CN112809141A - Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace - Google Patents
Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112809141A CN112809141A CN202011629629.4A CN202011629629A CN112809141A CN 112809141 A CN112809141 A CN 112809141A CN 202011629629 A CN202011629629 A CN 202011629629A CN 112809141 A CN112809141 A CN 112809141A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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Abstract
A furnace interior welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace is characterized in that a welding end of an upper electrode is turned into a boss, and a welding end of a lower electrode is turned into a groove; placing a lower electrode in a crucible, positioning and fixing an upper electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and sealing the furnace and vacuumizing after aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode; and (3) transmitting power for arcing, and increasing the arcing current to 40% -60% of the smelting current until the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode becomes red, and lowering the upper electrode to insert into the groove of the lower electrode for power failure. When the welding device is used for welding, only the upper electrode boss and the bottom of the lower electrode groove are subjected to arc striking and melting, and molten metal is filled in the groove and cannot overflow; the welding current is only 40-60% of the smelting current, and the welding beading caused by excessive molten metal generated in a short time due to excessive welding current and high smelting speed can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal smelting, and relates to an electrode batch furnace welding method for a vacuum consumable arc furnace.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the use range of nonferrous metals, the vacuum consumable arc melting is the most important ingot preparation method due to mature technology, low equipment investment and operation cost and simple operation. With the continuous application of this technology, a common problem also arises: the problem of small welding area or weld beading extrusion at circumferential surface weld seam often appears in the welding of consumable electrode furnace, leads to in the smelting process: firstly, the welding area is small, when the welding spot is difficult to bear the weight of the electrode or the current intensity, the welding spot may fall off, so that the cast ingot is unqualified, and the equipment is impacted. Secondly, when the welding beading is too large and is difficult to remove, the distance between the welding beading and the crucible wall is too small, the electrodes and the crucible wall can be caused to arc, the red copper crucible is damaged, and when the welding beading of the electrodes with small crucible ratio is too large, the crucible loading can be directly influenced.
In order to ensure the quality of cast ingots and the safe operation of a smelting process, the treatment method of the common problems at present comprises the following steps: firstly, when the welding area is insufficient, the electrode is subjected to repair welding through manual welding outside the furnace; secondly, for welding beading which is brittle or has little overflow, the welding beading is smashed by using a hammer; thirdly, when the large-area welding beading flows out along the circumferential surface, the whole welding beading is cut off by using a gas cutting machine. The above method is time consuming and labor intensive and may have an impact on ingot quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the requirement of welding in a consumable electrode furnace, the invention provides a furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1: the welding end of the upper electrode is turned into a boss, the welding end of the lower electrode is turned into a groove,
step 2: placing a lower electrode in a crucible, positioning and fixing an upper electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and sealing the furnace and vacuumizing after aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
and step 3: and (3) transmitting power for arcing and increasing the arcing current to 40% -60% of the smelting current until the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode becomes red, and lowering the upper electrode to insert into the groove of the lower electrode for power failure.
The invention is further improved in that the boss is inverted with a chamfer.
The invention is further improved in that the groove is chamfered.
The invention is further improved in that the groove of the lower electrode faces upwards.
A further improvement of the present invention is that the boss of the upper electrode faces downward.
The invention has the further improvement that the arcing current is 2-3 kA, and the arcing current is kept for 2-3 min.
The invention is further improved in that the smelting current is 4-12 kA.
A further improvement of the invention is that the groove diameter is greater than the boss diameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the welding device is used for welding, only the upper electrode boss and the bottom of the lower electrode groove are subjected to arc striking and melting, and molten metal is filled in the groove and cannot overflow; the heat generated by electric arc and the heat of molten metal liquid in the welding process can heat the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove to be red, at the moment, the metal liquid is fully paved at the bottom of the groove, the upper electrode is lowered to fully weld the welding position of the electrode, and the problem of insufficient welding area is avoided. The welding current is only 40-60% of the smelting current, and the welding beading caused by excessive molten metal generated in a short time due to excessive welding current and high smelting speed can be prevented.
Furthermore, as the diameter of the groove is larger than that of the boss, the extruded molten metal is still positioned in the groove after the upper electrode is lowered, and welding beading cannot be generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower electrodes of the present invention after processing.
In the figure, 1 is an upper electrode, 11 is a boss, 2 is a lower electrode, and 21 is a groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (4) removing the cup-shaped openings at the heads and the bottom flash of the upper and lower electrodes which are butt welded.
Step 2: the welding end of the upper electrode is turned into a boss, and a chamfer is formed in the transition between the boss and the upper electrode body.
And step 3: and turning the welding end of the lower electrode into a groove, wherein the groove is inverted with a chamfer.
And 4, step 4: and placing the lower electrode in the crucible and positioning (the groove faces upwards), positioning the upper electrode in the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and fixing (the boss faces downwards), aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and sealing the furnace for vacuumizing.
And 5: and (3) transmitting power for arcing, wherein the arcing current is 2-3 kA, gradually increasing the current to 40% -60% of the smelting current (4-12 kA) after keeping the arcing current for 2-3 min, and keeping for a period of time until the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode becomes red, and inserting the descending upper electrode into the groove of the lower electrode for power off.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
Taking phi 220mm electrode welding, crucible diameter 280mm and smelting current 7kA as examples, the preparation and welding process comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) removing the cup-shaped openings at the heads and the bottom flash of the upper and lower electrodes which are butt welded.
2) The welding end of the upper electrode 1 is turned into a boss 11, the size of the boss is phi 200 multiplied by 10mm, and the transition chamfer angle of the boss 1 and the upper electrode 11 is 120 degrees.
3) The welding end of the lower electrode 2 is turned into a groove 21, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the groove is phi 214mm, the depth of the groove is 5mm, and the chamfer angle of the groove is 125 degrees.
4) And placing the lower electrode in the crucible and positioning (the groove faces upwards), positioning the upper electrode in the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and fixing (the boss faces downwards), aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and sealing the furnace for vacuumizing.
5) And (3) transmitting power for arcing, keeping the arcing current at 2kA for 2min, gradually increasing the current to 4kA within 4min, manually adjusting the pull rod of the electrode rod when the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode glows, and inserting the upper electrode into the groove of the lower electrode for power off.
Example 2
Taking phi 280mm electrode welding, crucible diameter 360mm and smelting current 8kA as an example, the preparation and welding process comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) removing the cup-shaped openings at the heads and the bottom flash of the upper and lower electrodes which are butt welded.
2) And turning the welding end of the upper electrode into a boss, wherein the size of the boss is phi 250 multiplied by 16mm, and the transition chamfer angle between the boss and the upper electrode is 110 degrees.
3) And turning the welding end of the lower electrode into a groove, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the groove is 270mm, the depth of the groove is 8mm, and the chamfer angle of the groove is 110 degrees.
4) And placing the lower electrode in the crucible and positioning (the groove faces upwards), positioning the upper electrode in the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and fixing (the boss faces downwards), aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and sealing the furnace for vacuumizing.
5) And (3) transmitting power for arcing, keeping the arcing current at 2kA for 2min, gradually increasing the current to 4kA within 4min, manually adjusting the pull rod of the electrode rod when the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode glows, inserting the upper electrode into the groove of the lower electrode, and then cutting off the power.
Example 3
Taking phi 450mm electrode welding, crucible diameter 540mm and smelting current 21kA as an example, the preparation and welding process comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) removing the cup-shaped openings at the heads and the bottom flash of the upper and lower electrodes which are butt welded.
2) The welding end of the upper electrode is turned into a boss, the size of the boss is phi 420 multiplied by 20mm, and the transition chamfer angle between the boss and the upper electrode is 130 degrees.
3) And turning the welding end of the lower electrode into a groove, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the groove is 436mm, the depth of the groove is 8mm, and the chamfer angle of the groove is 130 degrees.
4) And placing the lower electrode in the crucible and positioning (the groove faces upwards), positioning the upper electrode in the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and fixing (the boss faces downwards), aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and sealing the furnace for vacuumizing.
5) And (3) transmitting power for arcing, keeping the arcing for 2min, gradually increasing the current to 10kA within 7min, manually adjusting the pull rod of the electrode rod when the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode glows, and inserting the upper electrode into the groove of the lower electrode for power off.
Example 4
Taking electrode welding with a diameter of 540mm, a crucible diameter of 630mm and a smelting current of 22kA as an example, the preparation and welding process comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) removing the cup-shaped openings at the heads and the bottom flash of the upper and lower electrodes which are butt welded.
2) The welding end of the upper electrode is turned into a boss, the size of the boss is phi 504 multiplied by 20mm, and the transition chamfer angle between the boss and the upper electrode is 130 degrees.
3) And turning the welding end of the lower electrode into a groove, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the groove is phi 524mm, the depth of the groove is 10mm, and the chamfer angle of the groove is 135 degrees.
4) And placing the lower electrode in the crucible and positioning (the groove faces upwards), positioning the upper electrode in the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and fixing (the boss faces downwards), aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and sealing the furnace for vacuumizing.
5) And (3) transmitting power for arcing, keeping the arcing for 3min, gradually increasing the current to 12kA within 10min, manually adjusting the pull rod of the electrode rod when the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode glows, and inserting the upper electrode into the groove of the lower electrode for power off.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding end surface of the upper electrode 1 faces downward, and a boss 11 is turned on the welding end, wherein the boss 11 and the upper electrode body should be transited, and the transition chamfer is a; the welding end of the lower electrode 2 faces upwards, a groove 21 is machined in the welding end in a turning mode, and the groove is chamfered to be b. Wherein the depth of the groove of the lower electrode is 5-10 mm, and the wall thickness of the bottom of the groove is 3-8 mm. The diameter of the upper electrode lug boss is at least 10mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the groove, and the height of the upper electrode lug boss is at least 2 times of the depth of the groove.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) during welding, only the upper electrode boss and the bottom of the lower electrode groove are subjected to arc starting and melting, and molten metal is filled in the groove and cannot overflow;
2) the heat generated by electric arc and the heat of molten metal liquid in the welding process can heat the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove to be red, the metal liquid is fully paved at the bottom of the groove, the upper electrode is lowered to fully weld the welding position of the electrode, and the problem of insufficient welding area is avoided;
3) because the diameter of the groove is larger than that of the boss, the extruded molten metal is still positioned in the groove after the upper electrode is lowered, and welding beading cannot be generated;
4) the welding current is only 40-60% of the smelting current, and the welding beading caused by excessive molten metal generated in a short time due to excessive welding current and high smelting speed can be prevented.
Claims (8)
1. The furnace welding method of the electrode for the vacuum consumable arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: turning the welding end of the upper electrode into a boss, and turning the welding end of the lower electrode into a groove;
step 2: placing a lower electrode in a crucible, positioning and fixing an upper electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and sealing the furnace and vacuumizing after aligning the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
and step 3: and (3) transmitting power for arcing and increasing the arcing current to 40% -60% of the smelting current until the thin wall or the sharp corner of the groove of the lower electrode becomes red, and lowering the upper electrode to insert into the groove of the lower electrode for power failure.
2. The furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the boss is chamfered.
3. The furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the groove is chamfered.
4. The furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the groove of the lower electrode faces upward.
5. The furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the projection of the upper electrode is directed downward.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the arc starting current is 2-3 kA, and the arc starting current is maintained for 2-3 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the melting current is 4-12 kA.
8. The furnace welding method of an electrode for a vacuum consumable arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the groove is larger than the diameter of the boss.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011629629.4A CN112809141A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011629629.4A CN112809141A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace |
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| CN112809141A true CN112809141A (en) | 2021-05-18 |
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| CN202011629629.4A Pending CN112809141A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Furnace welding method of electrode for vacuum consumable arc furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113601059A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-05 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving welding strength by enlarging remelting ingot casting welding surface |
| CN114632997A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-06-17 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Welding method for super-large-diameter vacuum consumable electrode bar |
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| CN1827807A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-06 | 王晓邦 | Vacuum consumable furnace with automatic welding electrode in furnace |
| CN101214571A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method of welding electrode for vacuum consumable arc-melting |
| JP2011058023A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-24 | Osaka Titanium Technologies Co Ltd | Method and an apparatus for producing consumable electrode |
| CN102806426A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-12-05 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Welding process of auxiliary electrode for vacuum arc remelting furnace |
| CN105611663A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-25 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Electrode for vacuum self-consuming furnace and welding method thereof and vacuum self-consuming melting feeding method |
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2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202011629629.4A patent/CN112809141A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1827807A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-06 | 王晓邦 | Vacuum consumable furnace with automatic welding electrode in furnace |
| CN101214571A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method of welding electrode for vacuum consumable arc-melting |
| JP2011058023A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-24 | Osaka Titanium Technologies Co Ltd | Method and an apparatus for producing consumable electrode |
| CN102806426A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-12-05 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Welding process of auxiliary electrode for vacuum arc remelting furnace |
| CN105611663A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-25 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Electrode for vacuum self-consuming furnace and welding method thereof and vacuum self-consuming melting feeding method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113601059A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-05 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving welding strength by enlarging remelting ingot casting welding surface |
| CN114632997A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-06-17 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Welding method for super-large-diameter vacuum consumable electrode bar |
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Application publication date: 20210518 |
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