CN115618562A - Life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of ready-mixed concrete product and application - Google Patents
Life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of ready-mixed concrete product and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a life cycle carbon footprint accounting method and application of a ready-mixed concrete product, wherein the quantitative description of a system comprises greenhouse gas emission in three stages of production, transportation and construction of ready-mixed concrete so as to track and quantitatively research the life cycle carbon footprint of the ready-mixed concrete, the single-side carbon emission range of C15-C60 concrete is obtained by calculation and is 204.45-416.70kgCO2eq/m & lt 3 & gt, the stronger the concrete strength is, the larger the carbon emission is, and the carbon emission of the C60 concrete is 2.04 times that of the C15 concrete; analyzing from the weight angle of the carbon emission structure, the carbon emission introduced by the raw materials accounts for 97.14-99.47% of the total carbon emission of the concrete, and the average carbon emission is 98.36%; taking C35 as an example, the carbon emissions generated by the use of cement account for 80% to 82% of the total emissions; the carbon emission generated in the production stage and the transportation stage only accounts for about 1.64 percent of the total emission. According to the research result, the technology and data support are provided for carbon emission reduction in the building industry, and low-carbon green transformation of the industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building industry, in particular to a life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of a ready-mixed concrete product and application thereof.
Background
The product Life Cycle evaluation (LCA) is an international standard method (ISO 14040) for quantitatively evaluating the resource efficiency and the environmental impact of the whole production and consumption process of a product, provides a scientific and normative analysis method for the green development of various industries and various products, has been widely regarded at home and abroad in recent years, evaluates the environmental impact of the product at various stages through the LCA, can be used for guiding the product development/ecological design, helps enterprises make decisions, and provides a practical guiding practice scheme for executing the project of environment-friendly low-carbon product development; the building is an important field of carbon emission, and relates to an action subject which is important and complex for bearing the carbon emission reduction task, the complexity of the carbon emission problem in the building field is reflected in multiple dimensions and multiple stages, and the premixed concrete (commercial concrete) is a modern and civilized mark in the building and construction industries because of the advantages of the premixed concrete in terms of guaranteeing engineering quality, saving energy, reducing consumption, saving construction land, improving labor conditions, reducing environmental pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of a ready-mixed concrete product and application thereof in order to solve the technical problems in the background art, wherein the life cycle of the ready-mixed concrete product is divided into three stages, and an effective carbon footprint tracking method is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of a ready-mixed concrete product, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1, quantitatively describing greenhouse gas emission of a system in three stages including production, transportation and construction of the ready-mixed concrete so as to track and quantitatively research the carbon footprint of the life cycle of the ready-mixed concrete. Wherein, the production stage refers to the carbon emission of raw material introduction around production work and energy consumption in the production process; the transportation stage refers to carbon emission generated by fuel consumed by various vehicles after completing transportation work; the construction phase refers to the materials put in around the job, the mechanical energy consumption, and the carbon emissions brought by the staff.
Step S2, introducing carbon emission C into raw materials of the ready-mixed concrete product Y The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
C Y ＝∑Q i x EF i ； (1)
wherein, C Y Representing the carbon emission introduced by raw materials of a ready-mixed concrete product, wherein the unit is kilogram (kg), i represents the type of the raw materials, and the raw materials of the ready-mixed concrete mainly comprise: cement, sand, gravel, mineral powder, additives, swelling agents, polypropylene fibers, and the like; q i Represents the consumption of the i-th raw material in kilograms (kg); EF i Represents carbon dioxide emissions per kilogram (kgCO) of raw material production process of unit i type 2 /kg)。
S3, discharging amount C of carbon dioxide generated in the outsourced raw material factory external transportation process 1 The calculation formula of (c) is:
C 1 ＝∑Q i x D i xEF ij ； (2)
wherein, C 1 Represents the carbon dioxide emission generated in kilogram (C) ((B))kg); j represents the transportation mode of the raw materials, such as roads, railways, shipping and the like; d i Representing the transport distance of the i-th raw material, which is expressed in kilometers (km); EF ij Carbon dioxide emission factor in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilogram per kilometer (kgCO) representing a class j mode of transportation for a class i raw material 2 /kgkm)。
S4, carbon dioxide emission C generated in the plant area mobile source transportation process 2 Meter (2)
The calculation formula is as follows: c 2 ＝∑Q f xHV f xEF f x1000；(3)
Wherein, C 2 Representing the carbon dioxide emission generated in the process of transporting the mobile source in the factory, and the unit is kilogram (kg); f represents the fuel types, mainly gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and the like; q f Represents the consumption of the i-th fuel in the transportation process of mobile sources in a factory area, and the unit is ton (t) or ten thousand standard cubic meters (10) 4 Nm 3 )；HV f The average low-grade calorific value of the three-dimensional fuel f is represented by the unit of Ji Jiao Meidun (GJ/t) or Ji Jiao Meimo standard cubic meter (GJ/10) 4 Nm 3 )；EF f Represents the carbon dioxide emission factor in units of class f fuels, in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
Step S5, discharging amount C of carbon dioxide generated by outsourcing power consumption 3 Of (a) is calculated
Comprises the following steps: c 3 ＝E p xEF p ；(4)
Wherein E is p Represents the outsourcing power consumption in kilowatt-hour (KWh) in the production process; EF p Carbon dioxide emission factor, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kgCO), per unit of electrical power 2 /KWh)。
A calculation formula of carbon emission Co generated by the ready-mixed concrete product in the transportation stage is shown as
The following: c 0 ＝C 1 +C 2 +C 3 。(5)
Step S6, energy consumption carbon emission C in production process of premixed concrete N The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: c N ＝AD Heat of purchase xEF Heat of purchase x1000；(6)
Wherein, AD Heat of purchase Represents the amount of heat purchased in Gigajoules (GJ); EF Heat of purchase Represents a thermodynamic carbon dioxide emission factor in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
Step S7, the life cycle carbon footprints of the ready-mixed concrete can be summarized as follows:
C＝C Y +C N +C O (7)
wherein C represents the unit carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c Y Raw material introduction carbon emissions representing ready-mixed concrete products; c N Represents production energy consumption carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c O Representing the transport carbon emissions of the ready mixed concrete product.
In addition, the application of the accounting method in the technical scheme in the ready-mixed concrete products with different strength grades is also included.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a life cycle carbon footprint accounting method and application of a ready-mixed concrete product, wherein 10 specifications of brand products are selected based on the angle of the life cycle, the carbon footprint of the concrete product is calculated in two construction states of normal temperature and winter, and the single carbon emission range of C15-C60 concrete is 204.45-416.70kgCO2eq/m & lt 3 & gt through Gabi software modeling calculation, wherein the stronger the concrete strength is, the larger the carbon emission is, and the carbon emission of the C60 concrete is 2.04 times that of the C15 concrete; analyzing from the weight angle of the carbon emission structure, the carbon emission introduced by the raw materials accounts for 97.14-99.47% of the total carbon emission of the concrete, and the average carbon emission is 98.36%; taking C35 as an example, the carbon emissions generated by the use of cement account for 80% to 82% of the total emissions; the carbon emission generated in the production stage and the transportation stage only accounts for about 1.64 percent of the total emission. According to the research result, the technology and data support are provided for carbon emission reduction in the building industry, and low-carbon green transformation of the industry is promoted.
Revealing product lifecycle carbon footprints is of great significance to the development of product manufacturing enterprises; after the enterprise evaluates the greenhouse gas emission in the life cycle of the product, effective and feasible measures can be taken according to the evaluation result to reduce the carbon emission in the supply chain, so that the energy consumption of the enterprise can be reduced, the production cost can be saved, and the benefit can be improved; the carbon footprint is disclosed, which allows the consumer to keep track of the greenhouse gas emissions data of the product and understand the impact of the purchasing decisions made on the greenhouse gas emissions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a boundary view of a ready mixed concrete system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The life cycle carbon footprint accounting method for the ready-mixed concrete product provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
step S1, quantitatively describing greenhouse gas emission of a system in three stages including production, transportation and construction of the ready-mixed concrete so as to track and quantitatively research the carbon footprint of the life cycle of the ready-mixed concrete. Wherein, the production stage refers to carbon emission around the raw material introduction of production work and the energy consumption of the production process; the transportation stage refers to carbon emission generated by fuel consumed by various vehicles after completing transportation work; the construction phase refers to the materials put in around the job, the mechanical energy consumption, and the carbon emissions brought by the staff.
Step S2, introducing carbon emission C into raw materials of the ready-mixed concrete product Y Is calculated by
The formula is as follows: c Y ＝∑Q i x EF i ； (1)
Wherein, C Y Representing the carbon emission introduced by raw materials of a ready-mixed concrete product, wherein the unit is kilogram (kg), i represents the type of the raw materials, and the raw materials of the ready-mixed concrete mainly comprise: cement, sand, gravel, mineral powder, additives, swelling agents, polypropylene fibers, and the like; q i Represents the consumption of the i-th raw material in kilograms (kg); EF i Represents carbon dioxide emissions per kilogram (kgCO) of raw material production process of unit i type 2 /kg)。
S3, discharging amount C of carbon dioxide generated in outsourcing raw material factory transportation process 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
C 1 ＝∑Q i xD i xEF ij ； (2)
wherein, C 1 Representing the carbon dioxide emission generated in the outsourcing transportation process of outsourcing raw materials, and the unit is kilogram (kg); j represents the transportation mode of the raw materials, such as roads, railways, shipping and the like; d i Representing the transport distance of the i-th raw material, which is expressed in kilometers (km); EF ij Carbon dioxide emission factor in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilogram per kilometer (kgCO) representing a class j mode of transportation for a class i raw material 2 /kgkm)。
S4, carbon dioxide emission C generated in the plant area mobile source transportation process 2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
C 2 ＝∑Q f xHV f xEF f x1000； (3)
wherein, C 2 Representing the carbon dioxide emission generated in the process of transporting the mobile source in the factory, and the unit is kilogram (kg); f represents the fuel types, mainly gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and the like; q f Represents the consumption of the i-th fuel in the transportation process of mobile sources in a factory area, and the unit is ton (t) or ten thousand standard cubic meters (10) 4 Nm 3 )；HV f The average low-grade calorific value of the three-dimensional fuel f is represented by the unit of Ji Jiao Meidun (GJ/t) or Ji Jiao Meimo standard cubic meter (GJ/10) 4 Nm 3 )；EF f Representative of unit f type fuelCarbon dioxide emission factor in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
Step S5, carbon dioxide emission C generated by outsourcing power consumption 3 The calculation formula is as follows:
C 3 ＝E p xEF p ； (4)
wherein E is p Represents the outsourcing power consumption in kilowatt-hour (KWh) in the production process; EF p Represents a carbon dioxide emission factor per unit of electricity, in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kgCO) 2 /KWh)。
The calculation formula of the carbon emission Co generated by the ready-mixed concrete product in the transportation stage is as follows:
C 0 ＝C 1 +C 2 +C 3 。 (5)
step S6, energy consumption carbon emission C in production process of premixed concrete N The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
C N ＝AD heat of purchase xEF Heat of purchase x1000； (6)
Wherein, AD Heat of purchase Represents the amount of heat purchased in Gigajoules (GJ); EF Heat of purchase Carbon dioxide emission factor representing thermal power in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
Step S7, the life cycle carbon footprints of the ready-mixed concrete can be summarized as follows:
C＝C Y +C N +C O (7)
wherein C represents the unit carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c Y Raw material introduction carbon emissions representing ready-mixed concrete products; c N Represents production energy consumption carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c O Representing the transport carbon emissions of the ready mixed concrete product.
Example 2
In the embodiment, premixed concrete in the building industry is selected as a test object, life cycle-based carbon footprint evaluation is performed on the premixed concrete under different brands and different construction conditions, an evaluation model is established by utilizing Gab i software through field data collection and data distribution, and a carbon footprint evaluation result is obtained, wherein the evaluation takes production and transportation of every 1m & lt 3 & gt premixed concrete as a functional unit.
Because the premixed concrete has different proportions of raw materials and different temperature requirements on water and production conditions under different construction conditions, the consumption amount of resource energy is different, the method considers that the whole life cycle stage of the premixed concrete from production and transportation to construction, selects the stages of raw material mining, transportation and production, evaluates the carbon footprints of different brands of products under different construction conditions, the brands of the premixed concrete products selected for the method are respectively C15, C20, C25, C30 impervious, C35 impervious, C40 impervious, C45, C50, C55 and C60, and the production conditions are respectively construction states at normal temperature in summer and in winter.
The life cycle evaluation research is based on the related requirements of GB/T24040-2008 and GB/T24044-2008. The production characteristics of the premixed concrete belong to the single product of output, the input and output of raw materials are represented as a linear relation, and the material flow and the energy flow related to the evaluation are directly distributed to the functional units of concrete production.
The calculation of the carbon footprint of the ready-mixed concrete covers the stages of the life cycle from the production of raw materials to the delivery of the product, from cradle to gate, and the life cycle is determined to include the following 4 stages:
-production of raw materials;
-raw material transport;
-production of the product;
-transport of the product for delivery.
A boundary map of the ready mixed concrete system is established accordingly, as shown in fig. 1.
The activity level data collected for evaluation in this example are all from actual data on site, provided by a concrete production plant, and include data of cement, sand, gravel, mineral powder, swelling agent, additive, water, electricity, transportation, and the like, and the specific data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Ready-mixed concrete Life-cycle functional Unit carbon emission List data sheet
The evaluation of this embodiment includes the carbon emissions generated during the raw material extraction stage, and therefore the emission factors adopted include not only the emissions generated using the material, but also emissions inherited upstream; calculating by adopting data of the region and the technology or region average data in the database; the software and the database adopt GaB i software and database background data thereof.
According to the above requirements for setting the carbon emission boundary and the analysis of the carbon emission source, the carbon emission amount per concrete product can be calculated according to the following formula (7):
C＝C Y +C N +C O (7)
the carbon emissions for the functional units of ready-mix concrete products for the C15-C60 strength grades are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 carbon emissions of premixed concrete products for each functional unit of premixed concrete
TABLE 3 carbon emission of premixed concrete (Normal temperature construction conditions) products of strength class C15-C45 consuming various resources
TABLE 4 carbon emissions for various resources consumed by various strength grades of premixed concrete (winter construction conditions) in C15-C45 strength grades
Unit: kgCO 2 eq./m 3
As can be seen from tables 1 to 4, on the basis of the research data of the enterprise, the single-component carbon emission of the C15-C60 concrete is obtained by modeling calculation, the range of 204.45-416.70 kgCO2eq/m3 is obtained, the stronger the concrete strength is, the larger the carbon emission is, the carbon emission of the C60 concrete is 2.04 times that of the C15 concrete, analysis is carried out from the weight angle of a carbon emission structure, the carbon emission introduced by raw materials accounts for 97.14-99.47% of the total carbon emission of the concrete, the average carbon emission is 98.36%, and the carbon emission generated in the production stage and the transportation stage only accounts for about 1.64% of the total emission; for carbon emission introduced by raw materials, taking C35 as an example, wherein the carbon emission generated by using cement accounts for 80% -82% of the total emission, the sand accounts for about 6.8% -9%, the fly ash accounts for 5.2% -5.3%, and the transportation accounts for less than 2%; with the increase of the grade, the water consumption in the production process is reduced, and the carbon emission generated by the water consumption accounts for less than 0.005 percent of the total emission.
From the above analysis, the main influencing factor of the carbon emission of the concrete is the use of the single-material concrete, and the greater the cement consumption, the greater the emission, which is related to the mixing ratio of the raw materials; secondly, carbon emission in a transportation stage, which comprises transportation of raw materials and transportation of products leaving factories after production; at present, the transportation mode of the plant is a natural gas truck, and carbon emission in the transportation stage is greatly reduced.
Meanwhile, according to data analysis, the carbon emission of the same-grade concrete under the normal-temperature construction condition is larger than that of the concrete under the winter construction condition, and the consumption of electric power is increased because the mixing amount of the raw materials is larger than that of the raw materials such as cement, mineral powder, fly ash and additives under the winter construction condition, the requirement on the temperature of water is higher.
And (4) conclusion:
according to the method, based on the angle of the life cycle, the system boundary of the concrete product from the cradle to the gate is selected, the raw material is transported into a factory from the beginning of mining of the raw material to the end of production of the concrete product, and the calculation model is established through Gab i software when the product leaves the factory and reaches the factory site. Selecting 10 specifications of products with the grades of C15-C60, wherein the products comprise impermeability, and are divided into two construction states of normal temperature and winter, and calculating the carbon footprint of the concrete product. The carbon emission mainly comes from the stages of raw materials, transportation and product production, wherein the carbon emission introduced by the raw materials accounts for 98.36 percent of the total emission of the concrete, and is a main factor influencing the carbon emission of the concrete; in the raw material types, the cement accounts for the highest emission ratio, taking C35 as an example, and accounts for about 80%; the carbon emission of the concrete with the same grade is higher than that of the concrete in summer in the construction state in winter, and the concrete is mainly influenced by the participation of the concrete proportion, the water and electricity consumption and the like; the average carbon emission in the transportation stage and the production stage is 1.64% of the total emission of the concrete, and is not taken as a main influence factor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The life cycle carbon footprint accounting method of the ready-mixed concrete product is characterized in that the quantitative description of the system comprises greenhouse gas emission of three stages of production, transportation and construction of the ready-mixed concrete so as to track and quantitatively research the life cycle carbon footprint of the ready-mixed concrete.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon footprint of the ready-mix concrete product's life cycle is calculated by introducing a carbon emission C into the ready-mix concrete product's raw materials Y The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: c Y ＝∑Q i x EF i ；
Wherein, C Y Representing the carbon emission introduced by raw materials of a ready-mixed concrete product, wherein the unit is kilogram (kg), i represents the type of the raw materials, and the raw materials of the ready-mixed concrete mainly comprise: cement, sand, gravel, mineral powder, additives, swelling agents, polypropylene fibers, and the like; q i Represents the consumption of the i-th raw material in kilograms (kg); EF i Represents carbon dioxide emissions per kilogram (kgCO) of raw material production process of unit i type 2 /kg)。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide emissions C from the off-site transportation of the outsourced raw materials are calculated 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
C 1 ＝∑Q i x D i xEF ij ；
wherein, C 1 Representing the carbon dioxide emission generated in the outsourcing transportation process of outsourcing raw materials, and the unit is kilogram (kg); j represents the transportation mode of the raw materials, such as roads, railways, shipping and the like; d i Representing the transport distance of the i-th raw material, which is expressed in kilometers (km); EF ij Carbon dioxide emission factor in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilogram per kilometer (kgCO) representing a class j mode of transportation for a class i raw material 2 /kgkm)。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide emissions C generated during the transportation of the mobile source in the plant area are calculated 2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: c 2 ＝∑Q f xHV f xEF f x1000；
Wherein, C 2 Representing the carbon dioxide emission generated in the process of transporting the mobile source in the factory, and the unit is kilogram (kg); f represents the fuel types, mainly gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and the like; q f Represents the consumption of the i-th fuel in the transportation process of mobile sources in a factory area, and the unit is ton (t) or ten thousand standard cubic meters (10) 4 Nm 3 )；HV f The average low-grade calorific value of the three-dimensional fuel f is represented by the unit of Ji Jiao Meidun (GJ/t) or Ji Jiao Meimo standard cubic meter (GJ/10) 4 Nm 3 )；EF f Represents the carbon dioxide emission factor in units of class f fuels, in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide emissions C from outsourcing power consumption are calculated 3, The calculation formula of (c) is: c 3 ＝E p xEF p ；
Wherein E is p Represents the outsourcing power consumption in kilowatt-hour (KWh) in the production process; EF p Represents a carbon dioxide emission factor per unit of electricity, in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kgCO) 2 /KWh)；
The calculation formula of the carbon emission Co generated by the ready-mixed concrete product in the transportation stage is as follows: c 0 ＝C 1 +C 2 +C 3 。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon footprint of the life cycle of the ready-mixed concrete product is calculated based on the carbon emission C consumed by the energy source during the production of the ready-mixed concrete product N The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: c N ＝AD Heat of purchase xEF Heat of purchase x1000；
Wherein, AD Heat of purchase Represents the heat purchased in giga-joules (GJ); EF Heat of purchase Represents a thermodynamic carbon dioxide emission factor in tons of carbon dioxide per giga of coke (tCO) 2 /GJ)。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the life cycle carbon footprint of the ready mixed concrete product is summarized as:
C＝C Y +C N +C O
wherein C represents the unit carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c Y Raw material introduction carbon emissions representing ready-mixed concrete products; c N Represents the production energy consumption carbon emission of the ready-mixed concrete product; c O Representing the transport carbon emissions of the ready mixed concrete product.
8. Use of the accounting method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to obtain ready-mixed concrete products of different strength classes.
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| CN116992186B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2024-05-03 | 威凯认证检测有限公司 | Low-ambient-temperature air source heat pump unit carbon efficiency ratio metering method and low-carbon performance evaluation method |
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