CN116967563A - In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting - Google Patents
In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116967563A CN116967563A CN202311181839.5A CN202311181839A CN116967563A CN 116967563 A CN116967563 A CN 116967563A CN 202311181839 A CN202311181839 A CN 202311181839A CN 116967563 A CN116967563 A CN 116967563A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- main electrode
- crucible
- auxiliary electrode
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 208000037966 cold tumor Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010314 arc-melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to an in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting, which comprises the following steps: the protective cylinder is concentrically arranged in the crucible, and the main electrode is arranged at the inner bottom of the crucible; the auxiliary electrode is arranged in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and the furnace is sealed and vacuumized; power transmission arcing is carried out until the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode, and power is cut off; the auxiliary electrode is lowered to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode, and the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode is brought into close contact with the upper end face of the main electrode, and is discharged from the furnace. According to the application, the welding process is improved, the molten liquid splashing is reduced, meanwhile, the protective cylinder is arranged before welding for further protection, the influence of splashing on the crucible is avoided under the isolation protection effect of the cylinder body, the liquid in the molten pool is prevented from splashing to the crucible wall to generate a large amount of cold tumors, and meanwhile, the structure, the arrangement mode, the position and the materials of the protective cylinder are limited, so that the influence of the arrangement of the protective cylinder on the normal welding process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electrode welding processes for vacuum consumable arc melting, in particular to an in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting.
Background
The smelting process is an important link of various titanium alloy production, the quality and stability of the process determine the quality grade of bars, plates, wires, pipes, powder materials and the like produced by the process, the industrial production of titanium and titanium alloy almost adopts a vacuum consumable electrode arc melting (VAR) technology at present, and the VAR method has the advantages of lower equipment investment and operation cost, simple operation technology and good effect on the quality and uniformity of finished titanium materials. Therefore, the method is used as a first process method for producing titanium and titanium alloy materials for aviation and aerospace, and still plays an important role in various titanium smelting methods in the future.
Before vacuum consumable arc melting the main electrode, the auxiliary electrode needs to be welded with the main electrode. The existing welding method adopts in-furnace vacuum welding, but the welding method needs to put an auxiliary electrode and a main electrode into a vacuum consumable arc furnace, manually adjust the axis alignment of the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode, vacuumize and prepare butt welding by an operator with abundant experience. In the whole welding process, an operator continuously adjusts current, voltage and arc stabilizing parameters according to personal experience according to the change condition of a molten pool and arc light in the furnace, a molten pool is formed at the upper end of a main electrode, and then an auxiliary electrode is pressed down to butt-weld the auxiliary electrode in a mode that the auxiliary electrode is directly connected with the molten pool.
The prior art has the following defects: the requirement on the operation level of operators is high during welding, and different operators have no unified standard, so that the welding quality difference is large; the molten liquid in the arc heat release area is easy to splash, a large amount of cold tumors are generated on the crucible wall by splashing the molten liquid, and in the normal vacuum consumable arc melting process, the cold tumors on the crucible wall are easy to generate the point discharge arcing condition, so that the normal melting arcing is influenced, and the normal use of the crucible is further influenced, and the normal melting process is destroyed; meanwhile, when the auxiliary electrode is pressed down, the condition of high speed exists, when the lower end of the auxiliary electrode contacts with the upper molten pool of the main electrode, the molten pool is impacted by the auxiliary electrode, and liquid in the molten pool can splash to the crucible wall to generate a large amount of cold tumors, so that the normal use of the crucible is influenced, the normal smelting process is damaged, and the cold tumors on the crucible wall need to be cleaned regularly.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to solve the problems that in the prior art, the welding quality difference of different operators is large, and molten liquid is easy to splash on the wall of a crucible in the welding process to generate a large amount of cold tumors, so that the normal use of the crucible is affected and the normal smelting process is damaged. The present application provides an in-furnace welding method for an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting, which can solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
An in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting, comprising the following steps:
s10, arranging a protective cylinder in a crucible in a concentric manner, arranging a main electrode in the inner bottom of the crucible, arranging the main electrode and the protective cylinder in a concentric manner, and arranging the crucible in a vacuum consumable arc furnace;
s20, installing an auxiliary electrode in the vacuum consumable arc furnace, aligning the auxiliary electrode with the main electrode, sealing the furnace and vacuumizing;
s30, starting an arc by using 4KA to 6KA current, controlling the voltage to be 27V to 29V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 6A to 9A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode to be 10mm to 15mm, adding current to be 8KA to 10KA after 4min to 5min, controlling the voltage to be 28V to 30V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 15A to 18A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode to be 15mm to 20mm, and powering off after the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode;
s40, lowering the auxiliary electrode to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode, enabling the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode to be in close contact with the upper end face of the main electrode, removing the welded auxiliary electrode and the main electrode from the vacuum consumable arc furnace after at least 25min, and removing the protective cylinder from the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace, the protective cylinder comprises a cylinder body and a mounting flange arranged at one end of the cylinder body; in the step S10: the mounting flange is hung on the upper edge of the crucible in an insulating way, and the cylinder body is concentrically arranged in the crucible; in the step S20, a butt welding position of the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode is located in the cylinder.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in a furnace, the electrode further includes an insulating ring pad, and in the step S10: the insulating ring pad is arranged between the mounting flange and the upper edge of the crucible, so that the mounting flange and the crucible are arranged in an insulating manner.
Preferably, in the above-described method for welding an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in a furnace, in the step S10: the distance between the cylinder and the crucible is more than 10cm.
Preferably, in the above-described method for welding an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in a furnace, in the step S10: the distance between the cylinder and the main electrode is more than 10cm.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace, the cylinder is a silicon nitride ceramic cylinder.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace, the upper end of the main electrode is provided with a groove, and the chamfer of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode is C6-C10.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace, in the step S30, after the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode is larger than the lower end surface of the auxiliary electrode, the power is turned off after 1 to 3 minutes.
Preferably, in the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace, in the step S30, after the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode, the current is reduced to 2KA, the voltage is 20V to 24V, the arc stabilizing current is 18A to 20A, the distance between the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode is controlled to be 8mm to 12mm, and the power is cut off after the maintenance is performed for 1min to 3 min.
Preferably, the method for welding the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting in the furnace further comprises the following steps:
s50, after the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode to be welded are cooled outside the furnace, eliminating weld flash.
The technical scheme adopted by the application can achieve the following beneficial effects:
in the in-furnace welding method of the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting disclosed by the embodiment of the application, a unified operation standard is provided for welding operators, the operation level requirement on the operators is reduced, the operators weld the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode in the vacuum consumable arc furnace according to the method, the good and uniformity of welding quality are effectively ensured, and the fluctuation of a molten pool is reduced by precisely controlling welding holding current, voltage, arc stability and holding time in the welding process, so that the molten pool is stable, the splashing condition of molten liquid in an arc heat release area is reduced, and a large number of cold tumors are avoided from being generated by the molten liquid splashing to the inner wall of the crucible; the power is cut off before the auxiliary electrode is lowered, a worker can flexibly and freely control the lowering speed of the auxiliary electrode according to actual conditions, the situation that the speed is high when the auxiliary electrode is lowered is avoided, molten metal is filled in the groove and cannot overflow, extruded metal overflows to the outer edge chamfer of the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode, splashing can be further reduced, a large number of cold tumors are prevented from being generated due to the fact that liquid in a molten pool splashes to the inner wall of the crucible, the contact area of a welding line can be increased, and the welding strength is improved; meanwhile, the butt welding position of the auxiliary electrode and the main electrode is located in the cylinder, even if molten liquid in an arc light heat release area splashes, even if the auxiliary electrode descends at a higher speed to cause liquid in a molten pool to splash, the splashed molten liquid also splashes to the cylinder, under the protection effect of the cylinder, the molten liquid does not splash to the inner wall of the crucible, and under the isolation protection effect of the cylinder, the influence of splashing on the crucible is avoided, a large number of cold tumors are generated on the crucible wall due to the fact that liquid in the molten pool splashes to the crucible wall, and further the normal use of the crucible is prevented from being influenced and the normal smelting process is prevented from being damaged.
In summary, the application reduces the splashing of the molten liquid (also called as molten metal in the above description) by improving the welding process, and firstly proposes to arrange the protective cylinder before welding for further protection, thereby avoiding the influence of the splashing on the crucible under the isolation protection effect of the cylinder body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation of an in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of butt welding of a main electrode and an auxiliary electrode according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein: the protective cylinder 100, the cylinder 110, the mounting flange 120, the crucible 200, the main electrode 300, the groove 310, the auxiliary electrode 400, and the insulating ring gasket 500.
Description of the embodiments
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the application. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "top," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the application discloses an in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting, comprising the following steps:
s10, arranging the protective cylinder 100 in the crucible 200 concentrically, arranging the main electrode 300 at the inner bottom of the crucible 200, arranging the main electrode 300 and the protective cylinder 100 concentrically, and arranging the crucible 200 in a vacuum consumable arc furnace;
firstly, sawing and flattening two ends of a main electrode 300 and an auxiliary electrode 400, chamfering the outer edges of the lower end faces of the auxiliary electrode 400, wherein the chamfering of the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode 400 is C6-C10, and the purpose is that in the welding process of the auxiliary electrode 400, a welding seam molten pool overflows to the outer edges of the lower end faces of the auxiliary electrode 400, the contact area of welding seams is further increased, the welding strength is improved, and overflowed metal solution is located at the outer edges of the lower end faces of the auxiliary electrode 400, so that protruding weld flash can be prevented from being formed. Meanwhile, the upper end of the main electrode 300 is provided with the groove 310, so that the groove 310 is arranged at the upper end of the main electrode 300, and during welding, molten metal is filled in the groove 310 and cannot overflow, so that protruding weld flash can be avoided.
Then, the protective cylinder 100 is concentrically arranged in the crucible 200, and the protective cylinder 100 comprises a cylinder 110 and a mounting flange 120 arranged at one end of the cylinder 110; when the protective cylinder 100 is concentrically arranged in the crucible 200, the mounting flange 120 is hung on the upper edge of the crucible 200 in an insulating manner, so that the cylinder 110 is suspended in the crucible 200, and the cylinder 110 suspended in the crucible 200 is concentrically arranged with the crucible 200, that is, the cylinder 110 is concentrically arranged in the crucible 200. Because the crucible 200 needs to be charged in the welding process, a certain gap should be provided between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 to avoid arcing between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200, specifically, the distance between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 should be greater than 10cm to ensure that a safe distance is provided between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 to avoid the arcing between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 to affect the normal use of the vacuum consumable arc furnace, and the mounting flange 120 needs to be hung on the crucible 200 in an insulating manner, specifically, the insulating ring pad 500 is further included, and the insulating ring pad 500 is arranged between the mounting flange 120 and the upper edge of the crucible 200 to ensure that the mounting flange 120 is arranged in an insulating manner with the crucible 200 to avoid the conduction between the mounting flange 120 and the crucible 200 to affect the normal use of the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
And then the main electrode 300 is arranged at the inner bottom of the crucible 200, the main electrode 300 and the protective cylinder 100 are concentrically arranged, and the upper end of the main electrode 300 is positioned in the protective cylinder 100, and a certain gap is needed between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 in the welding process so as to avoid arcing between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300, specifically, the distance between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 is larger than 10cm, so that a safe distance is reserved between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300, and the normal use of the vacuum consumable arc furnace is prevented from being influenced by the arcing between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300.
In order to avoid arcing between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 and between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200, the distances between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 and between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 should be greater than 10cm, so that a large amount of space in the crucible is wasted, when the main electrode 300 to be welded is thicker and the crucible 200 is smaller, the setting requirement of 10cm cannot be met, and based on the setting requirement, the cylinder 110 is optionally a silicon nitride ceramic cylinder, and the silicon nitride ceramic cylinder is an insulating cylinder, so that the silicon nitride ceramic cylinder can be not affected by the distance, the cylinder 110 is attached to the main electrode 300, the cylinder 110 is attached to the crucible 200, and the distances between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 and between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 are not required to be greater than 10cm, so that the space in the crucible 200 can be saved, the crucible ratio can be improved, the welding under the condition that the main electrode 300 is thicker and the crucible 200 is smaller can be met, the application range of the welding process can be improved, and the practicability can be further improved.
After the shield canister 100 and the main electrode 300 are disposed within the crucible 200, the crucible 200 is placed within a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
S20, the auxiliary electrode 400 is arranged in the vacuum consumable arc furnace, the auxiliary electrode 400 is aligned with the main electrode 300, the auxiliary electrode 400 is positioned in the cylinder 110 and concentrically arranged, and the butt welding position of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 is positioned in the cylinder 110, and when the distance between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 is larger than 10cm, the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the cylinder 110 is larger than 10cm because the outer diameter of the auxiliary electrode 400 is usually smaller than the outer diameter of the main electrode 300, so that the arcing between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the cylinder 110 can be avoided. In this process, the auxiliary electrode 400 is required to be aligned with the main electrode 300 so that the centers of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 are re-aligned, and the concentric arrangement of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the cylinder 110 is completed in the process of aligning the auxiliary electrode 400 with the main electrode 300.
And then sealing the furnace for vacuumizing, when the vacuum degree is below 1.0pa and the leak rate is below 0.13pa/min, ensuring the vacuum degree, avoiding influencing the welding quality due to oxidation at the welding position, and then starting welding.
S30, power transmission arcing: firstly, starting an arc by adopting 4KA to 6KA current, controlling the voltage to be 27V to 29V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 6A to 9A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 10mm to 15mm, adding current to be 8KA to 10KA after 4min to 5min, controlling the voltage to be 28V to 30V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 15A to 18A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 15mm to 20mm, and powering off after the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400;
firstly, small current is used for arcing for 4 to 5 minutes, the purpose is to preheat the welding position of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 by free arc light under low current, the temperature of the welding position of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 is gradually increased, after preheating, a molten pool is quickly built by large current until the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, and then the power is cut off. Parameters such as current, voltage, arc distance and the like are controlled by changing the voltage, current and stable arc ring size of the arc, so that fluctuation of a molten pool is reduced, the molten pool is stable, and the splashing condition of molten liquid in an arc heat release area is reduced.
The area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, and the area of the molten pool formed on the plane of the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end surface of the auxiliary electrode 400, so that the welding area can be effectively increased, and the connection strength between the main electrode 300 and the auxiliary electrode 400 can be improved. Meanwhile, it can be avoided that the metal solution is insufficient to tightly connect the main electrode 300 with the auxiliary electrode 400; too much molten metal in the molten pool can be avoided, and the molten metal is easy to overflow the molten pool or splash everywhere.
Further, after the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, the power is turned off after the power is maintained for 1 to 3 minutes, so that the stability of the area of the molten pool can be ensured, and the welding effect is ensured.
After the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, if the molten pool is kept for 1min to 3min in a high-current mode, excessive metal solution in the molten pool is easily caused to overflow the molten pool or splash everywhere, if the mode of keeping the molten pool for 1min to 3min is adopted, the temperature of the molten pool is reduced, the heat preservation effect cannot be achieved, the welding failure is easily caused under the condition that cooling exists, and based on the fact, optionally, after the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, the current is reduced to 2KA, the voltage is 20V to 24V, the arc stabilizing current is 18A to 20A, the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 is controlled to be 8mm to 12mm, and the power is cut off after keeping for 1min to 3min, so that the establishment of the molten pool can be slowed down, and the welding pool is gradually appeared and reach a full state. The small current is adopted for heat preservation, so that the situation that the molten metal overflows the molten pool or splashes everywhere due to the fact that the full molten pool is further preserved, and the phenomenon that the molten pool overflows outside the molten pool is avoided, the temperature of the molten pool is prevented from being reduced, and welding failure is prevented.
S40, the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode 300, and the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode 400 is tightly contacted with the upper end face of the main electrode 300, at least 25min later, so as to ensure the contact time between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 and ensure effective welding.
The welded auxiliary electrode 400 and main electrode 300 are then removed from the vacuum consumable arc furnace, and the shield cartridge 100 is then removed from the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
S50, after the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be welded are cooled outside the furnace, eliminating weld flash at the welding position of the main electrode 300 and the auxiliary electrode 400.
In the in-furnace welding method of the electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting disclosed by the embodiment of the application, a unified operation standard is provided for welding operators, the operation level requirement on the operators is reduced, the operators weld the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 in the vacuum consumable arc furnace according to the method, the good and uniformity of welding quality are effectively ensured, and in the welding process, the fluctuation of a molten pool is reduced by precisely controlling welding holding current, voltage, arc stability and holding time, so that the molten pool is stable, the splashing condition of molten liquid in an arc heat release area is reduced, and a large number of cold tumors are avoided from being generated by the molten liquid splashing to the inner wall of the crucible 200; the power is cut off before the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered, so that a worker can flexibly and freely control the lowering speed of the auxiliary electrode 400 according to actual conditions, the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered more stably, the condition that the speed is high when the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered is avoided, molten metal is filled in the groove and cannot overflow, the extruded metal overflows to the outer edge chamfer of the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode 400, splashing can be further reduced, a large number of cold tumors are avoided from being generated due to the fact that liquid in a molten pool splashes to the inner wall of the crucible 200, the contact area of a welding line can be increased, and the welding strength is improved; meanwhile, the butt welding position of the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 is located in the cylinder 110, even if molten liquid in an arc light heat release area splashes, even if the auxiliary electrode 400 descends at a relatively high speed to cause liquid in a molten pool to splash to the cylinder 110, the splashed molten liquid can not splash to the inner wall of the crucible 200 under the protection effect of the cylinder 110, and the influence of the splash to the crucible 200 is avoided under the isolation protection effect of the cylinder 110, so that the normal use of the crucible 200 is prevented from being influenced and the normal smelting process is prevented from being damaged.
Finally, in the present application, while the molten liquid (also referred to as molten metal in the foregoing) is reduced by improving the welding process, it is proposed for the first time that the protective cylinder 100 is provided for further protection before welding, the influence of the splash on the crucible 200 is avoided under the isolation protection effect of the cylinder 110, and meanwhile, the structure, the arrangement manner, the position and the material of the protective cylinder 100 are limited, so that the normal welding process is prevented from being affected by the arrangement of the protective cylinder 100.
The following description is made in connection with specific technical processes:
example 1
S10, arranging the protective cylinder 100 in the crucible 200 concentrically, arranging an insulating ring gasket 500 between the mounting flange 120 and the upper edge of the crucible 200, wherein the distance between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 is 12cm, then arranging a groove 310 at the upper end of the main electrode 300, arranging the main electrode 300 in the inner bottom of the crucible 200, arranging the main electrode 300 and the protective cylinder 100 concentrically, arranging the distance between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 is 12cm, and arranging the crucible 200 in a vacuum consumable arc furnace;
s20, firstly, setting a chamfer of C8 at the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, then, installing the auxiliary electrode 400 in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, aligning the auxiliary electrode 400 with the main electrode 300, sealing the furnace, vacuumizing, and starting welding when the vacuum degree is below 1.0pa and the leak rate is below 0.13 pa/min;
s30, starting an arc by using 4KA current, controlling the voltage to be 28V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 9A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 15mm and 4min, adding the current to be 8KA, controlling the voltage to be 30V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 17A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 18mm, reducing the current to be 2KA until the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, controlling the voltage to be 20V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 20A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 10mm, and powering off after keeping for 2 min;
s40, the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode 300, the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode 400 is in close contact with the upper end face of the main electrode 300, after at least 25min, the welded auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 are moved out of the vacuum consumable arc furnace, and then the protective cylinder 100 is moved out of the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
S50, after the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be welded are cooled outside the furnace, eliminating weld flash.
In the welding process, no arcing and discharge exists between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 and between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300, the welding process is normal and stable, no cold nubs exist in the crucible 200, and few cold nubs exist on the inner side of the cylinder 110.
Example two
S10, arranging a protective cylinder 100 in a crucible 200 concentrically, arranging an insulating ring gasket 500 between a mounting flange 120 and the upper edge of the crucible 200, arranging a silicon nitride ceramic cylinder in a cylinder 110, wherein the distance between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 is 3cm, arranging a groove 310 at the upper end of a main electrode 300, arranging the main electrode 300 in the inner bottom of the crucible 200, arranging the main electrode 300 and the protective cylinder 100 concentrically, arranging the distance between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300 is 5cm, and arranging the crucible 200 in a vacuum consumable arc furnace;
s20, firstly, setting a chamfer of C8 at the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, then, installing the auxiliary electrode 400 in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, aligning the auxiliary electrode 400 with the main electrode 300, sealing the furnace, vacuumizing, and starting welding when the vacuum degree is below 1.0pa and the leak rate is below 0.13 pa/min;
s30, starting an arc by using 5KA current, controlling the voltage to be 27V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 8A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 15mm and 4min, adding the current to be 9KA, controlling the voltage to be 30V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 16A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 18mm, reducing the current to be 2KA until the area of a molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode 300 is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode 400, controlling the voltage to be 23V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 20A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be 10mm, and powering off after keeping for 2 min;
s40, the auxiliary electrode 400 is lowered to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode 300, the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode 400 is in close contact with the upper end face of the main electrode 300, after at least 25min, the welded auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 are moved out of the vacuum consumable arc furnace, and then the protective cylinder 100 is moved out of the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
S50, after the auxiliary electrode 400 and the main electrode 300 to be welded are cooled outside the furnace, eliminating weld flash.
In the welding process, no arcing and discharge exists between the cylinder 110 and the crucible 200 and between the cylinder 110 and the main electrode 300, the welding process is normal and stable, no cold nubs exist in the crucible 200, and few cold nubs exist on the inner side of the cylinder 110.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting, comprising the steps of:
s10, concentrically arranging a protective cylinder (100) in a crucible (200), arranging a main electrode (300) at the inner bottom of the crucible (200), concentrically arranging the main electrode (300) and the protective cylinder (100), and arranging the crucible (200) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace;
s20, installing an auxiliary electrode (400) in the vacuum consumable arc furnace, aligning the auxiliary electrode (400) with the main electrode (300), sealing the furnace and vacuumizing;
s30, starting an arc by using 4KA to 6KA current, controlling the voltage to be 27V to 29V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 6A to 9A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) to be 10mm to 15mm, adding current to be 8KA to 10KA after 4min to 5min, controlling the voltage to be 28V to 30V, controlling the arc stabilizing current to be 15A to 18A, controlling the distance between the auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) to be 15mm to 20mm, and switching off after the molten pool area formed on the upper end face of the main electrode (300) is larger than the lower end area of the auxiliary electrode (400);
s40, lowering the auxiliary electrode (400) to be inserted into a molten pool formed on the upper end face of the main electrode (300), enabling the lower end face of the auxiliary electrode (400) to be in close contact with the upper end face of the main electrode (300), removing the welded auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) from the vacuum consumable arc furnace after at least 25min, and then removing the protective cylinder (100) from the vacuum consumable arc furnace.
2. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 1, wherein the shield cylinder (100) comprises a cylinder body (110) and a mounting flange (120) provided at one end of the cylinder body (110); in the step S10: the mounting flange (120) is hung on the upper edge of the crucible (200) in an insulating way, and the cylinder (110) is concentrically arranged in the crucible (200); in the step S20, a butt welding position of the auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) is located in the cylinder (110).
3. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating ring pad (500), in the step S10: the insulating ring gasket (500) is arranged between the mounting flange (120) and the upper edge of the crucible (200), so that the mounting flange (120) and the crucible (200) are arranged in an insulating manner.
4. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 2, wherein in the step S10: the distance between the cylinder (110) and the crucible (200) is greater than 10cm.
5. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 2, wherein in the step S10: the distance between the cylinder (110) and the main electrode (300) is greater than 10cm.
6. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 2, wherein the cylinder (110) is a silicon nitride ceramic cylinder.
7. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the main electrode (300) has a groove (310), and the lower end of the auxiliary electrode (400) has a chamfer of C6 to C10.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S30, after the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode (300) is larger than the lower end surface of the auxiliary electrode (400), the power is turned off after 1 to 3 minutes.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step S30, after the area of the molten pool formed on the upper end surface of the main electrode (300) is larger than the area of the lower end of the auxiliary electrode (400), the current is reduced to 2KA, the voltage is 20V to 24V, the arc stabilizing current is 18A to 20A, the distance between the auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) is controlled to 8mm to 12mm, and the power is turned off after 1min to 3 min.
10. The in-furnace welding method of an electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s50, after the auxiliary electrode (400) and the main electrode (300) to be welded are cooled outside the furnace, eliminating weld flash.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311181839.5A CN116967563A (en) | 2023-09-13 | 2023-09-13 | In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311181839.5A CN116967563A (en) | 2023-09-13 | 2023-09-13 | In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116967563A true CN116967563A (en) | 2023-10-31 |
Family
ID=88481698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311181839.5A Pending CN116967563A (en) | 2023-09-13 | 2023-09-13 | In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116967563A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-13 CN CN202311181839.5A patent/CN116967563A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109702292B (en) | Welding process of VAR titanium alloy ingot | |
| CN101474719A (en) | In situ self-spread welding repair method of aluminum mother plate | |
| CN102806426B (en) | Welding process of auxiliary electrode for vacuum arc remelting furnace | |
| CN101249585A (en) | Electrified welding method of aluminum cell cathode steel bar | |
| CN116967563A (en) | In-furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc melting | |
| CN112809141A (en) | Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace | |
| US3752896A (en) | Method and apparatus for joining the electrodes of an electroslag remelting system | |
| CN110076309B (en) | Electric pulse device and method for locally regulating and controlling phase state distribution of covering slag in slag channel of continuous casting crystallizer | |
| CN109249126A (en) | Anode steel claw welding tooling and welding method | |
| CN116287744B (en) | Super-large-specification high-temperature alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108145306A (en) | A kind of multistation electroslag welding with plate electrode device | |
| CN112846458A (en) | Ultra-low heat input welding device and welding method for metal sheet | |
| CN115283785B (en) | Butt welding method of auxiliary electrode for VAR | |
| CN104384662A (en) | Steel structure combination welding technology | |
| CN109371254B (en) | Protective device for electrode extension of vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace and construction method | |
| US4612649A (en) | Process for refining metal | |
| CN108127215A (en) | A kind of method for reducing spot welding and splashing | |
| CA1180771A (en) | Pulsed direct current arc welding | |
| CN115109938A (en) | Method for eliminating cold shut of titanium alloy ingot | |
| US4438313A (en) | Electroslag welding method | |
| CN103817530B (en) | Consumable electrode vacuum furnace crystallizer welded type cylindrical shell preparation technology and welding accessory | |
| CN117089711A (en) | Smelting method for reducing flash of VAR titanium alloy ingot crown | |
| CN116511645B (en) | Method for eliminating welding adhesion in titanium alloy ingot furnace | |
| JP5103007B2 (en) | Power supply jig for vacuum arc melting and method for manufacturing metal ingot using the same | |
| KR20030035578A (en) | Eccentric bottom tapping opener of electrode arc furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |