CN102102537B - Tunnel surrounding rock radial stress strain distributed monitoring technology - Google Patents
Tunnel surrounding rock radial stress strain distributed monitoring technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering monitoring, and relates to a distributed optical fiber sensing technology-based tunnel surrounding rock radial stress strain distributed monitoring technology. A distributed optical fiber sensor is conveyed to a hole bottom of a radial monitoring hole through a supporting rod member; the supporting rod member (1) and a grouting exhaust pipe (13) are plugged in the hole at a hole orifice through a hole orifice fixing system; a grouting hole (4) is connected to a grouting machine through a grouting pipe; a gap between the optical fiber sensor and a surrounding rock is filled by injecting grout which is matched with modulus of deformation of the surrounding rock into the hole, so that the optical fiber sensor and the surrounding rock cooperatively deform; the optical fiber sensor comprises a distributed optical fiber strain optical fiber sensor and a temperature optical fiber sensor; the distributed optical fiber sensor of each monitoring hole is connected in series to an optical fiber strain analyzer Brillouin optical time domain reflectormeter (BOTDR) by fusion welding; measurement and positioning functions of Brillouin frequency shift on each point of an optical fiber are finished by measuring power of received Brillouin backscattered light; and strain distribution and temperature distribution in the radial direction in the surrounding rock can be obtained to evaluate and forecast the stability of the surrounding rock according to the linear relation between the Brillouin frequency shift and the strain as well as the temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geotechnical engineering monitoring technical field, relate to a kind of tunnel surrounding radial deformation distributed monitoring technology based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques.
Background technology
China is in the large-scaled construction period at present, a large amount of construction of tunnel occurred in every field such as traffic, national defence, water conservancies.In constructing tunnel and use procedure, the ess-strain of country rock will change, and guarantee that surrounding rock stability is safely an extremely important task.Tunnel surrounding radial stresses strain monitoring is to determine tunnel surrounding relaxation zone influence basin, judgement surrounding rock stability, grasps surrouding rock stress strain development and change rule, Main Means and the foundation of assessment supporting effect.
In the tunnel excavation process, because a side ground is cut out country rock is produced Unloading Effect, country rock is nonequilibrium condition from the balancing of stresses state-transition, often needs to make country rock again reach the stability that an equilibrium state is kept country rock by supporting and protection structure in the constructing tunnel process.In the heavy distributed process of surrouding rock stress, will produce a wall rock loosening ring, it is outer then substantially unaffected that the ess-strain that the Rock And Soil in the circle will occur directly to make progress changes circle.It is to determine the wall rock loosening ring influence basin that country rock radial deformation etc. is monitored, and the stability and safety that guarantees country rock is one of the most reliable method.The more common Contents for Monitoring of Analyses of Tunnel Wall Rock Stability safety monitoring has surrouding rock deformation displacement monitoring, supporting and protection structure and the monitoring of country rock contact stress etc., and these Contents for Monitorings are mainly realized by electric measuring type sensor (displacement meter, stressometer, earth pressure cell etc.) and optical gauge (level gauge, total powerstation etc.).These monitoring meanss can only monitor the information on some country rock interfaces and can't understand the ess-strain situation of whole country rock inside; Conventional sensors mostly is point sensor, large when the monitored area scope, need to lay a large amount of sensors when the monitoring point space density is had relatively high expectations, this must cause the sharp increase of monitoring complexity and expense, and lack contact between the monitored data, can't reflect the deformation rule of country rock integral body.In addition, conventional electric measuring type sensing element, owing to being corroded interference with thunder and lightning etc., application life and stability are difficult to satisfy the requirement of long term monitoring.Therefore a kind of brand-new distributed optical fiber sensing method has great significance to the monitoring of tunnel surrounding in the modern project.
Based on Brillouin light time domain reflection technology (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectormeter, abbreviation: distributed sensing technology BOTDR) is to research and develop in recent years a sophisticated technology in the optoelectronic information field, it is except having the characteristics such as corrosion-resistant, anti-interference of general optical fiber sensing technology, the most important thing is to have the characteristics of distributed measurement, can obtain strain and the temperature information of optical fiber arbitrfary point along the line.This technology is used for the tunnel surrounding radial deformation monitoring, estimates wall rock loosening ring, the stability of country rock is carried out Evaluation and Prediction.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that exists in the monitoring of present country rock, the characteristics that the integrating tunnel surrouding rock stress heavily distributes propose a kind of monitoring technology of the tunnel wall rock deformation based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of tunnel surrounding radial stresses stress distribution formula monitoring technology radially drills through monitoring holes along the tunnel; Distributed fiberoptic sensor delivered to the hole of monitoring holes radially by the supporting rod of fixed support system at the bottom of; The place, aperture is by aperture fixed system fixed support rod member, grouting air-discharging pipe and shutoff aperture; Fill Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock space by grouting mode, make Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock compatible deformation; Fibre Optical Sensor comprises distributive fiber optic strain sensor and temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor, and the distributive fiber optic strain sensor applies quantitative pretension by spring scale, and the temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor does not apply pretension; Described distributive fiber optic strain sensor is the reinforced tight cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors of GFRP, is used for the monitoring of strain capacity; Described temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor is armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors, is used for the temperature-compensating of strain capacity; With the distributed fiberoptic sensor welding series connection of each monitoring holes to fibre strain analyzer BOTDR; The sensing of strain capacity and temperature is all based on Brillouin's backscattering, by the measurement to the Brillouin back scattering luminous power that receives, finishes measurement and the positioning function of the Brillouin shift of each point on the optical fiber; According to the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and strain and the temperature, can obtain stress distribution and Temperature Distribution on the country rock inner radial, reject the impact of temperature, just obtain the stress distribution that tunnel surrounding directly makes progress; By the stress distribution of measuring is carried out product, summation operation obtains country rock distortion radially, and then the stability of country rock is made an appraisal and is predicted.
Particularly: monitoring holes radially drills through along the tunnel, and installation position is determined according to the actual monitoring needs; The monitoring holes aperture is 70mm to 90mm, and monitoring holes length can be chosen more than 1.5 times of wall rock loosening ring calculated value or empirical value, and the bottom that makes monitoring holes pass through wall rock loosening ring reaches the adjoining rock stability zone.
Described fixed support system is comprised of Fibre Optical Sensor supporting rod, grouting air-discharging pipe, aperture fixed system; Supporting rod adopts high strength stainless steel pipe, and the long 1m of every pole spare links to each other with the monitoring holes of applicable different length with socket between the rod member; The rod member end points leaves arc groove with the fixed fiber sensor; Stack adopts the pvc pipe material, and every joint 2m to 3m links to each other by the pvc pipe joint.During installation, grouting air-discharging Guan Yiduan installs the umbrella protective cover additional, connects section by section until at the bottom of the monitoring holes, the grouting air-discharging pipe other end is drawn from the grouting air-discharging pipe outlet of the cover plate of aperture fixed system; The aperture fixed system comprises sleeve and cover plate two parts; Sleeve diameter is slightly larger than monitoring aperture, and afterbody leaves circular shirt rim, leaves the bolt fixing hole on the shirt rim; Cover plate diameter is identical with the sleeve shirt rim, and outermost leaves the bolt fixing hole corresponding with the shirt rim, places rubber washer between cover plate and the sleeve shirt rim; Cover plate center fixed support rod member, and offer two Fibre Optical Sensor fairleads, 1 injected hole, 1 grouting air-discharging pipe outlet at the cover plate zone line.
By in boring, injecting slurries, be used for filling the space between Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock, make Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock compatible deformation, the proportioning of slurries need to be determined according to the tunnel surrounding modulus.
The sensing of fibre strain amount and Temperature Quantity is all based on Brillouin's backscattering technology.Be good linear relationship between the frequency shift amount of Brillouin back scattering luminous and the strain of optical fiber and the variations in temperature.When country rock generation ess-strain changed, the Fibre Optical Sensor of implanting in the country rock body produced tension and compression with the Rock And Soil deform in same pace.By measuring the frequency shift amount of Brillouin back scattering luminous, and according to the linear relationship between frequency shift amount and strain and the temperature, can obtain the Fibre Optical Sensor position, the stress distribution of country rock and Temperature Distribution, by computings such as product, integrations, obtain stress and distortion (displacement) that country rock directly makes progress in the tunnel.Can carry out accurate space orientation to the case point on the optical fiber by optical time domain reflection technology.
Linear relationship between above-mentioned frequency shift amount and the strain temperature is:
The frequency displacement of temperature-compensating optical fiber and temperature relation are:
Frequency displacement and strain stress relation after the deduction temperature effect are:
ν in the formula
B(ε, T) is the Brillouin back scattering luminous frequency shift amount under strain and the temperature action, ν
B(0) be initial frequency displacement, ε, T are strain, the temperature that acts on the Fibre Optical Sensor.
Radial displacement calculated product separating method is:
S in the formula
(0)Be bottom, gaging hole hole country rock radial displacement value, away from wall rock loosening ring, its displacement is zero, i.e. S at the bottom of the general hole
(0)=0; S
(h)For according to radial displacement value in h place at the bottom of the hole; ε
(z)Be stress distribution.
For satisfying the requirement of tunnel surrounding radial stresses strain monitoring real-time and chronicity, need to make up a cover monitoring system.This system is made of distributed fiberoptic sensor, supporting adn fixing device, BOTDR data collecting instrument, data processing software; The stress distribution of Fibre Optical Sensor and Temperature Distribution are measured by data acquisition equipment BOTDR; By stress distribution data analysis and the calculating of data processing software to actual measurement.
Maximum characteristics of the present invention are to have invented a kind of monitoring method of utilizing Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques to realize deformation in surrounding rock, and have made up corresponding with it monitoring system.First advantage of this cover distributed monitoring system is that sensor is implanted country rock inside, monitoring country rock inside comprise whole relaxation zone along the tunnel radially stress distribution; Second advantage is to realize distributed monitoring, grasps the deformation rule on the country rock overall radial; The 3rd advantage is to utilize the characteristic of optical fiber can realize long-range, long distance monitoring; The 4th advantage is owing to having used optical fiber and optical signal, can use under the adverse circumstances of thunder and lightning, humidity etc.; The 5th advantage is to realize automatic measurement and analysis, more promptly obtains the Changing Pattern of the distortion of large tracts of land Rock And Soil, displacement and stress, in time provides the wall rock loosening ring scope, and assessment country rock globality safety also provides early warning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is cover plate and the supporting rod schematic diagram of fixed support system.
Fig. 2 is the sleeve schematic diagram of aperture fixed system.
Fig. 3 is supporting rod and Fibre Optical Sensor assembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is grouting air-discharging pipe schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is grouting air-discharging pipe connection diagram.
Among the figure, 1, supporting rod, 2, fixed bolt hole, 3, rubber washer, 4, injected hole, 5, the Fibre Optical Sensor fairlead, 6, supporting rod hole, 7, grouting air-discharging pipe outlet, 8, the cover plate of aperture fixed system, 9, the sleeve of aperture fixed system, 10, arc groove, 11, the distributive fiber optic strain sensor, 12, temperature compensation sensor, 13, the grouting air-discharging pipe, 14, steam vent, 15, umbrella protective cover, 16, the pvc pipe joint.
The specific embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are illustrated:
A kind of tunnel surrounding radial stresses stress distribution formula monitoring technology radially drills through monitoring holes along the tunnel; Distributed fiberoptic sensor delivered to the hole of monitoring holes radially by the supporting rod 1 of fixed support system at the bottom of; The place, aperture is by aperture fixed system fixed support rod member, grouting air-discharging pipe 13 and shutoff aperture; Fill Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock space by grouting mode, make Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock compatible deformation; Fibre Optical Sensor comprises distributive fiber optic strain sensor and temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor, and the distributive fiber optic strain sensor applies quantitative pretension by spring scale, and the temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor does not apply pretension; Described distributive fiber optic strain sensor is the reinforced tight cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors of GFRP, is used for the monitoring of strain capacity; Described temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor is armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors, is used for the temperature-compensating of strain capacity; With the distributed fiberoptic sensor welding series connection of each monitoring holes to fibre strain analyzer BOTDR; The sensing of strain capacity and temperature is all based on Brillouin's backscattering, by the measurement to the Brillouin back scattering luminous power that receives, finishes measurement and the positioning function of the Brillouin shift of each point on the optical fiber; According to the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and strain and the temperature, can obtain stress distribution and Temperature Distribution on the country rock inner radial, reject the impact of temperature, just obtain the stress distribution that tunnel surrounding directly makes progress; By the stress distribution of measuring is carried out product, summation operation obtains country rock distortion radially, and then the stability of country rock is made an appraisal and is predicted.
Described fixed support system is comprised of Fibre Optical Sensor supporting rod 1, grouting air-discharging pipe 13, aperture fixed system; Supporting rod adopts high strength stainless steel pipe, and the long 1m of every pole spare links to each other with the monitoring holes of applicable different length with socket between the rod member; The rod member end points leaves arc groove with the fixed fiber sensor; Stack adopts the pvc pipe material, and every joint 2m to 3m links to each other by the pvc pipe joint.During installation, grouting air-discharging Guan Yiduan installs the umbrella protective cover additional, connects section by section until at the bottom of the monitoring holes, the grouting air-discharging pipe other end is drawn from the grouting air-discharging pipe outlet 7 of the cover plate of aperture fixed system; The aperture fixed system comprises sleeve 9 and cover plate 8 two parts; Sleeve diameter is slightly larger than monitoring aperture, and afterbody leaves circular shirt rim, leaves the bolt fixing hole on the shirt rim; Cover plate diameter is identical with the sleeve shirt rim, and outermost leaves the bolt fixing hole corresponding with the shirt rim, places rubber washer between cover plate and the sleeve shirt rim; Cover plate center fixed support rod member, and offer two Fibre Optical Sensor fairleads 5,1 injected hole 4,1 grouting air-discharging pipe outlet 7 at the cover plate zone line.
The concrete operation step of the related device of the technology of the present invention:
1) drill through monitoring holes at country rock, aperture 70mm to 90mm, gaging hole pass through the wall rock loosening ring bottom and arrive the adjoining rock stability zone, and gaging hole length is got wall rock loosening ring calculated value or empirical value 1.5 times;
2) squeeze into sleeve (9), sleeve diameter is slightly larger than gaging hole, and length sleeve is generally got 50cm;
3) gaging hole length, intercepting distributive fiber optic strain sensor (11), length is generally definite with (2L+5) m, and wherein L is gaging hole length; Temperature compensation sensor (12) is armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors, and length is (L+5) m, lays side by side with the distributive fiber optic strain sensor to get final product;
4) end of the mid point of distributive fiber optic strain sensor and temperature compensation sensor (corresponding with the gaging hole bottom) is fixed in the arc groove (10) on supporting rod (1) top, by supporting rod Fibre Optical Sensor is sent in the monitoring holes, the supporting rod top should arrive the gaging hole bottom;
5) supporting rod is fixed on the cover plate (8) of aperture fixed system, the shirt rim of cover plate and sleeve (9) is bolted, place rubber washer (3) between cover plate and sleeve shirt rim spillage occurs when preventing slip casting, the Fibre Optical Sensor two ends are introduced, are drawn from Fibre Optical Sensor fairlead (5) respectively, grouting air-discharging Guan Yiduan connects grouting air-discharging pipe outlet (7) on the cover plate, and an end stretches into the gaging hole bottom;
6) the Fibre Optical Sensor place of drawing uses spring scale that the strain Fibre Optical Sensor is applied quantitative pretension, injects the filling slurries by injected hole (4) under the prerequisite that keeps pretension, treats that slurries solidify recession except pretension;
7) stress distribution of BOTDR measuring optical fiber sensor and Temperature Distribution are calculated fibre strain and the temperature data of surveying by data processing and analysis software, obtain the distortion of tunnel surrounding.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system, distributed fiberoptic sensor is comprised of the reinforced tight cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors of GFRP, armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors, and the reinforced tight cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors of GFRP is used for the tunnel surrounding radial strain and measures; Armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors is used for the tunnel surrounding radial temperature to be measured, for strain measurement provides temperature-compensating.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system is implanted tunnel surrounding inside by monitoring holes with distributed fiberoptic sensor, and the radial strain of measuring country rock inside distributes, and provides temperature-compensating by temperature pick up.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system, optical fiber is positioned at outside the wall rock loosening ring at the bottom of the hole, with at the bottom of the hole as basic point, distribute to calculate the distortion of tunnel surrounding at the bottom of with respect to the hole by fibre strain and distribute.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system, optical fiber also are the transmission mediums of heat transfer agent as sensing element the time.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system, the collecting device of back-scattering light are BOTDR.It can obtain the Brillouin scattering optical frequency shift of arbitrfary point on the optical fiber, stress distribution and Temperature Distribution in obtaining simultaneously holing.
Above-mentioned distribution type fiber-optic measuring system is calculated the data of measuring by data processing software.
Claims (3)
1. a tunnel surrounding radial stresses stress distribution formula monitoring method is characterized in that: radially drill through monitoring holes along the tunnel; Distributed fiberoptic sensor delivered to the hole of monitoring holes radially by the supporting rod of fixed support system at the bottom of; The place, aperture is by aperture fixed system fixed support rod member, grouting air-discharging pipe and shutoff aperture; Fill Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock space by grouting mode, make Fibre Optical Sensor and country rock compatible deformation; Distributed fiberoptic sensor comprises distributive fiber optic strain sensor and temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor, and the distributive fiber optic strain sensor applies quantitative pretension by spring scale; The temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor does not apply pretension; Described distributive fiber optic strain sensor is the reinforced tight cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors of GFRP, is used for the monitoring of strain capacity; Described temperature-compensating Fibre Optical Sensor is armouring pine cover mode Optical Fiber Sensors, is used for the temperature-compensating of the strain capacity of long term monitoring; With the distributed fiberoptic sensor welding series connection of each monitoring holes to fibre strain analyzer BOTDR; The sensing of strain capacity and temperature is all based on Brillouin's backscattering, by the measurement to the Brillouin back scattering luminous power that receives, finishes measurement and the positioning function of the Brillouin shift of each point on the optical fiber; According to the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and strain and the temperature, can obtain stress distribution and Temperature Distribution on the country rock inner radial, reject the impact of temperature, just obtain the stress distribution that tunnel surrounding directly makes progress; By the stress distribution of measuring is carried out product, summation operation obtains country rock distortion radially, and then the stability of country rock made estimates and prediction; Described monitoring holes aperture is 70mm to 90mm, and monitoring holes length is chosen more than 1.5 times of wall rock loosening ring calculated value or empirical value, and the bottom that makes monitoring holes pass through wall rock loosening ring reaches the adjoining rock stability zone.
2. by tunnel surrounding radial stresses stress distribution formula monitoring method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described monitoring holes passes through the wall rock loosening circle of influence, arrive the adjoining rock stability zone at the bottom of the hole, with at the bottom of the hole as basic point, above-mentioned stress distribution is carried out the distribution that an integral operation just can obtain the country rock radial deformation.
3. by tunnel surrounding radial stresses stress distribution formula monitoring method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fixed support system is comprised of Fibre Optical Sensor supporting rod (1), grouting air-discharging pipe (13), sleeve (9), cover plate (8); Supporting rod (1) adopts high strength stainless steel pipe, and the long 1m of every pole spare links to each other with the monitoring holes of applicable different length with socket between the rod member; Supporting rod (1) one end end points leaves arc groove (10) with the fixed fiber sensor, fixed form adopts adhesive tape distributed fiberoptic sensor to be banded on the supporting rod annexation of distributive fiber optic strain sensor and temperature compensation sensor and supporting rod; Grouting air-discharging pipe (13) adopts the pvc pipe material, and every joint 2m to 3m is connected to Len req by pvc pipe joint (16); During installation, grouting air-discharging pipe (13) one ends install umbrella protective cover (15) additional, connect section by section until at the bottom of the monitoring holes, grouting air-discharging pipe (13) other end is drawn from the grouting air-discharging pipe outlet (7) of the cover plate (8) of aperture fixed system; Umbrella protective cover (15) stretches in the boring procedure in order to prevent grouting air-discharging pipe (13), and the ground chip stops up the mouth of pipe; The aperture fixed system is comprised of sleeve (9) and cover plate (8) two parts; Sleeve diameter is slightly larger than monitoring aperture, and afterbody leaves circular shirt rim, leaves fixed bolt hole (2) on the shirt rim; Cover plate diameter is identical with the sleeve shirt rim, and outermost leaves the bolt fixing hole corresponding with the shirt rim, places rubber washer (3) between cover plate and the sleeve shirt rim; Cover plate center fixed support rod member, and offer Fibre Optical Sensor fairlead (5), injected hole (4), grouting air-discharging pipe outlet (7) at the cover plate zone line.
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