CN116972971A - Spectrum light splitting method for hyperspectral imaging - Google Patents
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- CN116972971A CN116972971A CN202310897703.8A CN202310897703A CN116972971A CN 116972971 A CN116972971 A CN 116972971A CN 202310897703 A CN202310897703 A CN 202310897703A CN 116972971 A CN116972971 A CN 116972971A
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of spectrum spectroscopy, and discloses a spectrum spectroscopy method for hyperspectral imaging, which comprises the following steps: s1, transmitting light reflected by an object through a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens; s2, controlling the light transmission quantity at the corresponding coordinate position on the two-dimensional light transmission lens so as to control the object to reflect light according to the target pixel unit; s3, enabling light reflected by the object to enter the photosensitive element after passing through the light splitting plane lens; s4, the photosensitive element receives light reflected by the object to form an image of the two-dimensional pixel point. According to the application, the two-dimensional light transmission lens is adopted to control the light transmission of different positions of the object, so that the mapping of the object is divided into a plurality of unit images, the plurality of unit images are used for producing a two-dimensional image, and meanwhile, the images of each unit are split and the spectrum information of each unit is sampled independently.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a spectrum light splitting method, in particular to a spectrum light splitting method for hyperspectral imaging.
Background
The light source emits light containing various frequencies, which impinges on the object, and a portion of the light is absorbed by the object surface and another portion of the light is reflected off due to the physical properties of the object surface material. The mechanism is that different molecules, atoms and ions inside the substance correspond to energy levels with different characteristic distributions, and transition is generated under the spectrum of specific frequencies, so that the spectral emission and absorption of different wavelengths are caused, and different spectral characteristics are generated. Hyperspectral imaging is a new technology based on spectroscopic analysis. It collects hundreds of images of different wavelengths for the same spatial region. The collected data form a so-called hyperspectral cube, the abscissa of the image generally representing the wavelength and spectral intensity of the spectrum, respectively.
In the traditional hyperspectral imaging, the spectrum spectroscopy usually performs sampling spectroscopy in a mode of point and line scanning on an object in the process of multiple exposure, but the slow reflected light of the area of the object that is not scanned in the scanned state enters the photoreceptor, thereby interfering with the accuracy of the spectral imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly solves the technical problem of providing a spectrum light splitting method for hyperspectral imaging, which solves the problems in the background technology.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, according to one aspect of the present application, more specifically, a spectroscopic method for hyperspectral imaging, comprising the steps of:
s1, transmitting light reflected by an object through a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s2, controlling the light transmission quantity at the corresponding coordinate position on the two-dimensional light transmission lens so as to control the object to reflect light according to the target pixel unit;
s3, enabling light reflected by the object to enter the photosensitive element after passing through the light splitting plane lens;
s4, receiving light reflected by the object by the photosensitive element to form an image of the two-dimensional pixel point;
s5, reflecting a light part reflected by the object through a light splitting plane lens;
s6, the light reflected by the light splitting plane lens passes through two dispersion prisms to realize light splitting;
s7, forming a spectrum with different intensity on the detector after the split light passes through the condensing lens;
and S8, the detector and the photosensitive element aggregate the recorded pixel data into a two-dimensional image and chromatographic information of any pixel point on the two-dimensional image according to the two-dimensional coordinates.
Furthermore, the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens, the photosensitive element and the detector are all electronic elements; the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is a segment code liquid crystal screen, and the light transmittance at the coordinate point is changed by applying an electric field to the transparent electrode on the back of the light-transmitting lens and aligning the internal liquid crystal molecules along the direction of the electric field.
Further, in the step S2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s201, light reflected by an object is required to be amplified by a lens and then irradiated onto a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s202, liquid crystal molecules are uniformly distributed in the two-dimensional light-transmitting mirror, and the light transmittance of the corresponding pixel point in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed after the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding pixel point are controlled;
s203, after controlling the liquid crystal molecules at the positions corresponding to the pixel points, the light transmittance at the corresponding pixel points in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed;
s204, controlling light transmission of the two-dimensional light transmission lens point by point according to the S-shaped sequence: the initial state of the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is in a black light-tight state after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is activated, the light-transmitting property of the position of a coordinate point is sequentially changed according to an S-shaped track, and after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens sequentially enters the position of the next coordinate point, the light-transmitting property of the position of the last coordinate point is in a black light-tight state again.
S205, the amplified light reflected by the object passes through the two-dimensional lens and then passes through the concave lens to restore the amplified image.
Further, in the step S3, the beam-splitting plane lens is placed in a 45 ° state, and the light irradiated on the object is reflected to the beam-splitting plane lens, and a part of the light is mapped on the photosensitive element after passing through the beam-splitting plane lens to form a unit image.
Further, the position of the unit image mapped on the photosensitive element is changed along with the change of the light transmission coordinate position of the two-dimensional light transmission mirror; and marking the unit image mapped on the photosensitive element, wherein the marked mark number is consistent with the coordinates of the two-dimensional transparent mirror changing the transparent light.
Furthermore, the unit images collected by the photosensitive element are standardized to ensure that the resolution of the unit images collected each time is consistent, all the marked unit images collected by the photosensitive element are polymerized according to the marking sequence, and the polymerized images form a two-dimensional image which is the basis of hyperspectral imaging.
Furthermore, the unit images collected by the photosensitive elements are optimized and standardized, so that each standardized object is guaranteed to reach an optimal state, any unit images can be mutually restricted and compromised, and when a multi-object optimization problem is described in a mathematical mode, the mathematical expression of the optimization problem is as follows:
minF(X)＝(f 1 (x),f 2 (x),f 3 (x),…,f m (x))
since there are conflicting characteristics between the targets of the multi-target problem, there are at least two sub-objective functions f i1 (x) And f i2 (x)，f i1 (x) Will cause f i2 (x) Corresponding variations and vice versa.
Furthermore, when the resolution, the exposure and the sensitivity of the unit images acquired by the photosensitive elements are diversified, only an optimal solution is needed to be found out to serve as a balance solution of each optimization object when the diversified information is subjected to standardized multi-objective optimization, so that the method is suitable for all the unit images in the imaging process; for two possible solutions x 1 And x 1 WhileWith f i (x 1 )≤f i (x 2 ) And->So that f i0 (x 1 )≤f i0 (x 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time x * The optimal solution is obtained when the solution is not subject to other solutions.
Further, in the step S8, another portion of the light is reflected from the beam-splitting plane lens and split by the dispersion prism to form a spectrum on the detector, and the detector can detect the spectrum information on the corresponding unit image and mark the spectrum information.
Furthermore, the spectral information detected by the detector is based on the two-dimensional image generated in the step S4, the two-dimensional image is formed by aggregating a plurality of unit images, each unit image is provided with a corresponding mark, the spectral information of the corresponding mark is inserted according to the mark, and thus the stereoscopic spectral information with the dimension of the two-dimensional image as the basis and the spectral information is added.
The spectrum light splitting method for hyperspectral imaging has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the application, the two-dimensional light transmission lens is adopted to control the light transmission of different positions of the object, so that the mapping of the object is divided into a plurality of unit images, the plurality of unit images are used for producing a two-dimensional image, and meanwhile, the images of each unit are split and the spectrum information of each unit is sampled independently;
2. through the standardized processing of the unit images acquired by the photosensitive elements, the change of the colors of the light rays which are slowly reflected by the object can be accurately restored and optimized when the light rays pass through the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens and the light-splitting plane lens, and the resolution of the light rays which are transmitted by the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens when the light rays are mapped on the photosensitive elements can be different due to the fact that the positions of the slow-reflection sources on different positions of the object are different from the positions of the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens.
Drawings
The application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of step 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-3, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging, comprising the steps of:
s1, transmitting light reflected by an object through a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s2, controlling the light transmission quantity at the corresponding coordinate position on the two-dimensional light transmission lens so as to control the object to reflect light according to the target pixel unit;
s3, enabling light reflected by the object to enter the photosensitive element after passing through the light splitting plane lens;
s4, receiving light reflected by the object by the photosensitive element to form an image of the two-dimensional pixel point;
s5, reflecting a light part reflected by the object through a light splitting plane lens;
s6, the light reflected by the light splitting plane lens passes through two dispersion prisms to realize light splitting;
s7, forming a spectrum with different intensity on the detector after the split light passes through the condensing lens;
and S8, the detector and the photosensitive element aggregate the recorded pixel data into a two-dimensional image and chromatographic information of any pixel point on the two-dimensional image according to the two-dimensional coordinates.
In this embodiment, the two-dimensional lens, the photosensitive element and the detector are all electronic elements; the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is a segment code liquid crystal screen, and the light transmittance at the coordinate point is changed by applying an electric field to the transparent electrode on the back of the light-transmitting lens and aligning the internal liquid crystal molecules along the direction of the electric field. The two-dimensional light transmission lens is adopted to control the light transmittance of different positions of the object, so that the mapping of the object is divided into a plurality of unit images, the unit images are used for producing a two-dimensional image, and meanwhile, the images of each unit are split and the spectrum information of each unit is sampled independently.
In this embodiment, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s201, light reflected by an object is required to be amplified by a lens and then irradiated onto a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s202, liquid crystal molecules are uniformly distributed in the two-dimensional light-transmitting mirror, and the light transmittance of the corresponding pixel point in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed after the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding pixel point are controlled;
s203, after controlling the liquid crystal molecules at the positions corresponding to the pixel points, the light transmittance at the corresponding pixel points in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed;
s204, controlling light transmission of the two-dimensional light transmission lens point by point according to the S-shaped sequence: the initial state of the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is in a black light-tight state after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is activated, the light-transmitting property of the position of a coordinate point is sequentially changed according to an S-shaped track, and after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens sequentially enters the position of the next coordinate point, the light-transmitting property of the position of the last coordinate point is in a black light-tight state again.
S205, the amplified light reflected by the object passes through the two-dimensional lens and then passes through the concave lens to restore the amplified image.
In the embodiment, in step S3, the beam-splitting plane lens is placed in a 45 ° state, the light irradiated on the object is reflected to the beam-splitting plane lens, and after passing through the beam-splitting plane lens, part of the light is mapped on the photosensitive element to form a unit image, and the position of the unit image mapped on the photosensitive element changes along with the change of the light transmission coordinate position of the two-dimensional light transmission mirror; the unit images mapped on the photosensitive elements are marked, the marked marks are consistent with the coordinates of the two-dimensional light transmission mirror for changing light transmission, the unit images collected by the photosensitive elements are standardized to ensure that the resolution of the unit images collected each time is consistent, all marked unit images collected by the photosensitive elements are aggregated according to the marking sequence, and the images generated by aggregation form a two-dimensional image which is the basis of hyperspectral imaging.
In this embodiment, the unit images collected by the photosensitive element are optimized and standardized, so as to ensure that each standardized object reaches an optimal state, any unit images can be mutually restricted and compromised, and when the multi-object optimization problem is described in a mathematical manner, the mathematical expression of the optimization problem is as follows:
minF(X)＝(f 1 (x),f 2 (x),f 3 (x),...,f m (x))
since there are conflicting characteristics between the targets of the multi-target problem, there are at least two sub-objective functions f i1 (x) And f i2 (x)，f i1 (x) Will cause f i2 (x) When resolution, exposure and sensitivity of the unit images acquired by the photosensitive elements are diversified, and when the diversified information is subjected to standardized multi-objective optimization, only an optimal solution is needed to be found out to serve as a balance solution of each optimization object, so that the method is suitable for all the unit images in the imaging process; for two possible solutions x 1 And x 1 WhileWith f i (x 1 )≤f i (x 2 ) And is also provided withSo that f i0 (x 1 )≤f i0 (x 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time x * The optimal solution is obtained when the solution is not subject to other solutions. The unit image collected by the photosensitive element is standardized, so that the light rays slowly reflected by the object pass through the two-dimensional lensThe light beam color of the light beam can be accurately restored and optimized, and the resolution of the light beam transmitted by the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens on the photosensitive element can be different due to the fact that the slow reflection sources at different positions on the object are different from the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens.
In this embodiment, in step S8, another portion of light is reflected from the light-splitting plane lens and split by the dispersive prism to form a spectrum on the detector, the detector can detect the spectrum information on the corresponding unit images and mark the spectrum information, the spectrum information detected by the detector is based on the two-dimensional image generated in step S4, the two-dimensional image is formed by aggregating a plurality of unit images, each unit image has a corresponding mark, and the spectrum information of the corresponding mark is inserted according to the mark, so as to form a two-dimensional image based on the two-dimensional image and add the stereoscopic spectrum information of the dimension of the spectrum information.
Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the application, but rather the application is not limited to the above examples, and variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the application will be within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging comprising the steps of:
s1, transmitting light reflected by an object through a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s2, controlling the light transmission quantity at the corresponding coordinate position on the two-dimensional light transmission lens so as to control the object to reflect light according to the target pixel unit;
s3, enabling light reflected by the object to enter the photosensitive element after passing through the light splitting plane lens;
s4, receiving light reflected by the object by the photosensitive element to form an image of the two-dimensional pixel point;
s5, reflecting a light part reflected by the object through a light splitting plane lens;
s6, the light reflected by the light splitting plane lens passes through two dispersion prisms to realize light splitting;
s7, forming a spectrum with different intensity on the detector after the split light passes through the condensing lens;
and S8, the detector and the photosensitive element aggregate the recorded pixel data into a two-dimensional image and chromatographic information of any pixel point on the two-dimensional image according to the two-dimensional coordinates.
2. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens, the photosensitive element and the detector are all electronic elements; the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is a segment code liquid crystal screen, and the light transmittance at the coordinate point is changed by applying an electric field to the transparent electrode on the back of the light-transmitting lens and aligning the internal liquid crystal molecules along the direction of the electric field.
3. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s201, light reflected by an object is required to be amplified by a lens and then irradiated onto a M, N-coordinate two-dimensional lens;
s202, liquid crystal molecules are uniformly distributed in the two-dimensional light-transmitting mirror, and the light transmittance of the corresponding pixel point in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed after the liquid crystal molecules at the corresponding pixel point are controlled;
s203, after controlling the liquid crystal molecules at the positions corresponding to the pixel points, the light transmittance at the corresponding pixel points in the light-transmitting mirror can be changed;
s204, controlling light transmission of the two-dimensional light transmission lens point by point according to the S-shaped sequence: the initial state of the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is in a black light-tight state after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens is activated, the light-transmitting property of the position of a coordinate point is sequentially changed according to an S-shaped track, and after the two-dimensional light-transmitting lens sequentially enters the position of the next coordinate point, the light-transmitting property of the position of the last coordinate point is in a black light-tight state again.
S205, the amplified light reflected by the object passes through the two-dimensional lens and then passes through the concave lens to restore the amplified image.
4. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S3, the beam-splitting plane lens is placed in a 45 ° state, and the light irradiated on the object is reflected to the beam-splitting plane lens, and a part of the light is mapped on the photosensitive element after passing through the beam-splitting plane lens to form a unit image.
5. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the position of the unit image mapped on the photosensitive element is changed along with the change of the light transmission coordinate position of the two-dimensional light transmission mirror; and marking the unit image mapped on the photosensitive element, wherein the marked mark number is consistent with the coordinates of the two-dimensional transparent mirror changing the transparent light.
6. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 5 wherein: and standardizing the unit images collected by the photosensitive element to ensure that the resolution of the unit images collected each time is consistent, and aggregating all the marked unit images collected by the photosensitive element according to the marking sequence, wherein the image generated by aggregation forms a two-dimensional image which is the basis of hyperspectral imaging.
7. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 6 wherein: the unit images collected by the photosensitive elements are optimized and standardized, so that each standardized target is guaranteed to reach an optimal state, any unit images can be mutually restricted and compromised, and when a multi-target optimization problem is described in a mathematical mode, the mathematical expression of the optimization problem is as follows:
minF(X)＝(f 1 (x),f 2 (x),f 3 (x),...,f m (x))
since there are conflicting characteristics between the targets of the multi-target problem, there are at least two sub-objective functions f i1 (x) And f i2 (x)，f i1 (x) Will cause f i2 (x) Corresponding variations and vice versa.
8. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 7 wherein: when the resolution, the exposure and the sensitivity of the unit images acquired by the photosensitive element are diversified, only an optimal solution is needed to be found out to serve as a balance solution of each optimization object when the diversified information is subjected to standardized multi-objective optimization, so that the method is suitable for all the unit images in the imaging process; for two possible solutions x 1 And x 1 WhileWith f i (x 1 )≤f i (x 2 ) And is also provided withSo that f i0 (x 1 )≤f i0 (x 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time x * The optimal solution is obtained when the solution is not subject to other solutions.
9. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S8, another part of the light is reflected from the beam-splitting plane lens and split by the dispersion prism to form a spectrum on the detector, which can detect the spectrum information on the corresponding unit image and mark the spectrum information.
10. The spectroscopic method of hyperspectral imaging as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the spectrum information detected by the detector is based on the two-dimensional image generated in the step S4, the two-dimensional image is formed by aggregating a plurality of unit images, each unit image is provided with a corresponding mark, the spectrum information of the corresponding mark is inserted according to the mark, and therefore the three-dimensional spectrum information which is based on the two-dimensional image and has the dimension of the spectrum information is formed.
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| CN202310897703.8A CN116972971A (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2023-07-21 | Spectrum light splitting method for hyperspectral imaging |
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