CN116984725A - FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with pure nickel foil interlayer - Google Patents

FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with pure nickel foil interlayer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116984725A
CN116984725A CN202311253772.1A CN202311253772A CN116984725A CN 116984725 A CN116984725 A CN 116984725A CN 202311253772 A CN202311253772 A CN 202311253772A CN 116984725 A CN116984725 A CN 116984725A
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welded
fgh98
welding
nickel foil
pure nickel
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CN116984725B (en
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刘悦
应腾芳
赵伟
徐彦强
马广璐
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023Thermo-compression bonding
    • B23K20/026Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/14Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26Auxiliary equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer, which comprises the following steps: preparing a piece to be welded; step two: cleaning a to-be-welded piece; step three: preparing and cleaning an intermediate layer; step four: assembling and positioning; step five: vacuum diffusion welding; step six: aging treatment after welding; the comprehensive performance of the weldment joint can be effectively improved through interface recrystallization and interface microstructure regulation and control. The invention provides a FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer, which effectively improves the welding quality of a welding interface, improves the joint performance and realizes high-quality and high-reliability connection through selection and design of the interlayer, and control of a diffusion welding process and a heat treatment process. The method has the characteristics of complete process, reliable quality, good application effect and the like.

Description

FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with pure nickel foil interlayer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer.
Background
The powder high-temperature alloy double-radial-plate hollow turbine disc with the novel split structure can be manufactured through a welding process, has obvious advantages in the aspects of improving the rotating speed, cooling efficiency and reducing weight compared with the traditional single-radial-plate turbine disc, and is a main pushing structure of the turbine disc design of the next-generation advanced aeroengine. However, due to the compact structural design, the disc edge part needs to be welded, and the space between the two radial plates of the disc center is smaller than 10 mm, so that the inner cavity cannot be processed after welding, and the dimensional accuracy of the components and the reliability of the mechanical properties of the joint are difficult to ensure by the traditional welding method. The diffusion connection is used as a high-performance solid phase connection technology with wide precision, reliability and welding material, and is a welding method with great potential for ensuring the non-allowance forming of the inner cavity of the double-spoke plate disc.
Diffusion welding can be classified into direct diffusion welding and diffusion welding with the addition of an intermediate layer depending on the presence or absence of intermediate layer introduction. For the new generation of aeroengine double-web turbine disk material, the third generation powder superalloy FGH98 is a high-strength damage tolerance alloy, has higher creep strength and crack expansion resistance, and has a service life 20-30 times that of the second generation powder superalloy; in addition, the alloy has more than 10 alloy elements, the alloying degree is high, gamma' strengthening phases exist in crystal grains and grain boundaries, and the structure is stable at high temperature, so that the alloy has the characteristics of high-temperature deformation resistance and difficult diffusion of atoms. Therefore, if a direct diffusion welding process is adopted, in order to ensure good welding quality (the original interface disappears and recrystallization occurs), a higher welding temperature (about 1000 ℃ to 1145 ℃) and a longer heat preservation time (1 h to 3 h) are required, so that the structure of a base material is easily degraded, and the performance of the joint, particularly the high-temperature mechanical performance, is affected. In addition, for the polycrystalline superalloy, the addition of the grain boundary strengthening element C, B also easily causes chain carbo-boride remained at the welding interface, or the strengthening phase grows along the interface, so that a flat welding line is formed, the diffusion of atoms and the recrystallization of the interface are hindered, as shown in fig. 1, the diffusion bonding effect is poor, and the use requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer; the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer comprises the following steps:
step one: preparing a part to be welded
The part to be welded is solid solution FGH98 alloy, and the size is as follows: phi 45 x 40mm; adopting grinding to process the surface to be welded, so that the planeness and parallelism of the surface to be welded are less than or equal to 0.03mm; finish machining of the surface to be welded is carried out by adopting precise grinding, so that the surface roughness of the surface to be welded is less than or equal to 0.4 mu m, and the surface to be welded is free from burn, ablation and other heterogeneity;
step two: cleaning a part to be welded
Degreasing with absorbent cotton or white cotton cloth, then placing the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be welded upwards into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning, wherein deionized water, distilled water, water-based cleaning agent or alcohol is selected as cleaning solvent, and no water stain exists on the surface to be welded after cleaning;
step three: intermediate layer preparation and cleaning
Selecting a pure nickel foil intermediate layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 10 mu m to phi 45 multiplied by 30 mu m, and washing and drying by absolute ethyl alcohol;
step four: assembly positioning
On a clamp, butt-jointing and combining the to-be-welded ends of two FGH98 alloy to-be-welded base metals with the dimensions of phi 45 multiplied by 40mm along the axial direction, and fixing high-temperature alloy sheets on matrixes at two sides of a joint by using energy storage spot welding to position the components;
step five: vacuum diffusion welding
Feeding the parts into a furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum pressure in the furnace is less than 1 multiplied by 10 < -4 > mbar; setting diffusion welding pressure to 3MPa, heating at 5 ℃/min, maintaining at 450-500 ℃ and 750-850 ℃ and 1050-1120 ℃ for 60min,60min and 180min respectively, charging high-purity argon gas to the temperature below 700 ℃ for quick cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 80 ℃ and discharging;
the diffusion connection temperature is 1050-1120 ℃, and the temperature range can avoid the damage of the properties of the powder superalloy joint and the matrix material; in the high-temperature diffusion connection process, the nickel foil is used as a soft intermediate layer, has good toughness and ductility, can enhance the close contact degree and interaction between the connected surfaces, promotes the atomic diffusion at the joint and eliminates interface micropores, so that good welding manufacturability can be obtained.
On the other hand, in the diffusion welding process, the solidification area of the middle layer is in a re-junction cell-shaped structure, crystal grains grow into the base material in a cell shape through the interface, ti and Al elements continuously diffuse into the middle layer, and a fine gamma' reinforcing phase which is uniformly distributed is formed near the diffusion welding interface. The joint performance can be effectively improved by means of interface crystal penetration and interface microstructure regulation.
Step six: post-weld aging treatment
Performing secondary aging treatment after welding, heating to 825-870 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, cooling to below 80 ℃ and discharging; heating to 750-780 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling to below 80 ℃ and discharging to finish the process;
through ageing treatment after welding, gamma' phase is separated out and grown up, and the comprehensive performance of the weldment joint is further improved.
In the fourth step, the pure nickel foil intermediate layers with the dimensions of phi 45 multiplied by 10 mu m to phi 45 multiplied by 30 mu m are placed at the ends to be welded of two FGH98 matrixes in advance.
In the fourth preferred scheme of the FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with the pure nickel foil interlayer, two high-temperature alloy sheets are arranged and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the joint.
According to the FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with the pure nickel foil interlayer, the optimal scheme is that the FGH98 high-temperature alloy solid-phase diffusion welding process added with the pure nickel foil interlayer is used for welding a double-radial-plate turbine disk.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, through selection and thickness structural design of the intermediate layer, diffusion welding process parameters and optimization of a postweld heat treatment system, the evolution rule of the joint tissue performance along with the process parameters is clarified, the diffusion welding joint performance can be effectively improved, the welding quality of double-radial-plate turbine disk products is improved, the product manufacturing qualification rate is ensured, the high-quality and high-reliability connection is realized, and the process support is provided for the diffusion welding manufacturing of the double-radial-plate hollow turbine disk of the aeroengine.
The method is applied to the manufacture of the advanced aero-engine double-radial-plate hollow turbine disc, effectively improves the quality of diffusion welding connection, ensures the manufacturing qualification rate of products, achieves the goal of reducing the cost, and has higher practical and economic values. Can be further popularized and applied to other novel components with similar connection requirements of high-performance aeroengines and materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure morphology (1120 ℃/3MPa/180 min) of a FGH98 alloy direct diffusion joint;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a to-be-welded assembly of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure topography of the diffusion bonding joint of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure topography of the diffusion bonding joint of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure topography of the diffusion bonding joint of example 3.
In the figure, a 1-FGH98 alloy is used for a base metal to be welded, and a 2-pure nickel foil intermediate layer is used.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A solid-phase diffusion welding method for FGH98 superalloy with addition of a 10 mu m thick pure nickel foil interlayer;
step one: preparing a part to be welded
The part to be welded is solid solution FGH98 alloy, and the size is phi 45 multiplied by 40mm; adopting grinding to process the surface to be welded, so that the planeness and parallelism of the surface to be welded are less than or equal to 0.03mm; finish machining of the surface to be welded is carried out by adopting precise grinding, so that the surface roughness of the surface to be welded is less than or equal to 0.4 mu m, and the surface to be welded is free from burn, ablation and other heterogeneity;
step two: cleaning a part to be welded
Degreasing with absorbent cotton or white cotton cloth, then placing the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be welded upwards into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning, wherein deionized water, distilled water, water-based cleaning agent or alcohol is selected as cleaning solvent, and no water stain exists on the surface to be welded after cleaning;
step three: intermediate layer preparation and cleaning
Selecting a pure nickel foil middle layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 10 mu m, and washing and drying by absolute ethyl alcohol;
step four: assembly positioning
On a fixture, two FGH98 alloy to-be-welded ends of a parent metal 1 with the size phi of 45 multiplied by 40mm are butted and combined along the axial direction as shown in fig. 2, a pure nickel foil middle layer 2 with the thickness of 10 mu m is placed on the to-be-welded surface in advance, and 2 high-temperature alloy sheets are fixed on matrixes at two sides of a joint by using energy storage spot welding to position the components, wherein the high-temperature alloy sheets are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the joint;
step five: vacuum diffusion welding
And (3) feeding the parts into a furnace, closing the furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum pressure in the furnace is less than 1 multiplied by 10 < -4 > mbar or less. Setting diffusion welding pressure to 3MPa, heating at 5 ℃/min, maintaining at 450-500 deg.C and 750-850 deg.C and 1050-1120 deg.C for 60, 60 and 180min, cooling to below 700 deg.C, introducing high purity argon gas, cooling to below 80 deg.C, and discharging;
step six: post-weld aging treatment
Performing secondary aging treatment after welding, heating to 825-870 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, cooling to below 80 ℃ in a furnace, and discharging; heating to 750-780 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling to below 80 ℃ and discharging to finish the process.
Example 2
A solid-phase diffusion welding method for FGH98 superalloy with an intermediate layer of 20 mu m thick pure nickel foil;
the first, second, fifth and sixth steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the third and fourth steps adopt the following steps:
step three: intermediate layer preparation and cleaning
Selecting a pure nickel foil middle layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 20 mu m, and washing and drying by absolute ethyl alcohol;
step four: assembly positioning
On a fixture, two FGH98 alloy to-be-welded ends of a parent metal 1 with the size phi of 45 multiplied by 40mm are butted and combined along the axial direction as shown in fig. 2, a pure nickel foil middle layer 2 with the thickness of 20 mu m is placed on the to-be-welded surface in advance, and 2 high-temperature alloy sheets are fixed on matrixes at two sides of a joint by using energy storage spot welding to position the components, wherein the high-temperature alloy sheets are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the joint.
Example 3
A solid-phase diffusion welding method for FGH98 superalloy with a 30 μm thick pure nickel foil interlayer added;
the first, second, fifth and sixth steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the third and fourth steps adopt the following steps:
step three: intermediate layer preparation and cleaning
Selecting a pure nickel foil middle layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 30 mu m, and washing and drying by absolute ethyl alcohol;
step four: assembly positioning
On a fixture, two FGH98 alloy to-be-welded ends of a parent metal 1 with the size phi of 45 multiplied by 40mm are butted and combined along the axial direction as shown in fig. 2, a pure nickel foil middle layer 2 with the thickness of 30 mu m is placed on the to-be-welded surface in advance, and 2 high-temperature alloy sheets are fixed on matrixes at two sides of a joint by using energy storage spot welding to position the components, wherein the high-temperature alloy sheets are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the joint.
The joint of the FGH98 alloy diffusion welding weldment is dissected, the microstructure is checked under a scanning electron microscope, as can be seen from figures 3-5, the combination condition of the intermediate layer and the base metal alloy is better, the metal atoms at the interface of the nickel foil and the FGH98 alloy are fully diffused without diffusion pores, the weld joint forms a rebinding cell-shaped structure, crystal grains pass through the interface in a cell shape and grow into the base metal, fine gamma' reinforcing phases are uniformly distributed in a certain range at the joint, and the whole joint is well connected.
The FGH98 alloy weldment after diffusion welding and aging treatment was processed into a standard tensile specimen and tested for tensile strength as follows:
the room temperature tensile fracture positions of the diffusion welding heads of the embodiments 1-3 are all positioned at the base body, the room temperature tensile strength can reach about 1500MPa, namely 1479MPa, 1513MPa and 1505MPa, and the strength coefficient of the diffusion welding head can reach 96.8% relative to 1550MPa of the FGH98 alloy base body, so that the bonding effect is good. The room-temperature tensile fracture position of the direct diffusion welding head is positioned at the welding seam, so that the tensile strength is low, the diffusion bonding effect is poor, and the use requirement cannot be met.
From table 1, the FGH98 alloy solid-phase diffusion welding method of the intermediate layer of the pure nickel foil can effectively improve the FGH98 alloy diffusion welding quality and joint performance, and realize high-quality and high-reliability connection.
Table 1 room temperature tensile properties comparison of joints

Claims (4)

1. A FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with a pure nickel foil interlayer is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: preparing a part to be welded
The part to be welded is solid solution FGH98 alloy, and the size is as follows: phi 45 x 40mm; adopting grinding to process the surface to be welded, so that the planeness and parallelism of the surface to be welded are less than or equal to 0.03mm; finish machining of the surface to be welded is carried out by adopting precise grinding, so that the surface roughness of the surface to be welded is less than or equal to 0.4 mu m, and the surface to be welded is free from burn, ablation and other heterogeneity;
step two: cleaning a part to be welded
Degreasing with absorbent cotton or white cotton cloth, then placing the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be welded upwards into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning, wherein deionized water, distilled water, water-based cleaning agent or alcohol is selected as cleaning solvent, and no water stain exists on the surface to be welded after cleaning;
step three: intermediate layer preparation and cleaning
Selecting a pure nickel foil intermediate layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 10 mu m to phi 45 multiplied by 30 mu m, and washing and drying by absolute ethyl alcohol;
step four: assembly positioning
On a clamp, butt-jointing and combining the to-be-welded ends of two FGH98 alloy to-be-welded base metals with the dimensions of phi 45 multiplied by 40mm along the axial direction, and fixing high-temperature alloy sheets on matrixes at two sides of a joint by using energy storage spot welding to position the components;
step five: vacuum diffusion welding
Feeding the parts into a furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum pressure in the furnace is less than 1 multiplied by 10 < -4 > mbar; setting diffusion welding pressure to 3MPa, heating at 5 ℃/min, maintaining at 450-500 ℃ and 750-850 ℃ and 1050-1120 ℃ for 60min,60min and 180min respectively, charging high-purity argon gas to the temperature below 700 ℃ for quick cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 80 ℃ and discharging;
step six: post-weld aging treatment
Performing secondary aging treatment after welding, heating to 825-870 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, cooling to below 80 ℃ and discharging; heating to 750-780 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling to below 80 ℃ and discharging to finish the process;
through ageing treatment after welding, gamma' phase is separated out and grown up, and the comprehensive performance of the weldment joint is further improved.
2. The method for FGH98 alloy diffusion welding with addition of a pure nickel foil interlayer according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, a pure nickel foil intermediate layer with the size of phi 45 multiplied by 10 mu m to phi 45 multiplied by 30 mu m is placed in advance at the to-be-welded ends of the two FGH98 matrixes.
3. The method for FGH98 alloy diffusion welding with addition of a pure nickel foil interlayer according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, two high-temperature alloy sheets are arranged and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the joint.
4. The method for FGH98 alloy diffusion welding with addition of a pure nickel foil interlayer according to claim 1, wherein: the FGH98 superalloy solid-phase diffusion welding process added with the pure nickel foil interlayer is used for welding the double-radial-plate turbine disk.
CN202311253772.1A 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 FGH98 alloy diffusion welding method added with pure nickel foil interlayer Active CN116984725B (en)

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