CN116989680B - Fiber bragg grating monitoring device and method for joints in shield segment assembly process - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating monitoring device and method for joints in shield segment assembly process Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shield segment testing, and particularly relates to a fiber bragg grating monitoring device and a method for joints in a shield segment assembling process, wherein the device comprises a displacement data transmission part and a displacement data measurement part; the displacement data transmission part mainly comprises a shield segment bulge, and is cast together with the segment main body when the shield segment is manufactured; the displacement data measuring part mainly comprises a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, a sealing glass cover and a metal packaging box, wherein the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is fixed in the metal packaging box through bolts, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is sealed in the metal packaging box by a special fragile sealing glass cover, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and the metal packaging box are embedded in a shield segment together, the sealing glass cover is tightly attached to the outer wall of the shield segment one and is leveled with the outer wall of the shield segment, so that shield segment bulges on the other shield segment break through the glass sealing cover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shield segment testing, and particularly relates to a fiber bragg grating monitoring device and method for joints in a shield segment assembling process.
Background
The shield segment is a main assembly component for shield construction, is the innermost barrier of a tunnel, and plays roles of resisting soil layer pressure, underground water pressure and some special loads. The shield segment is a permanent lining structure of the tunnel by a shield method, and whether joints are strictly and directly related to the overall quality and safety of the tunnel in the assembly process of the shield segment influences the waterproof performance and the durability of the tunnel.
The monitoring of joints in the shield segment splicing process is very important in the construction process, the splicing and service states of the joints in the splicing process can be reflected through real-time monitoring of the joints, the abnormal splicing condition can be found in time, and the method plays a vital role in the splicing condition and operation maintenance of the joints. At present, most of the shield segment splicing joints are monitored after splicing, so that real-time monitoring on the joint condition in the splicing process cannot be realized, and the safety monitoring requirements of major civil engineering and the like on the whole life cycle cannot be met.
The fiber grating sensing technology has rapid development in recent years, uses light as a sensing output signal, has stable and anti-interference signals, can realize ultra-long distance transmission of the signals and has small attenuation, and the sensor has good stability and durability, is very suitable for long-term and real-time safety monitoring, and has wide application prospect in the field of operation and maintenance safety monitoring of major engineering.
The Chinese patent application No. 201921317411.8 discloses a shield segment joint deformation measuring device, which measures the deformation condition of the shield segment joint through two leveling bars, a pointer fixed at the top end of the leveling bars and a protractor. However, the method is complicated and can not measure the joint condition in the assembly process of the shield segment by using a level bar and a protractor to measure the shield segment by the traditional method. The Chinese patent application No. 202120747308.8 discloses a shield segment joint deformation measuring device, which is complex in structure, measurement hysteresis cannot realize measurement monitoring functions in the assembling process, and has many links to develop in processing preparation and engineering installation, so that the engineering convenience is not enough.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: the existing monitoring of the splicing seams of the shield segments is carried out after splicing, real-time monitoring of the seam condition in the splicing process cannot be carried out, particularly the splicing condition of the shield segments on the side, close to the tunnel wall, which cannot be seen by naked eyes is not achieved, so that whether the splicing quality meets the standard or not is difficult to judge, and the safety monitoring requirements of heavy civil engineering and the like on the whole life cycle of construction, operation and maintenance cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fiber grating monitoring device and a method for joints in the shield segment assembling process.
The invention is realized in such a way that the fiber bragg grating monitoring device of the joint in the shield segment assembling process comprises a displacement data transmission part and a displacement data measurement part;
the displacement data transmission part mainly comprises a shield segment bulge, and is cast together with the segment main body when the shield segment is manufactured;
the displacement data measuring part mainly comprises a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, a sealing glass cover and a metal packaging box, wherein the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is fixed in the metal packaging box through bolts, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is sealed in the metal packaging box by a special fragile sealing glass cover, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and the metal packaging box are embedded in a shield segment together, the sealing glass cover is tightly attached to the outer wall of the shield segment one and is leveled with the outer wall of the shield segment, so that shield segment bulges on the other shield segment break through the glass sealing cover.
Further, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is of a cuboid box-shaped structure, and comprises a long measuring rod, a main body part and a sensor tail fiber, wherein the long measuring rod is arranged on one side of the long measuring rod, the main body part is always extended out, and the sensor tail fiber is arranged on one side of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and is led out to a metal box pre-buried in a shield segment; when assembled in the metal packaging box, the measuring rod is compressed due to the sealing glass cover, the front end of the measuring rod is propped against the glass sealing cover, the measuring rod can elastically shrink freely in the sensor, and two optical fibers are led out from the other side of the measuring rod for measuring displacement deformation caused by the protrusion in the shield segment splicing process.
Further, the sealing glass cover is arranged on one side of the metal box and used for sealing the sensor, the glass sealing cover is positioned at the edge of the shield segment and is made of fragile glass materials, and glass fragments with smaller volumes can be broken when the glass fragments are broken, so that the protruding progress of the shield segment on the other side can not be influenced.
Further, the metal packaging box is made of metal and used for packaging the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, and the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is arranged in the metal packaging box so as to seal the glass cover, and the metal packaging box is pre-buried in the shield segment during manufacture of the shield segment.
Further, the shield segment bulge is a cylindrical bulge on the side surface of the shield segment and is used for breaking through the sealing glass cover in the assembling process, extending into the metal packaging box, propping against the measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and exerting deformation displacement action on the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor.
Further, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor encapsulated in the shield segment can measure the real-time displacement deformation in the splicing process, so that the joint in the splicing process is monitored.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring a fiber bragg grating of a joint in a shield segment assembly process of the fiber bragg grating monitoring device for realizing a joint in a shield segment assembly process, including:
s1, setting a preset value of displacement measured by an optical fiber grating displacement sensor before shield segment assembly, comparing whether the data of the optical fiber grating displacement sensor in the shield segment reach the preset value according to the preset value when the deviation of the displacement data measured by the optical fiber grating displacement sensor is found, and judging that two shield segments are not fully attached in the assembly process of the shield segment at one side if the displacement data measured by a plurality of optical fiber grating displacement sensors at one side of the shield segment do not reach the preset value, and finding a position which is not fully attached through a preset sensor serial number;
s2, in the shield segment assembling process, the convex part of one shield segment breaks through the packaging thin wall of the other segment, the glass packaging thin wall is broken into glass fragments, the fragments cannot influence the convex progress of the shield segment at the other side, after the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor in the metal sealing box is extruded by the convex, the internal fiber bragg grating generates wavelength drift, the central wavelength changes, the measured data can be collected after the central wavelength changes are output by the demodulator, and the joint situation in the shield segment packaging process is judged according to the measured data.
S3, after the assembly of the monitoring device is completed, the tail end of a measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor positioned in the metal packaging box is propped against the inner side of the sealing glass sheet, the measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is a long telescopic rod, two tail fibers are led out from the tail part of the measuring rod, the sensor is led out to a metal box reserved in the shield segment, and the led tail fibers are connected with a demodulator to measure data measured by the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor during measurement.
S4, continuously monitoring joints in a subsequent engineering operation service process after the pipe pieces are spliced, processing long-period monitoring data to obtain long-term deformation information of the pipe piece joints, and combining three-dimensional software to perform three-dimensional modeling on the pipe pieces to present a three-dimensional real-time dynamic process from installation to service process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, where the computer device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for monitoring the fiber bragg grating of the joint in the shield segment assembly process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of a method for monitoring a fiber grating of a joint in a shield segment assembly process.
Firstly, the fiber bragg grating monitoring device provided by the invention can monitor the joint condition in real time in the assembly process of the shield segment, particularly monitor the splicing condition of one side of the shield segment, which is close to the tunnel wall and cannot be seen by naked eyes in the assembly process, so that the information monitoring of the whole section of the shield segment is realized, the splicing condition can be better mastered, and a reliable technology is provided for guaranteeing the splicing quality and engineering safety. The joints can be continuously monitored in the subsequent service process after the duct pieces are spliced.
The joint can be continuously monitored in the subsequent engineering operation service process after the pipe piece is spliced, long-term deformation information of the pipe piece joint can be obtained by processing long-period monitoring data, three-dimensional modeling is performed on the pipe piece by combining three-dimensional software, and a three-dimensional real-time dynamic process from installation to service process is presented.
Secondly, after the technical scheme is converted, high-value data support can be provided for the safety construction and operation of the shield tunnel, and economic and social benefits are provided for the operation and maintenance of management fees and public safety guarantee.
The technical scheme of the invention solves the problems of quality evaluation and state analysis of shield segment assembly, which are required to be solved all the time, in particular to the difficult problem of whether all the parts of the segment cross section are tightly spliced.
Thirdly, the remarkable technical progress of the fiber grating monitoring device for the joint in the shield segment assembling process is achieved. The following technical advances are:
1. accurate monitoring is realized: because the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is used, accurate real-time monitoring of joint displacement can be realized in the segment assembly process. The method can help engineering personnel obtain timely feedback and adjust the construction scheme according to the requirement so as to improve the segment assembly quality.
2. The construction safety is improved: through real-time monitoring seam displacement, safety problems such as excessive displacement or abnormal displacement change can be found in time, so that the safety of the construction process is improved.
3. The construction efficiency is improved: through real-time monitoring and feedback, construction suspension caused by joint problems can be reduced, and thus construction efficiency is improved.
4. Enhancing device durability: because the monitoring device is pre-buried in the shield segment, and the displacement sensor is sealed by special fragile sealed glass cover, this kind of design can protect the sensor from physical damage in the work progress to the durability of reinforcing device.
5. The maintenance cost is reduced: because the monitoring device is pre-buried in the shield segment, the external maintenance requirement on monitoring equipment is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the whole structure of a fiber grating monitoring device for joints in the shield segment assembly process, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the whole monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fiber grating displacement sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall cross-sectional structure of a metal packaging box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an external overall structure of a spliced two shield segments according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a side view section of a two shield segments spliced according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial detailed cross-sectional structure of a two shield segments after splicing.
In the figure, 1, a fiber grating displacement sensor; 2. sealing the glass cover; 3. a metal packaging box; 4. protruding shield segment; 5. a telescopic long measuring rod; 6. a displacement sensor body; 7. a sensor pigtail; 8. glass fragments.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fiber grating monitoring device and a method for joints in the shield segment assembling process, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the fiber bragg grating monitoring device for a joint in a shield segment assembly process provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises:
the optical fiber grating displacement sensor 1, the sealing glass cover 2, the metal packaging box 3 and the shield segment bulge 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 is a cuboid box-shaped structure, and comprises a telescopic long measuring rod 5, a displacement sensor main body 6 and a sensor tail fiber 7, wherein the telescopic long measuring rod is positioned at one side of the telescopic long measuring rod, the displacement sensor main body 6 is always extended, the sensor tail fiber 7 is positioned at one side of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1, and the sensor tail fiber 7 is led out to a metal packaging box 3 pre-buried in a shield segment. When the metal packaging box 3 is assembled, the telescopic long measuring rod 5 is compressed due to the sealing glass cover 2, the telescopic long measuring rod 5 is compressed, the front end of the long measuring rod 5 is propped against the glass sealing cover 2, the telescopic long measuring rod 5 can elastically shrink freely in the sensor, and two optical fibers are led out from the other side of the telescopic long measuring rod, so that displacement deformation caused by protrusion in the shield segment splicing process is measured.
And the glass cover 2 is sealed on one side of the metal packaging box 3 and is used for sealing the sensor, the glass sealing cover 2 is positioned at the edge of the shield segment and is made of fragile glass, and can be broken into small glass fragments 8 when broken, so that the protruding progress of the shield segment on the other side can not be influenced.
The metal packaging box 3 is made of metal and is used for packaging the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 is arranged in the metal packaging box, the metal packaging box is sealed by a sealing glass cover 2, and the metal packaging box is pre-buried in the shield segment during shield segment manufacturing.
As shown in fig. 2, the shield segment bulge 4 is a cylindrical bulge on the side surface of the shield segment, breaks through the sealing glass cover 2 in the assembly process, stretches into the metal packaging box 3, butts against the measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1, and applies deformation displacement action to the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1.
As shown in fig. 4, after the assembly is completed, the tail end of the telescopic long measuring rod 5 of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 is propped against the inner side of the glass sealing cover 2, the telescopic long measuring rod is sealed by the metal packaging box 3 and is pre-buried in the shield segment, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 is fixed in the metal packaging box 3 by bolts to avoid the influence of the motion condition of the sensor on monitoring data, and in the segment casting process, the number of the pre-buried fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 and the shield segment protrusions 4 on another shield segment can be changed according to the monitoring condition actually required on site, so that the method can adapt to various different site monitoring conditions.
The working principle of the technical scheme is mainly based on the characteristics of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. FBGs are an optical fiber sensor that processes a portion of the area in the optical fiber into periodic refractive index changes. When the external environment (e.g., temperature, pressure) changes, the reflection spectrum of the FBG will change. By measuring the change in the reflectance spectrum, information about the change in the external environment can be obtained.
In the technical scheme, the FBG displacement sensor is pre-buried in the shield segment. The convex portion of each segment breaks through the sealing glass cover 2 when a new segment is pushed in, so that the measuring rod is pressed and contracted inwards. This action will change the reflection spectrum of the FBG.
The tail fiber of the FBG displacement sensor is led out of the duct piece and connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulator. The demodulator can measure the change of the reflection spectrum and calculate the displacement according to the spectrum change. Thus, engineering personnel can monitor the joint displacement of the shield segment in real time.
Because the FBG displacement sensor is pre-buried in the shield segment, the FBG displacement sensor can be continuously monitored in the whole construction process without being influenced by the construction process. This greatly increases the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring, so that the construction quality and safety can be better ensured.
The fiber bragg grating displacement sensor 1 encapsulated in the shield segment can measure the real-time displacement deformation in the splicing process, so that the joint in the splicing process is monitored.
Taking the shield segment provided with six fiber bragg grating displacement sensors as an example, when the shield segment joint monitoring is started, the six fiber bragg grating displacement sensors are connected with a demodulator to synchronously monitor, and simultaneously output measured displacement measurement data, so that the shield segment joint splicing condition can be monitored according to different measured displacement measurement data of all the sensors, and the following conditions are taken as examples:
1. when the displacement data measured by the six fiber bragg grating displacement sensors are the same and reach preset displacement data, the two shield segments are completely attached in the splicing process.
2. When displacement data measured by one or a plurality of fiber bragg grating displacement sensors in a certain direction are smaller than preset displacement data, it can be judged that two shield segments are not completely attached in the direction, and therefore the function of monitoring the joint condition in real time in the shield segment splicing process is achieved.
In this embodiment, the whole assembly of the measuring device of the present invention is required:
the fiber bragg grating monitoring device for the joint seam in the shield segment assembling process can be mainly divided into two parts, namely a displacement data transmission part and a displacement data measurement part.
As shown in fig. 5, the displacement data transmission part mainly comprises shield segment protrusions 4, the protrusions on one side of the shield segment are cast together with the segment body during manufacture of the shield segment, in this embodiment, six shield segment protrusions 4 are arranged side by side and evenly distributed on one side of the shield segment, and in an actual monitoring site, the corresponding number of the shield segment protrusions can be increased or decreased in advance according to the requirement of the monitoring site so as to adapt to different detection site conditions.
A fiber bragg grating monitoring method of a joint in a shield segment assembling process comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a preset value of displacement measured by an optical fiber grating displacement sensor before shield segment assembly, comparing whether the data of the optical fiber grating displacement sensor in the shield segment reach the preset value according to the preset value when the deviation of the displacement data measured by the optical fiber grating displacement sensor is found, and judging that two shield segments are not fully attached in the assembly process of the shield segment at one side if the displacement data measured by a plurality of optical fiber grating displacement sensors at one side of the shield segment do not reach the preset value, and finding a position which is not fully attached through a preset sensor serial number;
s2, as shown in FIG. 6, in the shield segment assembling process, the convex part of one shield segment breaks the encapsulation thin wall of the other segment, the glass encapsulation thin wall is broken into glass fragments 8, the fragments can not influence the convex progress of the shield segment at the other side, after the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor in the metal sealing box is extruded by the convex, the internal fiber bragg grating generates wavelength drift, the central wavelength changes, the measured data can be collected after the central wavelength changes are output by the demodulator, and the joint situation in the shield segment encapsulation process is judged according to the measured data, and because the shield segment side surface is provided with a plurality of convex parts and a plurality of corresponding fiber bragg grating displacement sensors in the other shield segment, whether the joint is tight or not can be judged through the data difference of different fiber bragg grating displacement sensors.
S3, as shown in FIG. 7, after the assembly of the monitoring device is completed, the tail end of a measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor positioned in the metal packaging box is propped against the inner side of the sealing glass sheet, the measuring rod of the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is a long telescopic rod, two tail fibers are led out from the tail part, the sensor is led out to the metal box reserved in the shield segment, and the led tail fibers are connected with a demodulator to measure data measured by the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor during measurement.
The application embodiment of the invention provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the fiber bragg grating monitoring method of the joint in the shield segment assembly process.
The application embodiment of the invention provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of a fiber bragg grating monitoring method for joints in the shield segment assembly process.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is applied to the shield tunnel of the subway. In the construction process of the river-crossing tunnel, the shield segments are strictly installed, the sections of two segments which are spliced and contacted are completely strictly ensured, or water seepage and mud seepage are easily caused, and engineering safety is threatened. By adopting the monitoring scheme provided by the invention in construction of the river bottom tunnel, six fiber bragg grating displacement sensor measuring points are arranged on four splicing surfaces of the duct piece, the initial indication value of 24 sensors is 240 mm, and the preset value of the splicing tight state is 120 mm. The signal of the monitoring device is used for being led to a project monitoring hall in a long-distance manner by a multi-core optical cable, engineering technicians observe the change condition of splicing joints in the segment splicing process, and timely adjust the information of the force, angle, torque and the like applied by installation until all the fiber bragg grating sensors reach a preset displacement value of 120 mm, so that the correct and tight installation of all the splicing surfaces of the segment is ensured.
Example 1: tunnel construction
In large-scale tunnel construction projects, the fiber bragg grating monitoring device can be used for monitoring the joint displacement of the shield segment. In the production process of the shield segment, the displacement data transmission part (the shield segment bulge) and the segment main body are cast and molded together. The displacement data measuring part (mainly composed of a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, a sealing glass cover and a metal packaging box) is pre-buried in the shield segment.
When the tunnel construction is started, every time a new shield segment is pushed in, the protruding part of the shield segment breaks through the sealing glass cover, so that the measuring rod is pressed and contracted inwards, and the reflection spectrum of the fiber bragg grating is changed. By analyzing the change of the reflection spectrum, the condition of joint displacement can be monitored in real time, so that the construction quality and the safety are improved.
Example 2: urban subway construction
In the construction process of urban subways, the construction difficulty is high due to the fact that the underground space is complex, and therefore real-time monitoring of the joint displacement of the shield segments is more needed. In the segment production process, the device is pre-buried in the shield segment in the same way.
In subway construction process, along with new section of jurisdiction advances, the device will monitor the seam displacement in real time, provides the real-time feedback about displacement variation, helps the construction team in time adjust construction scheme, improves the efficiency of construction, reduces the construction delay because of the seam problem leads to.
Note that both of the above embodiments assume applicability and effectiveness of the use of the device. In practice, some adjustments may be required depending on the specific engineering conditions and requirements.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The fiber bragg grating monitoring device for the joint in the shield segment assembling process is characterized by comprising a displacement data transmission part and a displacement data measurement part; the displacement data transmission part mainly comprises a shield segment bulge, and is cast together with the segment main body when the shield segment is manufactured; the displacement data measuring part mainly comprises a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, a sealing glass cover and a metal packaging box, wherein the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is fixed in the metal packaging box through bolts, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is sealed in the metal packaging box by the sealing glass cover, the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor and the metal packaging box are pre-buried in a shield segment together, the sealing glass cover is tightly attached to the outer wall of a first shield segment and is leveled with the outer wall of the shield segment, so that shield segment bulges on the other shield segment break through the glass sealing cover;
the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is of a cuboid box-shaped structure and comprises a long measuring rod, a main body part and a sensor tail fiber, wherein the long measuring rod is positioned at one side and extends all the time;
when assembled in the metal packaging box, the measuring rod is compressed due to the sealing glass cover, the front end of the measuring rod is propped against the glass sealing cover, the measuring rod can elastically shrink freely in the sensor, and two optical fibers are led out from the other side of the measuring rod for measuring displacement deformation caused by the protrusion in the shield segment splicing process.
2. The fiber bragg grating monitoring device for joints in the shield segment assembling process according to claim 1, wherein a sealing glass cover is arranged on one side of the metal box and is used for sealing the sensor, the glass sealing cover is positioned at the edge of the shield segment and is made of fragile glass, and the glass sealing cover can be broken into glass fragments with smaller volumes during breaking, so that the protruding progress of the shield segment on the other side is not affected.
3. The fiber bragg grating monitoring device for joints in the shield segment assembling process according to claim 1, wherein the metal packaging box is a metal packaging box for packaging the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, and the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor is arranged inside the metal packaging box so as to seal the glass cover, and is pre-buried inside the segment during the shield segment manufacturing.
4. The fiber bragg grating monitoring device for joints in the assembly process of shield segments according to claim 1, wherein the shield segment protrusions are cylindrical protrusions on the side surfaces of the shield segments for breaking through the sealing glass cover in the assembly process.
5. The fiber bragg grating monitoring device for joints in the shield segment splicing process according to claim 1, wherein the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor encapsulated in the shield segment can measure the real-time displacement deformation in the splicing process, so as to monitor the joints in the splicing process.
6. A method for monitoring a fiber bragg grating of a joint in a shield segment assembly process, which is applied to the fiber bragg grating monitoring device of the joint in the shield segment assembly process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: before shield segment assembly, setting a preset value for measuring displacement by the fiber grating displacement sensor, and comparing whether the data of the fiber grating displacement sensor in the shield segment reach a predicted value or not according to the preset value when the deviation of the displacement data measured by the fiber grating displacement sensor is found.
7. The method for monitoring the fiber bragg grating of the joint in the shield segment assembly process according to claim 6, wherein if displacement data measured by a plurality of fiber bragg grating displacement sensors on one side of the shield segment does not reach a preset value, it can be judged that two shield segments are not fully attached in the shield segment assembly process on the side, and a position which is not fully attached can be found through a preset sensor serial number.
8. The method for monitoring the fiber bragg grating of the joint in the shield segment assembling process according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the shield segment assembling process, the convex part of one shield segment breaks through the packaging thin wall of the other segment, the glass packaging thin wall is broken into glass fragments, the fragments cannot influence the convex progress of the shield segment on the other side, after the fiber bragg grating displacement sensor in the metal sealing box is extruded by the convex, the internal fiber bragg grating generates wavelength drift, the central wavelength change can be output through the demodulator to collect measured data, and the joint condition in the shield segment packaging process is judged according to the measured data.
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