50％+D×25％)
n-the number of hours of operation in the heating season, in units of: h, performing H;
h-nominal heating capacity of the low temperature heat pump unit, wherein the unit is: kW.
4. A low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit carbon efficiency ratio metering method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the calculation formula of the sum of the functional units of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit is as follows:
TFU＝HSTL×L
wherein:
TFU-total sum of functional units of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, i.e. total sum of heat provided during service life of low temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit, unit: kWh.
HSTL-seasonal heating quantity, unit is: kWh;
l-service life of the low temperature heat pump unit is generally 10, and the unit is: year after year.
5. The evaluation method for low-carbon performance of the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit by adopting the carbon efficiency ratio obtained in the claim 4 comprises the following evaluation criteria:
1. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to low-temperature radiation heating tail ends, such as floor heating and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 35 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.191kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
2. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to low-temperature radiation heating tail ends, such as floor heating and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 35 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is greater than 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.191kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
3. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to forced convection heating tail ends, such as a fan coil, a forced convection low-temperature radiator and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 41 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.218kgCO 2e kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
4. for low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) units mainly applicable to forced convection heating tail ends, such as fan coils, forced convection low-temperature radiators and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 41 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is greater than 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.218kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
5. for a low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) unit mainly applicable to heating terminals combining natural convection and radiation, such as a fan coil, a low-temperature radiator and the like, the rated water outlet temperature is 55 ℃, and when the nominal heating capacity of the unit is less than or equal to 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.322kgCO 2e /kWh, the product is judged to be a low carbon product;
6. for the low-temperature air source heat pump (cold water) machine set mainly applicable to heating terminal combining natural convection and radiation, such as fan coil, low-temperature radiator and the like, its rated water outlet temperature is 55 ℃, when the nominal heating capacity of machine set is greater than that of machine setAt 35kW, the carbon efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.322kg CO 2e The product was judged to be a low carbon product.
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| CN115392665A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江理工大学 | Carbon neutralization quantification and evaluation method for silk product life cycle |
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