CN116352249A - Method for preparing metal matrix composite by friction stir processing and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing metal matrix composite by friction stir processing and application Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical group [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a metal matrix composite by friction stir processing, which comprises the steps of mixing a reinforcement body of the metal matrix composite with base material powder, and opening a groove with the width larger than the diameter of a stirring pin and the depth larger than the length of the stirring pin on a pure metal mold by utilizing a milling cutter according to the sizes of the stirring pin and a shaft shoulder in a stirring head of friction stir equipment; and adding the mixture of the reinforcing body and the base material powder into the groove and compacting the mixture to the greatest extent, and preparing the mixture under the multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme in a special stirring friction welding machine processing area by aligning the center of a stirring pin of a stirring head with the center of the groove, so that the metal matrix composite is obtained in the groove of the composite plate processing area, and the obtained metal matrix composite reinforcing body is uniformly distributed and has excellent mechanical and friction wear properties. The invention can automatically prepare a plurality of different metal-based composite materials without determining specific process parameters for different metal and reinforcement tests, and has wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a metal matrix composite by using a friction stir processing technology with a groove width larger than the diameter of a stirring pin and application thereof.
Background
The metal matrix composite material can simultaneously have the mechanical performance characteristics of light weight, high strength, high rigidity and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic power, biopharmaceutical, sports and the like; the metal base is mostly aluminum, magnesium, copper and alloys thereof, and there are also base materials with very high melting points such as high-entropy alloys, titanium alloys and the like. The friction stir processing technology with the solid phase processing characteristics has been developed for a period of time, and the existing friction stir processing technology has two characteristics when applied to the preparation of metal matrix composite materials, namely, the first metal plate is taken as a base material, namely, the metal plate is a metal matrix; secondly, holes or grooves are formed in the metal plate (the diameter of the holes or the width of the grooves are far smaller than the diameter of the stirring pin, the depth of the holes or the grooves is far smaller than the length of the stirring pin), reinforcing bodies are only added into the holes or the grooves, and the reinforcing bodies are mixed into the metal plate through a friction stir processing method to form the metal matrix composite. Particularly, the existing friction stir processing preparation method is not mature enough for different metal matrix composite materials, and when the friction stir processing preparation method faces different metal matrix composite materials, relevant friction stir processing parameters are required to be determined through experiments again each time, so that the application range of the existing friction stir processing technology in the aspect of preparing the metal matrix composite materials is limited. Therefore, the invention hopes to improve on the basis of the existing friction stir processing technology, develops a preparation method of various metal matrix composite materials with wider application range and more convenient application, and expands the application range of the preparation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing a metal matrix composite by friction stir processing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the reinforcement of the metal matrix composite material with the base material powder to achieve the effect of macroscopically and uniformly mixing the reinforcement in the base material powder and tightly combining the reinforcement with the base material powder; the particle size of the reinforcing body and the substrate powder is less than or equal to 100 micrometers;
(2) According to the sizes of a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder in a stirring head of the friction stirring equipment, a milling cutter is utilized to open a groove with the width larger than the diameter of the stirring pin and the depth larger than the length of the stirring pin on a pure metal mold; adding the mixture of the reinforcement and the base material powder into the groove and compacting the mixture to the greatest extent, and then covering a pure metal cover plate which is the same as the material of the die on the groove to form a composite plate structure; the material of the die is the same as the material of the prepared metal matrix composite; the cover plate is mainly used for preventing the reinforcing body and the base material powder from overflowing in the friction stir processing process; during processing, the cover plate is pressed on the surface of the die by using a clamp;
(3) In a special stirring friction welding machine processing area, the center of a stirring pin of a stirring head is aligned with the center of a groove, the stirring pin penetrates through a cover plate, the stirring pin is prepared under a multipass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme, a metal matrix composite is obtained at the groove of a composite plate processing area, and the obtained metal matrix composite reinforcement is uniformly distributed and has excellent mechanical and friction and wear properties.
The uniform and close mixing process of the reinforcement and the base material powder is completed through a variable speed ball milling process, the reinforcement and the base material powder are uniformly mixed and bonded with each other through low-speed ball milling, and the low-speed ball milling process is characterized in that: ball milling rotation speed is 100-200 r/min, and ball milling time is more than 4 hours; then, tightly combining the powder by high-speed ball milling, wherein the high-speed ball milling process window is as follows: the ball milling rotating speed is more than 200 rpm, and the ball milling time is less than 4 hours.
The method for uniformly and tightly mixing the reinforcement and the base material powder is not limited to variable speed ball milling, and other processes such as mixer mixing, magnetic stirring and the like can be adopted, so long as the reinforcement and the base material powder can be uniformly mixed and tightly combined.
Different materials of stirring heads are used according to different reinforcements, including but not limited to: when the reinforcement is silicon carbide, a tungsten steel stirring head is used, and the prepared silicon carbide metal matrix composite material has fine structure and excellent performance.
The construction steps of the composite board structure are as follows:
1) And determining the size of the die plate and the size of the opened groove according to the size of the stirring head. In the invention, the thickness of the mould is more than 1.5 mm longer than the length of the stirring pin, the width of the mould is more than three times of the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head, and the length of the mould is not less than 100 mm; the width of the groove is 1-3 mm larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, and the depth of the groove is more than 0.5 mm longer than the length of the stirring pin;
2) Milling the plate by a numerical control milling machine to obtain a groove according to the size of the die plate determined in the step 1); removing burrs in the grooves, wherein the surface roughness is not lower than Ra6.3;
3) Adding mixed powder into the groove, and compacting into blocks, as shown in fig. 15; after compaction, a cover plate which is made of the same material as the die plate and has the thickness of 2-3 mm is placed on the die plate to form a composite plate structure, and the length and the width of the cover plate are the same as those of the die plate.
According to the mixed powder compacting method, manual compaction can be adopted in the experimental stage, and intelligent automatic compacting technologies such as mechanical vibration and the like can be adopted in the mass production stage.
The shape of the stirring head is preferably a smooth cylinder near the shaft shoulder, so that mixed powder is prevented from splashing in the processing process.
The multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme at least comprises a pass process with a high stirring head rotating speed and a pass process with a low stirring head rotating speed; the pass process window with high stirring head rotating speed is as follows: the rotation speed of the stirring head is more than or equal to 2000 revolutions per minute, the processing speed is 40-200 mm per minute, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2-3 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.2-0.8 mm; the low stirring head rotating speed pass process window comprises the following steps: the rotation speed of the stirring head is 800-1200 rpm, the processing speed is 40-200 mm/min, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2-3 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.2-0.8 mm. The specific required processing pass is determined by the material of the stirring head and the type of the metal base, firstly, a pass process with high stirring head rotating speed is adopted to bond and form the powder, after the processing of the pass, whether the pass process with high stirring head rotating speed is added is determined according to whether macroscopic defects exist at the key hole, and if macroscopic defects exist, the pass process with high stirring head rotating speed is added, as shown in fig. 16; if the microscopic defects are not generated, a one-pass low stirring head rotating speed pass process is adopted to refine the microstructure. Generally, the stirring head material is hot work die steel, and the silicon carbide/graphene aluminum base, magnesium base and other light alloy metal matrix composite materials can be successfully prepared through 3-pass processing, wherein the process comprises a 2-pass high stirring head rotating speed process and a 1-pass low stirring head rotating speed process.
The method for preparing the metal matrix composite by friction stir processing is used for preparing a pure metal matrix composite, or an alloy metal matrix composite, or a composite formed by mixing a reinforcement and a pure metal matrix, or a high-melting-point metal matrix composite; the pure metal base includes but is not limited to aluminum, magnesium, copper; such reinforcements include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide or graphene; the high-melting point metal comprises, but is not limited to, high-entropy alloy and titanium alloy, and when the high-melting point metal is used for preparing the high-melting point metal matrix composite material, the stirring head is made of a material capable of bearing the high temperature of more than 1500 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for preparing the metal matrix composite by friction stir processing can automatically prepare various metal matrix composites of different types without determining specific technological parameters for tests of different metals and reinforcements, and has wide application range; the preparation process does not produce dust and other process pollution, and is environment-friendly and low-carbon; the content of the reinforcement is continuously controllable, and a metal-based composite material with the content of the reinforcement in a continuous proportion by mass fraction, such as a metal-based composite material with the content of the reinforcement in a mass fraction of 0-50 percent, can be prepared; the grain size of the prepared metal matrix composite material can reach nano-level (less than 1000 nanometers), the particle reinforcement can be thinned, and the size after thinning is 1/5-1/10 of the size of the original particle reinforcement. Compared with the conventional friction stir processing technology, the invention has the characteristics that: 1. the metal plate is not a base material but a mould, the type of the metal plate does not need to be specified, and the grooving size is far larger than that of the stirring pin, so that the mould material is not mixed into the prepared metal matrix composite material; 2. the reinforcement and the metal base material are both powder, and the powder can be mixed by adopting high-energy ball milling and other processes before friction stir processing, so that the reinforcement and the metal base material are uniformly and tightly wrapped and combined, and the reinforcement distribution in the prepared metal base composite material is more uniform and the combination with the metal base material is more tight after friction stir processing is facilitated; 3. the shape and the size design of the stirring pin are novel, the part contacted with the cover plate is not threaded, and the diameter and the length of the stirring pin are all limit sizes which can be born by the stirring head; 4. in the solid phase state, the bonding between the reinforcement and the metal matrix powder is realized to be shaped into a block.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a metal matrix composite according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the macro morphology of the silicon carbide/graphene-aluminum-based composite material obtained by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the grain structure of an 8 μm SiC Al matrix composite with a content of 20% obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the grain structure of the graphene-aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1% obtained in the embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the grain structure of the pure aluminum powder aluminum matrix composite material with 100% content obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the grain structure of 1060-H16 aluminum alloy obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the fracture morphology of an 8 μm SiC Al matrix composite with 20% content obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of fracture morphology of a graphene-aluminum-based composite material with a content of 1% obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of fracture morphology of a pure aluminum powder aluminum matrix composite material with 100% content obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the fracture morphology of 1060-H16 aluminum alloy obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the wear morphology of an 8 μm SiC Al matrix composite with 20% content obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the abrasion morphology of the graphene-aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1% obtained in the embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the abrasion morphology of a pure aluminum powder aluminum matrix composite material with 100% content obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the wear morphology of the 1060-H16 aluminum alloy obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of the present invention after compaction of the blended powder;
FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of the preparation of a metal matrix composite according to the present invention, wherein a, b, and c are schematic representations of macroscopic morphology determined for different processing passes of the aluminum matrix composite.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1-16:
example 1,
The method for preparing the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 20 percent comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing reinforcement silicon carbide of the metal matrix composite material with pure aluminum powder of base material powder, adopting a QM-3SP4 planetary ball mill, a 100 ml agate ball milling tank, and zirconia balls with diameters of 3mm and 6mm, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, a size-to-ball ratio of 3:1, a step of; under the condition of not isolating air at room temperature, ball milling is carried out at a low speed, and the parameters are as follows: ball milling rotation speed is 120r/min, and ball milling time is 6h; stopping cooling for 12 hours after low-speed ball milling, and then performing high-speed ball milling with the following parameters: the ball milling rotating speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 2h, the mixing of silicon carbide and pure aluminum is completed, the effects of macroscopically and uniformly mixing the reinforcement in the base material powder and tightly combining the reinforcement and the base material powder are achieved, and the base material and the reinforcement are mutually wrapped; the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is about 5 microns, and the grain diameter of the silicon carbide is about 8 microns;
(2) The embodiment adopts a hot working die steel stirring head, and the concrete dimensions are as follows: the length of the cylindrical stirring pin with the right-handed threads is 5.8 mm, the diameter of the cylindrical stirring pin is 7 mm, and the diameter of the groove-shaped shaft shoulder is 17 mm; the size of the die plate is as follows: length X width X height = 100mmX70mmX8mm, according to the size of stirring pin and shaft shoulder in the stirring head, utilize milling cutter to open the recess that the width is greater than the diameter of stirring pin, degree of depth is greater than stirring pin length on pure metal mold, the recess size is: length X width X depth = 60mm X8mm X6.5mm (see fig. 1); removing burrs in the grooves, wherein the surface roughness is not lower than Ra6.3; adding the mixture of the reinforcement and the base material powder into the groove and compacting to the greatest extent, and then covering a pure metal cover plate which is the same as the material of the die on the groove, wherein the size of the cover plate is as follows: length X width X height = 100mmX70mmX2mm, both of which constitute a composite board structure; the die and the cover plate are 1060 aluminum;
(3) In a machining area of a special stirring friction welder for HWI-JBH-T, preparing a stirring pin center of a stirring head aiming at a groove center under a multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed machining scheme, wherein machining passes are 3, the rotating speed of the stirring head in the first two passes is 2300 revolutions per minute, machining speed is 40 mm per minute, the dip angle of the stirring head is 2.5 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.4 mm; the rotation speed of the stirring head for the third time is 1200 revolutions per minute, the processing speed is 40 millimeters per minute, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2.5 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.4 millimeter; and 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20% is obtained at the groove of the composite board processing area, and the obtained metal matrix composite material reinforcement is uniformly distributed and has excellent mechanical and frictional wear properties.
EXAMPLE 2,
The preparation method of the graphene-aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 1% is adopted, the preparation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, wherein the diameter of the reinforced graphene sheet is 1-3 micrometers, and the thickness is 1-5 nanometers; and (3) obtaining the graphene-aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1% at the groove of the composite board processing area.
EXAMPLE 3,
The method of the invention is adopted to prepare the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 100 percent, and the preparation steps are the same as those of the example 1, wherein the raw materials only comprise pure aluminum powder with the grain diameter of about 5 microns; and (3) obtaining the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100% at the groove of the composite board processing area.
EXAMPLE 4,
The method of the invention is adopted to prepare the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 100 percent, and the preparation steps are the same as those of the example 1, wherein the raw materials only comprise pure aluminum powder with the grain diameter of about 5 microns; the die is made of 1060-H16 aluminum alloy.
The metal matrix composites obtained in comparative examples 1-4:
as shown in fig. 3-4, analytical microstructure can be obtained: the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent and the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent are obviously refined, and the structure is characterized by equiaxed uniformly distributed fine grains, wherein the grain sizes are respectively 8 nanometers and 4 nanometers. Among them, it is apparent in fig. 3 that the black silicon carbide particles are uniformly distributed, without agglomeration, and the size is refined, to the nano-scale. The tensile test at room temperature shows that: the tensile strength of the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent and the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent are 147Mpa and 121.1Mpa respectively; the elongation rates are 8 percent and 55.6 percent respectively; the fracture mechanism is cleavage fracture and plastic fracture respectively. Microhardness test at room temperature showed that: the microhardness of the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent and the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent at the center of a processing area is 126HV and 68HV respectively. The friction and wear test at room temperature shows that: the main abrasion mechanisms of the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent and the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent are adhesive abrasion and abrasive particle abrasion respectively.
As shown in fig. 5, the analytical microstructure can be obtained: the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent has obviously refined structure, presents equiaxed and evenly distributed fine grains, and has the grain size of nano-scale (80 nanometers). The tensile test at room temperature shows that: the tensile strength of the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent is 107Mpa; the elongation is 47%; the fracture mechanism is plastic fracture. Microhardness test at room temperature showed that: the microhardness of the center of the processing area of the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent is 48HV. The friction and wear test at room temperature shows that: the main abrasion mechanism of the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent is oxidation abrasion.
As shown in fig. 6, the microstructure was analyzed to obtain: the 1060-H16 aluminum alloy structure is slender, presents a certain directional distribution and has a grain size of 8 microns. The tensile test at room temperature shows that: the tensile strength of 1060-H16 aluminum alloy is 90Mpa; the elongation is 42%; the fracture mechanism is plastic fracture. Microhardness test at room temperature showed that: the 1060-H16 aluminum alloy has a microhardness of 30HV. The friction and wear test at room temperature shows that: the main wear mechanism of 1060-H16 aluminum alloy is stripping wear.
By comparing examples 1-4, it can be found that the novel process developed by the invention can be successfully processed and prepared for pure metal powder and mixed powder of reinforcement and pure metal powder. The microstructure is refined, and the difference of the performances of the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent, the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent, the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent, such as tensile property, microhardness, abrasion mechanism and the like is mainly caused by the content and the type of the reinforcing body. However, by comparing the performances of microstructure, tensile property, microhardness, abrasion mechanism and the like among the examples 1-4, the pure aluminum powder aluminum-based composite material with the content of 100 percent, the 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20 percent and the graphene aluminum-based composite material with the content of 1 percent are all superior to 1060-H16 aluminum alloy, which can prove the superiority of the novel process for preparing the metal-based composite material by friction stir processing with the development groove width larger than the diameter of a stirring pin.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a metal matrix composite by friction stir processing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the reinforcement of the metal matrix composite material with the base material powder to achieve the effect of macroscopically and uniformly mixing the reinforcement in the base material powder and tightly combining the reinforcement with the base material powder; the particle size of the reinforcing body and the substrate powder is less than or equal to 100 micrometers;
(2) According to the sizes of a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder in a stirring head of the friction stirring equipment, a milling cutter is utilized to open a groove with the width larger than the diameter of the stirring pin and the depth larger than the length of the stirring pin on a pure metal mold; the material of the die is the same as the base material of the prepared metal matrix composite material; adding the mixture of the reinforcement and the base material powder into the groove and compacting the mixture to the greatest extent, and then covering a pure metal cover plate which is the same as the material of the die on the groove to form a composite plate structure;
(3) In a special stirring friction welding machine processing area, the center of a stirring pin of a stirring head is aligned with the center of a groove, the stirring pin is prepared under a multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme, and a metal matrix composite is obtained at the groove of the composite board processing area.
2. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: the mixing process of the reinforcement and the base material powder is completed through a variable speed ball milling process, the reinforcement and the base material powder are uniformly mixed and bonded with each other through low-speed ball milling, and the low-speed ball milling process is characterized in that: ball milling rotation speed is 100-200 r/min, and ball milling time is more than 4 hours; then, tightly combining the powder by high-speed ball milling, wherein the high-speed ball milling process window is as follows: the ball milling rotating speed is more than 200 rpm, and the ball milling time is less than 4 hours.
3. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: the mixing method of the reinforcement and the base material powder comprises, but is not limited to, variable speed ball milling, mixer mixing or magnetic stirring, so that the reinforcement and the base material powder are uniformly mixed and tightly combined.
4. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: different materials of stirring heads are used according to different reinforcements, including but not limited to: when the reinforcement is silicon carbide or graphene, a tungsten steel stirring head or a hot work die steel stirring head is used.
5. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: the construction steps of the composite board are as follows:
1) The size of the die plate and the size of the opened groove are determined according to the size of the stirring head, the thickness of the die is more than 1.5 mm longer than the length of the stirring pin, the width of the die is more than three times the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head, and the length of the die is not less than 100 mm; the width of the groove is 1-3 mm larger than the diameter of the stirring pin, and the depth of the groove is more than 0.5 mm longer than the length of the stirring pin;
2) Milling the plate by a numerical control milling machine to obtain a groove according to the size of the die plate determined in the step 1); removing burrs in the grooves, wherein the surface roughness is not lower than Ra6.3;
3) Adding mixed powder into the groove, compacting, and placing a cover plate which is made of the same material as the die plate and has the thickness of 2-3 mm on the groove to form a composite plate structure, wherein the length and the width of the cover plate are the same as those of the die plate.
6. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: the appearance of the stirring head is a smooth cylinder near the shaft shoulder.
7. A method of producing a metal matrix composite using friction stir processing according to claim 1, wherein: the multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme at least comprises a pass process with a high stirring head rotating speed and a pass process with a low stirring head rotating speed; the pass process window with high stirring head rotating speed is as follows: the rotation speed of the stirring head is more than or equal to 2000 revolutions per minute, the processing speed is 40-200 mm per minute, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2-3 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.2-0.8 mm; the low stirring head rotating speed pass process window comprises the following steps: the rotation speed of the stirring head is 800-1200 rpm, the processing speed is 40-200 mm/min, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2-3 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.2-0.8 mm.
8. Use of a method for producing a metal matrix composite by friction stir processing according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that: for preparing pure metal matrix composites, or alloy metal matrix composites, or composites of reinforcement mixed with pure metal matrix, or refractory metal matrix composites; the pure metal base includes but is not limited to aluminum, magnesium, copper; such reinforcements include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide or graphene; the high-melting point metal comprises, but is not limited to, high-entropy alloy and titanium alloy, and when the high-melting point metal is used for preparing the high-melting point metal matrix composite material, the stirring head is made of a material capable of bearing the high temperature of more than 1500 ℃.
9. A method for preparing a metal matrix composite by friction stir processing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing an 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 20% or a graphene aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 1%, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of:
(1) Mixing reinforcement silicon carbide or graphene of the metal matrix composite material with pure aluminum powder of base material powder, adopting a QM-3SP4 planetary ball mill, adopting a 100 ml agate ball milling tank, and adopting zirconia balls with diameters of 3mm and 6mm, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, a size-to-ball ratio of 3:1, a step of; under the condition of not isolating air at room temperature, ball milling is carried out at a low speed, and the parameters are as follows: ball milling rotation speed is 120r/min, and ball milling time is 6h; stopping cooling for 12 hours after low-speed ball milling, and then performing high-speed ball milling with the following parameters: the ball milling rotating speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 2h, the mixing of silicon carbide and pure aluminum is completed, the effects of macroscopically and uniformly mixing the reinforcement in the base material powder and tightly combining the reinforcement and the base material powder are achieved, and the base material and the reinforcement are mutually wrapped; the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is 5 microns, and the grain diameter of the silicon carbide is 8 microns; the diameter of the graphene sheet is 1-3 microns, and the thickness is 1-5 nanometers;
(2) The embodiment adopts a hot working die steel stirring head, and the concrete dimensions are as follows: the length of the cylindrical stirring pin with the right-handed threads is 5.8 mm, the diameter of the cylindrical stirring pin is 7 mm, and the diameter of the groove-shaped shaft shoulder is 17 mm; the size of the die plate is as follows: length X width X height = 100mmX70mmX8mm, according to the size of stirring pin and shaft shoulder in the stirring head, utilize milling cutter to open the recess that the width is greater than the diameter of stirring pin, degree of depth is greater than stirring pin length on pure metal mold, the recess size is: length X width X depth = 60mm X8mm X6.5mm (see fig. 1); removing burrs in the grooves, wherein the surface roughness is not lower than Ra6.3; adding the mixture of the reinforcement and the base material powder into the groove and compacting to the greatest extent, and then covering a pure metal cover plate which is the same as the material of the die on the groove, wherein the size of the cover plate is as follows: length X width X height = 100mmX70mmX2mm, both of which constitute a composite board structure;
(3) In a special stirring friction welding machine processing area, the center of a stirring pin of a stirring head is aligned with the center of a groove, the stirring pin is prepared under a multi-pass variable stirring head rotating speed processing scheme, the processing pass is 3, the first two times of stirring head rotating speeds are 2300 revolutions/min, the processing speed is 40 mm/min, the dip angle of the stirring head is 2.5 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.4 mm;
the rotation speed of the stirring head for the third time is 1200 revolutions per minute, the processing speed is 40 millimeters per minute, the inclination angle of the stirring head is 2.5 degrees, and the pressing amount is 0.4 millimeter; and 8-micrometer silicon carbide aluminum-based composite material with the content of 20% or graphene aluminum-based composite material with the mass fraction of 1% is obtained at the groove of the composite board processing area.
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| CN116690125A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite brake disc and brake disc |
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| CN116690125A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite brake disc and brake disc |
| CN116690125B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-03 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite brake disc and brake disc |
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