CN113182660A - SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy - Google Patents
SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182660A CN113182660A CN202110500164.0A CN202110500164A CN113182660A CN 113182660 A CN113182660 A CN 113182660A CN 202110500164 A CN202110500164 A CN 202110500164A CN 113182660 A CN113182660 A CN 113182660A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same kind of nickel base single crystal superalloy, which takes Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder as an intermediate transition layer, and realizes effective connection of DD98 same kind of nickel base single crystal superalloy at lower temperature and in shorter time by a discharge plasma sintering technology. The welding method can ensure that the mother material is not recrystallized, obtain the joint with refined weld grains, uniform diffusion of the joint surface, stability and reliability, and the room-temperature shear strength of the joint can reach 301 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy welding, and particularly relates to an SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy.
Background
DD98 is a Ni-Cr-Co-Mo-W-Al-Ta series Re-free, high temperature resistant and low-cost nickel-based single crystal high temperature alloy which is independently developed and succeeded in China, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr 6%, Co 5%, W6%, Mo 2%, Al 6.3%, Ti1%, Ta 6% and the balance of Ni. The single crystal material eliminates a transverse crystal boundary vertical to a main stress axis, has the minimum mechanical dispersion performance, has excellent oxidation resistance, thermal fatigue performance and creep performance, meets the working conditions of large load, high temperature and complex stress under severe conditions, and is widely applied to the preparation of hot end parts such as turbine blades of aero-engines and the like. The single crystal high temperature alloy has poor weldability due to the addition of a large amount of alloy elements. The DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy is effectively connected, and the key for expanding the application of the single crystal superalloy in the aerospace field is realized.
The Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a new powder rapid sintering technology developed in recent 20 years. In recent years, this method has come to be used in the field of welding, and can achieve connection between the same kind of materials and connection between different kinds of materials. Compared with the traditional solid state diffusion welding, the SPS solid state diffusion welding has the advantages of high heating rate, small required mechanical pressure and easiness in controlling dimensional accuracy, and more importantly, an electric field is introduced on the basis of a temperature field and a stress field required by the traditional solid state diffusion welding, and the substance diffusion is accelerated by utilizing the electromigration effect. Therefore, the SPS technology is expected to realize the effective connection of the DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy at lower temperature in shorter time.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an SPS diffusion welding method for DD98 homogeneous Ni-based single crystal superalloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy comprises the following steps:
(1) performing surface treatment on the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy to be welded; namely, the surface to be welded of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy is subjected to oil stain removal, pre-grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and drying;
(2) assembling two pieces of to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy and a middle layer Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal into a graphite die according to a graphite pressure head-a graphite gasket-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy-Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy-graphite gasket-graphite pressure head;
(3) placing a graphite mold containing a part to be welded into a spark plasma sintering system, wrapping the graphite mold with heat-insulating carbon felt, adjusting a lens of an infrared thermometer to align to a temperature measuring hole of the mold, adjusting the connection pressure to 10MPa, opening a vacuum pump and an inflator pump to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to meet the requirement, then introducing direct-current pulse current to start heating, wherein the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, and the heat insulation is started when the temperature is raised to the connection temperature of 950-1000 ℃, and the heat insulation time is 0-5 min; and then cooling and solidifying to complete SPS solid phase diffusion connection between the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloys.
Preferably, the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-12% of Cr, 11-14% of W, 1-4% of B, 2-4% of Si, 2-5% of Fe and the balance of Ni. The Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal is prepared by grinding and mixing weighed Ni powder, Cr powder, W powder, B powder, Si powder and Fe powder and then adopting a vacuum induction melting and atomization combined mode.
Preferably, the surface treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, placing the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy to be welded in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy; then sequentially adopting 320#, 600#, 800#, 1000# and 1500# SiC sand paper to polish the surfaces to be welded of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy; then polishing treatment is carried out by adopting a diamond polishing agent with the particle size of 3 microns; finally, placing the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy in alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and drying.
Preferably, the thickness of the heat preservation carbon felt is as follows: 5mm to reduce the adverse effect caused by uneven temperature in the whole welding process.
Preferably, the vacuum pumping process comprises the following steps: opening a vacuum pump to 10Pa, then filling nitrogen to 10000Pa, repeating the above processes for three times, and finally enabling the vacuum degree to 10000 Pa. .
Preferably, the cooling and solidifying process comprises: and naturally cooling the temperature from the connection temperature to the room temperature along with the furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder as an intermediate transition layer, and the main elements of the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder and the main constituent elements of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy base metal are Ni, which is beneficial for the solder to form good wetting on the surface of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy base metal; cr is characterized by high melting point and good oxidation resistance, and the addition of the element can improve the oxidation resistance of the joint at high temperature; si and B can lower the melting point of the intermediate transition layer.
2. The method has the advantages of simple process, high working efficiency, low connection temperature, short heat preservation time, low energy consumption, simple and convenient operation and the like; the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal is added to serve as an intermediate transition layer, atomic diffusion is accelerated by utilizing an electromigration effect, and effective connection between the DD98 same nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy can be achieved in a short time on the premise that the strength of a base material is not reduced.
3. The invention adopts the repeated filling and pumping of nitrogen, finally leads the vacuum degree to 10000Pa, and utilizes the nitrogen as the atmosphere gas of the environment, thereby ensuring the isolation of the material and the oxygen and obtaining better welding environment.
4. The invention adopts SPS technology, improves supercooling degree by rapid cooling, can inhibit weld grain growth, regulates microstructure, and obtains a mixture of Ni-based solid solution and (Ni, Cr)3(Mo,W)3A C-based reaction phase and a finely divided M5B3(wherein M is mainly Ni, W and Cr), thereby effectively avoiding the reduction of the mechanical property of the welding joint.
5. The SPS diffusion welding process of the DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy is optimized, when the connection temperature and the heat preservation time are preferably 1000 ℃ and 5min respectively, the process advantages can be fully exerted, and the room-temperature shearing performance of the obtained welding joint can reach 301 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy and a Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the overall structure of the DD98 Ni-based single crystal superalloy joint obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy, 2 Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder, 3, a second DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy, 4, Ni-based solid solution, 5, (Ni, Cr)3(Mo,W)3C，6、M5B3(where M is mainly an element of Ni, W, Cr).
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an SPS diffusion welding method for DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively performing surface treatment on the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy, wherein the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy comprises a first DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy 1 and a second DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy 3; the surface treatment process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of respectively placing two DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloys in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surfaces of the alloys and drying the alloys, then sequentially grinding the surfaces to be welded of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloys by using 320#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, and 1500# SiC abrasive paper, then polishing by using a 3-micron diamond polishing agent, and finally placing the polished DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloys in alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and drying.
(2) Taking two pieces of DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy subjected to surface treatment in the step (1), assembling two pieces of DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy to be welded and a middle layer of Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal 2 into a graphite die according to a graphite pressure head-graphite gasket-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy-Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy-graphite gasket-graphite pressure head (the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal comprises the following components, by mass, 10% of Cr, 11% of W, 1.5% of B, 3% of Si, 2.5% of Fe and the balance of Ni powder).
(3) Placing the graphite mold provided with the to-be-welded piece in the step (2) into a spark plasma sintering system, wrapping the graphite mold with a heat-preservation carbon felt, adjusting a lens of an infrared thermometer to be aligned with a temperature measuring hole of the mold, and adjusting the connection pressure to 10 MPa; opening a vacuum pump to 10Pa, filling nitrogen to enable the vacuum degree to reach 10000Pa, and repeating the vacuum pumping process for three times to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 10000 Pa; then introducing direct current pulse current to start heating, wherein the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, starting heat preservation when the temperature is raised to the connection temperature of 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 min; and finally, naturally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to complete SPS solid phase diffusion connection between the DD98 nickel-based single crystal high temperature alloys.
Examples 2 and 3:
an SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy, which repeats the steps of example 1 to obtain examples 2 and 3, except that: the connection temperature of 950 ℃ is respectively replaced by 980 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and the SPS solid phase diffusion connection between the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloys is finally completed.
As shown in fig. 2, two DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloys were joined by the method of example 3, and after spark plasma sintering was completed, the joint formed had an overall morphology;
the performance test of the shear strength of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy joints finally prepared in examples 1-3 at room temperature is carried out, and the results of the measured shear strength at room temperature of the joints obtained in examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 shear strength of DD98 Ni-based single crystal superalloy joint obtained at different joining temperatures
| Detecting packets | Brazing temperature/° C | Shear strength/MPa |
| Example 1 | 950 | 130 |
| Example 2 | 980 | 233 |
| Example 3 | 1000 | 301 |
Examples 4 to 6:
an SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy, which repeats the steps of example 3 to obtain examples 4 and 5, except that: and the time for heat preservation at the connection temperature of 1000 ℃ is respectively replaced by 0min and 3 min, and the SPS solid phase diffusion connection between the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloys is finally completed. Example 6 the procedure of the process differs from example 3 in that the joining temperature is 1040 ℃ and the holding time is 10 min.
The DD98 Ni-based single crystal superalloy joints finally prepared in examples 4-6 were tested for shear strength at room temperature, and the results of the shear strength at room temperature are shown in Table 2 and are compared with example 3.
TABLE 2 average shear strength of the obtained DD98 Ni-based single crystal superalloy at different holding times
| Detecting packets | Holding time/min | Shear strength/MPa |
| Example 4 | 0 | 77 |
| Example 5 | 3 | 145 |
| Example 3 | 5 | 301 |
| Example 6 | 10 | 128 |
The shear test results (tables 1 and 2) of the DD98 Ni-based single crystal superalloy joints obtained in comparative examples 1-6 show that the joint obtained in example 3 has the highest strength, and the highest strength is 301 MPa.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 same nickel-based single crystal superalloy is characterized in that: Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal is used as an intermediate transition layer, and the DD98 same type nickel-based single crystal superalloy is subjected to solid phase diffusion welding by an SPS technology, so that the DD98 and DD98 same type nickel-based single crystal superalloy joint is obtained.
2. The SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 allogenic nickel based single crystal superalloys according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) performing surface treatment on the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy to be welded; namely, the surface to be welded of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy is subjected to oil stain removal, pre-grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and drying;
(2) assembling two pieces of to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy and a middle layer Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal into a graphite die according to a graphite pressure head-a graphite gasket-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy-Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal-to-be-welded DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy-graphite gasket-graphite pressure head;
(3) placing a graphite mold containing a part to be welded into a spark plasma sintering system, wrapping the graphite mold with heat-insulating carbon felt, adjusting a lens of an infrared thermometer to align to a temperature measuring hole of the mold, adjusting the connection pressure to 10MPa, opening a vacuum pump and an inflator pump to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to meet the requirement, then introducing direct-current pulse current to start heating, wherein the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, and the heat insulation is started when the temperature is raised to the connection temperature of 950-1000 ℃, and the heat insulation time is 0-5 min; and then cooling and solidifying to complete SPS solid phase diffusion connection between the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloys.
3. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-12% of Cr, 11-14% of W, 1-4% of B, 2-4% of Si, 2-5% of Fe and the balance of Ni.
4. The SPS diffusion welding method of DD98 allogenic nickel-based single crystal superalloys according to claim 2, wherein said surface treatment comprises: firstly, placing the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy to be welded in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy; then sequentially adopting 320#, 600#, 800#, 1000# and 1500# SiC sand paper to polish the surfaces to be welded of the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy; then polishing treatment is carried out by adopting a diamond polishing agent with the particle size of 3 microns; finally, placing the DD98 nickel-based single crystal superalloy in alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and drying.
5. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the heat preservation carbon felt is as follows: 5mm to reduce the adverse effect caused by uneven temperature in the whole welding process.
6. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vacuum degree meets the requirement, and the process comprises the following steps: opening a vacuum pump to 10Pa, then filling nitrogen to 10000Pa, repeating the above processes for three times, and finally enabling the vacuum degree to 10000 Pa.
7. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cooling and solidification process comprises: and naturally cooling the temperature from the connection temperature to the room temperature along with the furnace.
8. The SPS diffusion welding method of the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder brazing filler metal is prepared by grinding and mixing weighed Ni powder, Cr powder, W powder, B powder, Si powder and Fe powder, and then adopting a vacuum induction melting and atomization combined mode.
9. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the Ni-Cr-W-B-Si-Fe powder solder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10% of Cr, 11% of W, 1.5% of B, 3% of Si, 2.5% of Fe and the balance of Ni powder.
10. The SPS diffusion welding method for the DD98 homogeneous nickel-based single crystal superalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the room temperature shear performance of the manufactured alloy joint is 301 MPa.
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