CN116969588A - Method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite - Google Patents
Method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/40—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1263—Sequencing batch reactors [SBR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
A method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite comprises the following steps: (1) preparing magnetic low-expansion vermiculite: (1) grinding raw vermiculite, cleaning and drying; (2) soaking the low-expansion vermiculite in hydrogen peroxide solution or heating the low-expansion vermiculite by microwaves; (3) magnetically modifying the low-expansion vermiculite to obtain magnetic low-expansion vermiculite; (2) Inoculating activated sludge in a reactor, and culturing aerobic granular sludge; and (3) adding magnetic low-expansion vermiculite until the particles are mature. The invention adopts natural vermiculite, has convenient material taking, large storage capacity, simple preparation method and easy recovery, and does not have secondary pollution risk; the prepared magnetic low-expansion vermiculite can effectively promote the aggregation of microorganisms, regulate and control the microbial community structure and avoid excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria; the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite is used as a crystal nucleus, so that the formation of aerobic granular sludge can be effectively promoted, and the structural stability of the granules can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation to improve the stability of a particle structure, and relates to the technical field of aerobic sludge granulation in sewage treatment.
Background
Aerobic granular sludge is a special biological film formed by self aggregation under the influence of factors such as selective pressure, extracellular polymer and the like. Compared with the traditional processes such as activated sludge, the method has the advantages of excellent sedimentation performance, rich biomass, high pollutant removal efficiency, strong environment adaptability and the like. The interior of the particles is in a special layered structure, so that a suitable habitat is provided for the enrichment of various microorganisms, the occupied area and the operation energy consumption can be effectively reduced while the synchronous removal of pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is realized, and the method has important significance for energy conservation and consumption reduction in sewage treatment and has a wide application prospect.
However, the culture of the aerobic granular sludge is greatly influenced by external conditions, and the granulation process is slow under adverse conditions such as low load, low water conservancy shearing and the like. In addition, the gradient of matrix in the particles is large and is easy to expand the filamentous bacteria due to the influence of mass transfer limitation, and microorganisms at the core part are easy to cause the collapse of a skeleton structure, the disintegration of the particles and the loss of sludge due to the fact that sufficient nutrient matrix cannot be obtained in the long-term operation process, so that the development and the application of the technology are severely restricted.
In order to solve the above problems, researchers have developed a series of methods to promote sludge granulation and improve the structural stability of particles, wherein exogenously adding crystal nuclei is one of the common methods, and specific crystal nuclei materials include granular activated carbon, polyurethane, fly ash, diatomite and the like. However, the above materials have a high specific gravity and are easy to accumulate in the reactor to form a dead zone, and the means such as increasing aeration strength and adding mechanical stirring can improve the dispersity of the materials, but the materials can increase the operation energy consumption, and the loss of part of crystal nucleus materials can cause secondary pollution.
Therefore, developing a method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using light, easily-dispersible and recyclable crystal nucleus materials is one of the problems to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing technology of adding crystal nucleus to strengthen the granulation of the aerobic sludge, the invention provides a method for strengthening the granulation of the aerobic sludge by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite, which aims at promoting the aggregation of the sludge and inhibiting the proliferation of filiform bacteria by adding the light, easily-dispersible and recyclable magnetic low-expansion vermiculite and solving the problems of long culture period and poor long-term running stability of the aerobic granular sludge.
The invention relates to a method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing magnetic low-expansion vermiculite:
(1) raw vermiculite pretreatment: grinding raw vermiculite, performing ultrasonic cleaning treatment, cleaning with deionized water, and drying;
(2) preparing low-expansion vermiculite, and selecting the following method A or B:
A. fully soaking pretreated raw vermiculite in hydrogen peroxide solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5-1:15 until the volume of the vermiculite is not changed any more, filtering, taking out the vermiculite, soaking the vermiculite in deionized water for cleaning, removing supernatant, and drying to obtain low-expansion vermiculite;
B. heating pretreated raw vermiculite by using microwaves, soaking and cleaning the heated vermiculite by using ionic water, removing supernatant, and drying to obtain low-expansion vermiculite;
(3) magnetically modifying the low-expansion vermiculite:
the prepared low-expansion vermiculite is added into Fe according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:50-1:200 3+ In the solution, the mixture was sufficiently dispersed and then dispersed in a molar ratio of n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) Fe is added in a ratio of =1:1-2:1 2+ Then stirring for 0.5 hours in a 70 ℃ constant temperature water bath, adjusting the pH to 10 (by slowly dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water), and continuously stirring for 1 hour at 70 ℃; washing the solid matters filtered out of the mixed solution to be neutral, drying and screening to obtain the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite;
(2) Inoculating activated sludge in a reactor, culturing aerobic granular sludge by taking domestic sewage or industrial wastewater as a matrix, and adjusting the operation parameters of the reactor according to the physicochemical characteristics of the sludge in the operation process;
(3) And (3) adding the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite prepared in the step (1) in one time or periodically in the operation process of the step (2), recovering the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite which runs off along with the effluent in the operation process, and adding the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite into the reactor again by adopting a magnetic separation method until the particles are ripe.
The particle size of the ground raw vermiculite in the step (1) (1) is 20-100 mu m.
The expansion times of the low expansion vermiculite obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) are 5-10 times.
The volume fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution in the step (1) (2)A) is 10% -25%.
And (2) in the step (1) (2)B), the microwave power used for microwave heating is 500-800W, and the heating time is 0.5-2 minutes.
Fe of the step (1) (3) 3+ Fe in solution 3+ The concentration of (C) is 0.075-0.125mol/L.
The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite added in the step (3) has the particle size of 50-250 mu m, and is not suitable for being used as a crystal nucleus of granular sludge when being too large and too small.
The concentration of the received activated sludge in the reactor in the step (2) is 2-6g/L.
The reactor in the step (2) is a sequencing batch reactor, the operation period is 3-6 hours, the operation temperature is 10-25 ℃, the operation is performed in a water inlet (stirring), aeration, precipitation and drainage (idle) mode, the apparent gas velocity is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.3cm/s so as to provide necessary dissolved oxygen and hydraulic shear force, and the precipitation time is gradually adjusted according to the drainage height so as to screen sludge with the precipitation velocity of more than or equal to 15 m/h.
The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite amount added in the step (3) at one time is 1-3g/L.
The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite amount periodically added in the step (3) is 0.01-0.1g/L, and the adding period is once every 1-7 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) The raw material adopted by the invention is natural vermiculite, the materials are convenient to obtain, the storage capacity is large, the preparation method is simple and easy to recycle, and the risk of secondary pollution is avoided.
(2) The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite prepared by the invention has large specific surface area, positively charged surface and micromagnetic field, and can effectively promote the aggregation of microorganisms, regulate and control the microbial community structure and avoid excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria.
(3) The invention uses magnetic low-expansion vermiculite as crystal nucleus to effectively promote the formation of aerobic granular sludge, and the sludge granulation time can be shortened by more than 30% compared with the traditional culture method.
(4) The invention utilizes the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite to strengthen the granulation of the aerobic sludge, can effectively improve the structural stability of the particles, has the mechanical strength of mature particles which is more than 2 times that of the traditional granular sludge, can keep stable in the long-term low apparent gas velocity operation process, and can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the system operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microstructure of the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of particles under magnetic low expansion vermiculite reinforcement in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microscopic distribution of magnetic low-expansion vermiculite inside particles according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the time-dependent change of the particle sludge ratio during the operation of the reactor.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing structural strength of magnetic low expansion vermiculite strengthening particles with conventional particles.
Detailed Description
The above-described aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail by way of specific examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. The same methods implemented based on the subject matter described above are all intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Examples of preparing magnetic low expansion vermiculite are given below.
Example 1
(1) Raw vermiculite pretreatment
Grinding raw vermiculite, sieving to obtain particles with particle size of 20-100 μm, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic cleaner with ultrasonic frequency of 40KHz for 2min, and washing with deionized water for 3 times to completely remove the easily-separated part of the raw ore; and then dried at 80 ℃.
(2) Preparation of low-expansion vermiculite by hydrogen peroxide expansion method
Soaking the pretreated raw vermiculite in H with the volume fraction of 15% at room temperature according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10 2 O 2 In solution, until the vermiculite volume no longer changes significantly. And (3) cleaning the product with deionized water for 3 times after taking out the product, and obtaining the low-expansion vermiculite with expansion coefficient of 6.6.
(3) Using FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O is configured with Fe 3+ Fe with concentration of 0.125mol/L 3+ And adding the solution into the prepared low-expansion vermiculite according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:100. After the low-expansion vermiculite is fully dispersed, the low-expansion vermiculite is mixed with the catalyst according to n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) FeCl is added in a ratio of (1:1) 2 ·4H 2 O, stirring for 0.5h in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 70 ℃; then adding concentrated ammonia water dropwise to adjust the pH to 10, and stirring for 1h at 70 ℃. Repeatedly cleaning with deionized water to neutrality, and oven drying at 80deg.C to obtain Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with the loading of 300.6 mg/g.
Raw vermiculite is crushed in the expansion process and the process of preparing the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite, and the obtained magnetic low-expansion vermiculite is screened by a screen to obtain the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with the particle size of 50-150 mu m.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic substance loaded on the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite exists mainly in an agglomerate form.
Example 2
Step (1) of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
(2) Microwave heating process of preparing low expansion vermiculite
And taking a proper amount of pretreated raw vermiculite, heating for 1.5 minutes under the microwave power of 500W, and then washing with deionized water for 3 times to obtain the low-expansion vermiculite with the expansion coefficient of 8.4.
Step (3) of the present embodiment is different from step (3) of embodiment 1 in that: using Fe 3+ The concentration of the solution is 0.075mol/L, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the added low-expansion vermiculite is 1:50, and FeCl is added 2 ·4H 2 O ratio of n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) =1.5:1. Obtaining Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with loading of 100.51 mg/g.
And sieving through a screen to obtain the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with the particle size of 50-250 mu m.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in steps (2) and (3).
The hydrogen peroxide expansion method of step (2) of this example prepares low expansion vermiculite, which is: soaking in H with volume fraction of 25% at room temperature according to solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:15 2 O 2 In the solution, low-expansion vermiculite with expansion coefficient of 10.2 is obtained.
Step (3) Fe of the present embodiment 3 O 4 The load magnetic modification method comprises the following steps: using Fe 3+ The concentration of the solution is 0.1mol/L, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the added low-expansion vermiculite is 1:200, and the added FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O ratio of n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) =2:1. Obtaining Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with loading of 250 mg/g.
And sieving through a screen to obtain the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with the particle size of 50-250 mu m.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in steps (2) and (3).
The hydrogen peroxide expansion method of step (2) of this example prepares low expansion vermiculite, which is: soaking in H with volume fraction of 10% at room temperature according to solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5 2 O 2 In the solution, low-expansion vermiculite with expansion multiple of 8.8 is obtained.
Step (3) Fe of the present embodiment 3 O 4 The load magnetic modification method comprises the following steps: using Fe 3+ The concentration of the solution is 0.175mol/L, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the added low-expansion vermiculite is 1:150, and the added FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O ratio of n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) =2:1. Obtaining Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic low-expansion vermiculite with load of 397.1 mg/g.
Examples of enhancing aerobic sludge granulation are given below.
Example 5
The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite prepared in the embodiment 1 is adopted to strengthen aerobic sludge granulation.
In the embodiment, a sequencing batch reactor is adopted, referring to fig. 1, the reactor is made of organic glass, the effective volume of the reactor is 5L, the inner diameter is 11cm, and the height-diameter ratio is 5. The system air supply is provided by an aeration pump, and enters the reactor through a cylindrical aeration head at the bottom after being regulated by an air flowmeter. The reactor drainage ratio was 50% and was controlled by solenoid valves. During the whole operation process of the reactor, the operation of all instruments is controlled by a time control switch. The reactor is a sequencing batch reactor, the operation period is 3 hours, and the reactor respectively comprises a 10min water inlet period, a 50min anaerobic stirring period, a 102min aeration period, a 3min precipitation period, a 1min water drainage period and a 14min idle period, and the hydraulic retention time is 6 hours. The apparent gas velocity is 0.8+/-0.03 cm/s by adjusting the aeration intensity. The temperature in the reactor is controlled to be 20+/-2 ℃ in the process. And gradually adjusting the sedimentation time according to the drainage height to screen sludge with sedimentation speed of more than or equal to 15 m/h.
Preparing sewage, wherein a carbon source consists of sodium acetate, sodium propionate and glucose, the molar ratio of the sodium acetate to the sodium propionate is 1:2, the ratio of the total COD equivalent of the sodium acetate and the sodium propionate to the COD equivalent of the glucose is 1:1, and the COD of the inflow water is maintained at about 450 mg/L. In sewage waterThe nitrogen source of (2) consists of ammonium sulfate, urea and nitrate nitrogen in tap water, and the inlet water NH 4 + -N is 46mg/L, NO 3 - N is 5mg/L. The phosphorus source in the sewage is provided by dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the water is PO 4 3- -P is 7mg/L; the pH was 7.+ -. 0.4. Adding 0.11mg/L milk powder, 0.35mg/L starch and anhydrous CaCl into the water 2 31.29mg/L、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O41.64 mg/L and trace elements 0.5ml/L. The trace element component in the sewage is H 3 BO 3 300mg/L、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 240mg/L、MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 330mg/L、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 60mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 150mg/L、CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 4220mg/L、KI 60mg/L、NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 180mg/L、FeCl 3 10g/L。
The inoculation sludge is activated sludge of an actual sewage treatment plant, and the concentration of the activated sludge in the reactor after inoculation is 4g/L.
The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite prepared in the example 1 is added into a reactor in a periodic manner, and the addition amount per day is 0.1g/L until the particles are ripe.
As shown in FIG. 3, the microorganisms aggregate to form denser sludge granules, and the phenomena of filamentous fungus expansion and granule disintegration do not occur. As shown in fig. 4, the presence of magnetic low-expansion vermiculite can be observed in the interior of the particles, the surface of the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite is coated with a large amount of EPS, and a small amount of microbial cells are embedded in the EPS. The magnetic low-expansion vermiculite has strong binding capacity with microorganisms and extracellular polymers and plays a role in the form of a particle skeleton inside particles.
The culture mode provided by the invention is operated for 20 days, and the average particle size of sludge particles in the reactor reaches more than 0.2 mm. By day 60, the reactor entered a steady state. The particle size of the granular sludge (the particle size of the sludge >200 μm) in the steady operation stage is 80% or more of the sludge in the reactor, as shown in FIG. 5. The removal rates of the reactor for COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are 94.63%, 99.56% and 99.78% respectively.
Experiments prove that the concentration of the activated sludge in the reactor after inoculation is 2-6g/L, the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite is added at one time according to the proportion of 1-3g/L, or is added periodically according to the proportion of 0.01-0.1g/L every 1-7 days, and the method has good effect on strengthening the granulation of the aerobic sludge.
The following gives a comparative example of culturing aerobic granular sludge by conventional culture
The comparative example was run in essentially the same manner as the culture in step 2 of example 1, except that no magnetic low-expansion vermiculite was added.
After 30 days of culture, the activated sludge in the reactor was granulated. However, on about 50 days, the particles in the reactor are disintegrated, a large amount of granular sludge is disintegrated into flocs, and the proportion of the particles in the subsequent experiments is not more than 80% all the time (as shown in fig. 5). The removal rates of the reactor for COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are 94.08%, 66.18% and 99.72%, respectively. Sludge granulation in systems relies mainly on the co-municipal granular structure of the filamentous bacteria and the extracellular polymer, whereas overgrowth of the filamentous bacteria and insufficient secretion of the extracellular polymer lead to disintegration of the granules, making it difficult for the system to maintain good pollutant removal efficiency.
The particle strength of the aerobic granular sludge cultured in example 1 and comparative example was tested using ultrasonic crushing experiments, and as shown in fig. 6, the particle strength of example 1 was significantly higher than that of comparative example.
In conclusion, the method for strengthening the aerobic sludge granulation by using the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite can effectively improve the structural stability of the granular sludge, so that the granular sludge can keep long-term stable operation and has better sewage treatment efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing magnetic low-expansion vermiculite:
(1) raw vermiculite pretreatment: grinding raw vermiculite, performing ultrasonic cleaning treatment, cleaning with deionized water, and drying;
(2) preparing low-expansion vermiculite, and selecting the following method A or B:
A. fully soaking pretreated raw vermiculite in hydrogen peroxide solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5-1:15 until the volume of the vermiculite is not changed any more, filtering, taking out the vermiculite, soaking the vermiculite in deionized water for cleaning, removing supernatant, and drying to obtain low-expansion vermiculite;
B. heating pretreated raw vermiculite by using microwaves, soaking and cleaning the heated vermiculite by using ionic water, removing supernatant, and drying to obtain low-expansion vermiculite;
(3) magnetically modifying the low-expansion vermiculite:
the prepared low-expansion vermiculite is added into Fe according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:50-1:200 3+ In the solution, the mixture was sufficiently dispersed and then dispersed in a molar ratio of n (Fe 3+ ):n(Fe 2+ ) Fe is added in a ratio of =1:1-2:1 2+ Stirring in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 70 ℃ for 0.5 hour, adjusting the pH value to 10, and continuously stirring for 1 hour at 70 ℃; washing the solid matters filtered out of the mixed solution to be neutral, and drying to obtain magnetic low-expansion vermiculite;
(2) Inoculating activated sludge in a reactor, culturing aerobic granular sludge by taking domestic sewage or industrial wastewater as a matrix, and adjusting the operation parameters of the reactor according to the physicochemical characteristics of the sludge in the operation process;
(3) And (3) adding the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite prepared in the step (1) in one time or periodically in the operation process of the step (2), recovering the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite which runs off along with effluent in the operation process, and adding the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite into the reactor again until the particles are mature.
2. The method for reinforcing aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the ground raw vermiculite in the step (1) (1) is 20-100 μm.
3. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the expansion ratio of the low-expansion vermiculite obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) is 5-10 times.
4. The method for enhancing aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution in the step (1) (2)A) is 10% -25%.
5. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the microwave power used in the microwave heating in the step (1) (2)B) is 500-800W, and the heating time is 0.5-2 minutes.
6. The method for enhancing aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein Fe in the steps (1) and (3) 3+ Fe in solution 3+ The concentration of (C) is 0.075-0.125mol/L.
7. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite added in the step (3) is 50-250 μm.
8. The method for reinforcing aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the activated sludge received in the reactor in the step (2) is 2-6g/L.
9. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the reactor in the step (2) is a sequencing batch reactor, the operation period is 3-6 hours, the operation temperature is 10-25 ℃, the operation is performed in a water inlet mode, an aeration mode, a precipitation mode and a drainage mode, the apparent gas velocity is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.3cm/s so as to provide necessary dissolved oxygen and hydraulic shear force, and the precipitation time is gradually adjusted according to the drainage height so as to screen sludge with the precipitation velocity of more than or equal to 15 m/h.
10. The method for strengthening aerobic sludge granulation by using magnetic low-expansion vermiculite according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite amount added in the step (3) at one time is 1-3g/L; the magnetic low-expansion vermiculite amount is 0.01-0.1g/L, and the adding period is once every 1-7 days.
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