CN116970834A - Gradient metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gradient metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116970834A CN116970834A CN202311211985.8A CN202311211985A CN116970834A CN 116970834 A CN116970834 A CN 116970834A CN 202311211985 A CN202311211985 A CN 202311211985A CN 116970834 A CN116970834 A CN 116970834A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. Aiming at the problems that powder clamping, agglomeration and non-uniform powder mixing occur when the stirring head is used for coaxially feeding powder when the metal matrix composite material is prepared by stirring friction processing at present, the invention realizes the addition of another particle size reinforcing phase without changing the stirring head and the simultaneous addition of different particle size reinforcing phases by using the hollow multipath stirring head with pore channels of different specifications, thereby realizing the optimization of the proportion of various particle sizes; the micro numerical control motor in the stirring head is regulated and controlled to change the distribution of the components of the reinforcing phase, so that the preparation requirement of the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite with uniformly changed components is met. The invention has great significance for increasing the wear resistance of mechanical equipment parts and prolonging the service life of the mechanical equipment parts, so that the material can be widely and accurately applied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern technology, the performance requirements of various industries on materials are more stringent, wherein particle reinforced composite materials with many excellent performances such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and the like are widely applied, but the following problems still exist: 1) The realization of uniform distribution of reinforcing phase particles makes the preparation process and flow extremely complex; 2) The material sacrifices toughness and plasticity while improving strength due to the addition of reinforcing phase particles. In the actual service process, abrasion often only occurs on the surface of a workpiece, and the particle reinforced phase is difficult to compound on the surface of a material, so that the composite material with excellent surface abrasion resistance, core plastic and good toughness is obtained. According to the use requirement, different reinforcing phase components are added to obtain the gradient composite material with uniformly changed reinforcing phase components, so that the usability of the part under complex service conditions can be greatly improved.
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a very effective processing and preparation technique, and is a new technique for preparing material microstructure modification, fine-grain superplastic materials and surface composite materials. The stirring friction processing is to press the stirring head into the surface of the material, generate a large amount of friction heat by friction to heat the metal matrix around the stirring head to a thermoplastic softening state, and when the stirring head is fed along the processing direction at a certain speed, the internal material is continuously plastically deformed and crushed, the reinforced particles and the plastic metal material are mutually stirred and mixed, and finally, the purposes of refining the material structure, homogenizing the structure and reinforcing the material are achieved. However, the friction stir processing technology widely used at the present stage has the following key problems when preparing the continuous gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material:
1) In the FSP technology at the present stage, the stirring head is used for coaxially feeding powder, and powder clamping, agglomeration and non-uniform powder mixing can occur in the processing process of the enhanced phase;
2) The FSP technology is used for processing workpieces, so that most materials with uniform textures can be prepared, and the application range of the materials is limited while the consumable is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that powder clamping, agglomeration and non-uniform powder mixing occur when the stirring head coaxially feeds powder during the preparation of the metal matrix composite material during the stirring friction processing at present and the requirements of gradient surface composite material preparation are realized by changing the distribution of reinforced phase components according to the use requirements in order to adapt to various service conditions, the invention provides a gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material comprises the steps of adding a plurality of feeding pore canals with the same/different diameters to a stirring head through a friction stir processing method, and adding reinforcing phases with different particle diameters; adding reinforcing phase particles with corresponding sizes into the feeding pore canals with the same/different diameters until the feeding pore canals are completely filled; and (3) adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head, moving the stirring head to the surface of a workpiece to be processed, preparing a composite material layer on the surface of the workpiece, and changing the distribution of the components of the reinforced phase by adjusting and controlling a micro numerical control motor in the stirring head to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components.
Further, when the particle size of the reinforcing phase particles is d, the diameter of the feeding pore canal is 1.01 d-1.1 d.
Further, the number of the feeding holes is 6-8.
Further, the specific method for adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head is as follows: presetting a running track of a stirring head, and adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head to be 0.5 degrees+/-0.2 degrees.
Further, when the stirring head moves to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the rotating speed pressed into the surface of the workpiece to be processed is 100 rad/min-1000 rad/min, the pressing depth is 0.l mm-1.0 mm, and the stirring head stays for 1 s-10 s after being pressed.
Further, the specific method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components by regulating and controlling the micro numerical control motor in the stirring head and changing the distribution of the components of the reinforcing phase comprises the following steps: starting a micro numerical control motor to enable a fan blade for regulating and controlling the flow speed of reinforcing phase particles to rotate, setting the rotating speed to be 10 rad/min-100 rad/min, enabling the reinforcing phase particles to flow through a feeding hole and start to act on the surface of a workpiece under the driving of the rotating fan blade after the reinforcing phase particles flow into the upper part of the fan blade, controlling the rotating speed of the fan blade controlled by the micro numerical control motor in the running process of a stirring head according to the service condition requirement so as to change the quantity of the reinforcing phase particles acting on the surface of the workpiece and obtain a surface composite material with uniformly changed components, and controlling the stirring head to start to run along the machining direction, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring head is 100 rad/min-1000 rad/min, and the running speed of the stirring head is 5 mm/min-200 mm/min;
when the stirring processing is finished, the micro numerical control motor is turned off, the fan blades stop rotating, reinforcing phase particles in the feeding pore canal stay above the fan blades and do not flow out any more, the rotation and the advancing of the stirring head are stopped, the stirring head is lifted to be away from the surface of the workpiece, one-time processing is finished, and the steps are repeated to enable the whole surface to be processed to obtain the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material;
and (3) placing the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material on a smooth glass plane, sequentially and gradually increasing abrasive paper from 50 # to 1000# to polish the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material, then wiping the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material with 50% alcohol solution by volume percent, and naturally air-drying to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components.
The gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the stirring head used in the invention has the advantages that the phenomenon of powder clamping and particle agglomeration in the stirring head during powder feeding can not occur, the reinforced phase particles are more uniformly distributed, and the material performance is more obviously improved;
2. when the feeding pore channels of the stirring head are provided with different specifications, the stirring head is not replaced to add another particle size reinforcing phase, and the different particle size reinforcing phases are added simultaneously, so that the optimization of the proportion of various particle sizes is realized;
3. according to the invention, the rotation speed of the miniature numerical control motor in the stirring head is controlled, so that the components added by the reinforcing phase in the advancing process of the stirring head and the quantity are controllable, the gradient surface composite material with continuously changing components is obtained, and the composite material with different structural forms is designed according to different service conditions, so that the method is more suitable for different complex working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a graded metal matrix ceramic composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure image of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure image of example 2;
fig. 4 is a microstructure image of example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the graded metal matrix ceramic composite material according to the present invention; the preparation method of the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following steps: adding 6 feeding pore canals with the diameter of 1.1d to the stirring head by a friction stir processing method, and adding reinforcing phase particles with the corresponding size, wherein the particle size of the reinforcing phase particles is d until the feeding pore canals are completely filled; presetting a running track of a stirring head, adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head to be 0.7 degrees, moving the stirring head to the surface of a workpiece to be processed, preparing a composite material layer on the surface of the workpiece, pressing the stirring head into the surface of the workpiece to be processed at a rotating speed of 800 rad/min when the stirring head moves to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, pressing the stirring head into the surface of the workpiece to be processed at a pressing depth of 1.0mm, and stopping 8 s after pressing; the micro numerical control motor is started to enable the fan blade for regulating and controlling the flow speed of the reinforcing phase particles to rotate, the rotating speed is set to be 100 rad/min, after the reinforcing phase particles flow into the upper portion of the fan blade, the reinforcing phase particles flow through the feeding pore canal and start to act on the surface of a workpiece under the driving of the rotating fan blade, the rotating speed of the fan blade controlled by the micro numerical control motor in the running process of the stirring head is controlled according to the service condition requirement, so that the quantity of the reinforcing phase particles acting on the surface of the workpiece is changed, the surface composite material with uniformly changed components is obtained, the stirring head is controlled to start to run along the machining direction, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 800 rad/min, and the running speed of the stirring head is 200 mm/min. And when the stirring processing is finished, the micro numerical control motor is turned off, the fan blades stop rotating, reinforcing phase particles in the feeding pore canal stay above the fan blades and do not flow out any more, the rotation and the advancing of the stirring head are stopped, the stirring head is lifted to be away from the surface of the workpiece, one-time processing is finished, and the steps are repeated to enable the whole surface to be processed to obtain the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material. Placing the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material on a smooth glass plane, sequentially and gradually increasing abrasive paper from 50 # to 1000# to polish the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material, then wiping the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material with 50% of alcohol solution by volume percent, and naturally airing to prepare a gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components, wherein the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material is shown in FIG. 2, and the microstructure image of example 1 is shown in FIG. 2; vickers hardness is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 example 1 Vickers hardness
| Heat affected zone | Transition zone | Nugget region | |
| Hardness (HV) | 168 | 179 | 189 |
。
Example 2
The preparation method of the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following steps: adding 8 feeding pore canals with the diameter of 1.1d to the stirring head by a friction stir processing method, and adding reinforcing phase particles with the corresponding size, wherein the particle size of the reinforcing phase particles is d until the feeding pore canals are completely filled; presetting a running track of a stirring head, adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head to be 0.3 degrees, moving the stirring head to the surface of a workpiece to be processed, preparing a composite material layer on the surface of the workpiece, pressing the stirring head into the surface of the workpiece to be processed at a rotating speed of 100 rad/min when the stirring head moves to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, pressing the stirring head into the surface of the workpiece to be processed at a pressing depth of 0.3 mm, and staying for 1 s after pressing; the micro numerical control motor is started to enable the fan blade for regulating and controlling the flow speed of the reinforcing phase particles to rotate, the rotating speed is set to be 10 rad/min, after the reinforcing phase particles flow into the upper portion of the fan blade, the reinforcing phase particles flow through the feeding pore canal and start to act on the surface of a workpiece under the driving of the rotating fan blade, the rotating speed of the fan blade controlled by the micro numerical control motor in the running process of the stirring head is controlled according to the service condition requirement, so that the quantity of the reinforcing phase particles acting on the surface of the workpiece is changed, the surface composite material with uniformly changed components is obtained, the stirring head is controlled to start to run along the machining direction, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 100 rad/min, and the running speed of the stirring head is 5 mm/min. And when the stirring processing is finished, the micro numerical control motor is turned off, the fan blades stop rotating, reinforcing phase particles in the feeding pore canal stay above the fan blades and do not flow out any more, the rotation and the advancing of the stirring head are stopped, the stirring head is lifted to be away from the surface of the workpiece, one-time processing is finished, and the steps are repeated to enable the whole surface to be processed to obtain the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material. And (3) placing the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material on a smooth glass plane, sequentially and gradually increasing abrasive paper from 50 # to 1000# to polish the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material, then wiping the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material with 50% alcohol solution by volume percent, and naturally air-drying to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a microstructure image of example 2; vickers hardness is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 example 2 Vickers hardness
| Heat affected zone | Transition zone | Nugget region | |
| Hardness (HV) | 160 | 171 | 179 |
。
Example 3
The preparation method of the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following steps: adding 3 feeding pore canals with the diameter of 1.01d and 3 feeding pore canals with the diameter of 1.1d to the stirring head by a friction stir processing method, and adding reinforcing phase particles with corresponding sizes, wherein the particle size of the reinforcing phase particles is d until the feeding pore canals are completely filled; presetting a running track of a stirring head, adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head to be 0.5 degrees, moving the stirring head to the surface of a workpiece to be processed to prepare a composite material layer on the surface of the workpiece, and pressing the stirring head into the surface of the workpiece to be processed at a rotating speed of 1000 rad/min when the stirring head is moved to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, wherein the pressing depth is 0.l mm, and stopping for 10 s after pressing; the micro numerical control motor is started to enable the fan blades for regulating and controlling the flow speed of the reinforced phase particles to rotate, the rotating speed is set to be evenly increased from 40 rad/min to 70 rad/min, after the reinforced phase particles flow into the upper parts of the fan blades, the reinforced phase particles flow through the feeding pore canal and start to act on the surface of a workpiece under the driving of the rotating fan blades, the rotating speed of the fan blades controlled by the micro numerical control motor in the running process of the stirring head is controlled according to the service condition requirement, so that the quantity of the reinforced phase particles acting on the surface of the workpiece is changed, the surface composite material with evenly changed components is obtained, the stirring head is controlled to start to run along the machining direction, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 500 rad/min, and the running speed of the stirring head is 120 mm/min. And when the stirring processing is finished, the micro numerical control motor is turned off, the fan blades stop rotating, reinforcing phase particles in the feeding pore canal stay above the fan blades and do not flow out any more, the rotation and the advancing of the stirring head are stopped, the stirring head is lifted to be away from the surface of the workpiece, one-time processing is finished, and the steps are repeated to enable the whole surface to be processed to obtain the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material. And (3) placing the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material on a smooth glass plane, sequentially and gradually increasing abrasive paper from 50 # to 1000# to polish the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material, then wiping the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material with 50% alcohol solution by volume percent, and naturally air-drying to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components. As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a microstructure image of example 3; vickers hardness is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 example 3 Vickers hardness
| a is at a position | b part | c is at position c | |
| Hardness (HV) | 190 | 184 | 170 |
。
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. While the foregoing describes illustrative embodiments of the present invention to facilitate an understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but is to be construed as protected by the accompanying claims insofar as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a plurality of feeding pore canals with the same/different diameters to the stirring head through a stirring friction processing method, and adding reinforcing phase particles with corresponding sizes; adding reinforcing phase particles with corresponding sizes into the feeding pore canals with the same/different diameters until the feeding pore canals are completely filled; and (3) adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head, moving the stirring head to the surface of a workpiece to be processed, preparing a composite material layer on the surface of the workpiece, and changing the distribution of the components of the reinforced phase by adjusting and controlling a micro numerical control motor in the stirring head to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components.
2. The method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the particle size of the reinforcing phase particles is d, the diameter of the feeding pore canal is 1.01 d-1.10 d.
3. The method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of the feeding pore channels is 6-8.
4. The method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concrete method for adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head is as follows: presetting a running track of a stirring head, and adjusting the inclination angle of the stirring head to be 0.5 degrees+/-0.2 degrees.
5. The method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the stirring head moves to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the rotating speed pressed into the surface of the workpiece to be processed is 100 rad/min-1000 rad/min, the pressing depth is 0.l mm-1.0 mm, and the stirring head stays for 1 s-10 s after being pressed.
6. The method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for preparing the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components by regulating and controlling the micro numerical control motor in the stirring head to change the distribution of the components of the reinforcing phase comprises the following steps: starting a micro numerical control motor to enable a fan blade for regulating and controlling the flow speed of reinforcing phase particles to rotate, setting the rotating speed to be 10 rad/min-100 rad/min, enabling the reinforcing phase particles to flow through a feeding hole and start to act on the surface of a workpiece under the driving of the rotating fan blade after the reinforcing phase particles flow into the upper part of the fan blade, controlling the rotating speed of the fan blade controlled by the micro numerical control motor in the running process of a stirring head according to the service condition requirement so as to change the quantity of the reinforcing phase particles acting on the surface of the workpiece and obtain a surface composite material with uniformly changed components, and controlling the stirring head to start to run along the machining direction, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring head is 100 rad/min-1000 rad/min, and the running speed of the stirring head is 5 mm/min-200 mm/min;
when the stirring processing is finished, the micro numerical control motor is turned off, the fan blades stop rotating, reinforcing phase particles in the feeding pore canal stay above the fan blades and do not flow out any more, the rotation and the advancing of the stirring head are stopped, the stirring head is lifted to be away from the surface of the workpiece, one-time processing is finished, and the steps are repeated to enable the whole surface to be processed to obtain the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material;
and (3) placing the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material on a smooth glass plane, sequentially and gradually increasing abrasive paper from 50 # to 1000# to polish the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material, then wiping the periphery of the gradient surface composite wear-resistant material with 50% alcohol solution by volume percent, and naturally air-drying to prepare the gradient metal-based ceramic composite material with uniformly changed components.
7. The gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material prepared by the preparation method of the gradient metal matrix ceramic composite material according to any one of claims 1-6.
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| US20230057714A1 (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-02-23 | Harbin Institute Of Technology | Friction head and friction additive manufacturing method of adjusting components and synchronously feeding material |
-
2023
- 2023-09-20 CN CN202311211985.8A patent/CN116970834A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20231031 |