CN115780964A - Hook ear hole welding repair method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a hook ear hole welding repair method, which comprises the following steps: s100: defining one end of a hook ear hole of a hook ear to be repaired as a first end, and the other end of the hook ear hole as a second end, so that the hook ear to be repaired is in a first state; s200: forming a first solder stack on the top of the inner wall of the first end by spot welding; s300: enabling the hook ear to be repaired to be in a second state; s400: spot welding is carried out along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the first solder accumulation body to form a second solder accumulation body; s500: and carrying out layer-by-layer spot welding at a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the lower layer of the second solder stacking body along the axial direction of the hook lug hole until the plurality of layers of the second solder stacking bodies extend to the second end. According to the shackle hole welding repair method provided by the invention, the spot welding of the second solder accumulation body is performed on the basis of the first solder accumulation body, so that the operation difficulty is greatly reduced.

Description

Hook ear hole welding repair method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece processing and repairing, and particularly relates to a hook ear hole welding repairing method.

Background

After 16, 17 type car hooks that railway vehicle adopted are used for a long time, some hook body hook ear hole produces wearing and tearing, and the hook body can no longer continue to use, needs to weld and repaiies processing and restoreing. The car coupler is made of E-grade steel and is high-strength alloy steel, the welding method adopted at present only adopts manual operation shielded metal arc welding, automatic welding equipment such as gas shield welding cannot be used, and the knuckle hole welding must adopt a concentric circle welding direction.

In general, the keyhole welding in the shielded metal arc welding is performed by spot welding in a horizontal direction. When spot welding is carried out conventionally, a welder looks down a workpiece to weld, and when spot welding is carried out on the lower lug hole, the sight of the welder is influenced by the upper lug hole, and the normal judgment of the welder is influenced; when the inner wall of the hook ear hole is subjected to spot welding, a welder needs to look for spot welding positions and spot welding angles by naked eyes, the formed welding layer is uneven in surface, welding spots are arranged irregularly, and molten drops fall under the action of gravity to generate welding beading.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a hook lug hole welding repair method, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the welding angle and the welding position of each spot welding are difficult to find, are easy to be inconsistent, the spot welding quality is not high, and the surface of a formed welding layer is uneven.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the hook lug hole welding repair method comprises the following steps:

s100: defining one end of a hook lug hole of a hook lug to be repaired as a first end, and the other end of the hook lug hole to be repaired as a second end, so that the hook lug to be repaired is in a first state, wherein the first state is a state that the hook lug hole is vertically arranged and the first end is above the second end;

s200: forming first solder accumulations on the top end of the inner wall of the first end through spot welding, wherein the first solder accumulations are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the hook ear hole;

s300: enabling the hook lug to be repaired to be in a second state, wherein the second state is that the hook lug hole is vertically arranged and the second end is above the first end;

s400: spot welding is carried out along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the first solder accumulation body to form a second solder accumulation body;

s500: and carrying out layer-by-layer spot welding at a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the lower layer of the second solder stacking body along the axial direction of the hook lug hole until the plurality of layers of the second solder stacking bodies extend to the second end, wherein the heights of the second solder stacking bodies on all layers in the axial direction of the hook lug hole are consistent.

In a possible implementation manner, the S200 further includes, before:

and cleaning the inner wall and the end face of the hook ear hole.

In a possible implementation manner, the S200 further includes, before:

and preheating the area where the hook ear hole is located after cleaning.

In a possible implementation manner, the S200 specifically includes:

s210: taking the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the hook lug hole as a path, and carrying out spot welding on the inner wall of the first end for one circle along the clockwise direction to form a circle of single-layer solder accumulation body;

s220: cleaning a coating of the single-layer solder accumulation body;

s230: performing spot welding of a second ring on the inner side surface of the single-layer solder accumulation body;

s240: S210-S230 are repeated until the first solder stack is formed.

In a possible implementation manner, the S400 specifically includes:

s410: extending the welding end of the welding rod to a lap joint gap between the inner wall close to the hook ear hole and the first solder accumulation body, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod as a first real-time welding position;

s420: when the welding rod welding end is located at the first real-time welding position, the periphery of the upper portion of the welding rod is attached to a first real-time positioning position, opposite to the real-time welding position, on the second end, and the state that the welding rod welding end is located at the first real-time welding position and the periphery of the upper portion is located at the first real-time positioning position is defined as a first state;

s430: keeping the welding rod in the corresponding first state, and carrying out spot welding along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook ear hole and the first solder accumulation body to form an outer ring solder accumulation body;

s440: extending the welding end of the welding rod to be close to a lap joint gap between the outer ring solder accumulation body and the first solder accumulation body, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod as a second real-time welding position;

s450: when the welding end of the welding rod is at the second real-time welding position, adjusting a second real-time positioning position, at which the upper part of the welding rod is positioned at a certain included angle formed by the welding rod body and the inner wall of the outer ring solder accumulation body, to define that the welding end of the welding rod is positioned corresponding to the second welding position, and the state that the upper part of the welding rod is positioned corresponding to the second real-time positioning position is a second state;

s460: and keeping the welding rod in the corresponding second state, and performing spot welding along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the outer ring solder accumulation body and the first solder accumulation body to form an inner ring solder accumulation body, wherein the inner ring solder accumulation body and the outer ring solder accumulation body form the second solder accumulation body.

In a possible implementation manner, when the welding rod is in the second state, an included angle between the welding rod body and the axis of the hook ear hole is preset to be 30-40 degrees.

In one possible implementation, the second solder deposit is dross cleared.

In one possible implementation, the width of the stacking contact surface between two adjacent second solder stacks in the radial direction of the shackle hole is not less than 1/3 of the width of the second solder stack.

In a possible implementation manner, the S500 further includes:

obtaining the actual size value w1 of the second solder accumulation body;

obtaining the size numerical value deviation delta w of the second solder accumulation body according to the actual size numerical value w1 and the standard size numerical value of the second solder accumulation body, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

Δw＝w1-w2；

if delta w is less than or equal to the standard deviation value, judging that the corresponding second welding accumulation body is qualified;

and if the delta w is larger than the preset deviation range, judging that the corresponding second welding accumulation body is unqualified, and repairing the second welding accumulation body.

In a possible implementation manner, the step S500 further includes:

and defining a stacking body formed by matching the first solder stacking body and the second solder stacking body as a material repairing layer, uniformly heating the area where the hook hole with the material repairing layer is located, and covering the area with a heat insulating material for slow cooling.

Compared with the prior art, the method for welding and repairing the hook ear hole has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Firstly, a hook lug to be repaired is in a first state, a first solder accumulation body is formed by spot welding, then the hook lug is turned over by 180 degrees, spot welding is carried out on the basis of the first solder accumulation body to form a second solder accumulation body, and a plurality of layers of second solder accumulation bodies form a repairing layer; on one hand, the first solder accumulation body is used as a supporting platform, so that the spot welding position and the welding angle can be conveniently determined when spot welding is carried out on the inner wall of the hook lug hole, a welder does not need to judge by naked eyes, the welding position and the welding angle of multiple spot welding can be ensured, welding spots are uniformly distributed, and the spot welding quality is improved; on the other hand, the first solder accumulation body supports the bottom of the inner wall of the hook ear hole, the molten drops of spot welding cannot be separated from the inner wall of the hook ear hole, the formed second solder accumulation body is high in structural strength, the generated repair layer is uniform in whole, and the repair effect is good;

(2) The first solder accumulation body is formed on the upper surface of the hook ear hole to be repaired by spot welding along the inner wall, the spot welding operation is convenient, the first solder accumulation body is required to serve as a base station to support a welding spot, the spot welding position is convenient to determine, the structural strength of the formed second solder accumulation body is high, the operation of twice spot welding is simple, and the whole process is not complex;

(3) The multiple circles of material layers are overlaid in the same height surface, the formed repairing layer is large in thickness, the repairing layer is suitable for repairing holes with large abrasion loss, the repairing effect is good, the repairing range is wide, and the service life of a workpiece is prolonged; the two hook lug holes are spot-welded by the method, and the formed two repairing layers are same in thickness and concentric, so that the use is convenient, and the use effect of the repaired car coupler body is ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coupler body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first hook used in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first solder stack employed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second shackle hole used in embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of a second solder stack employed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first weld S500 used in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second welding operation S500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a coupler body; 11. hooking a lug; 111. and (6) hooking the ear hole.

2. A first solder bank; 21. a first solder joint;

3. a second solder buildup; 31. a second solder joint;

4. and (4) welding rods.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It should be noted that the terms "length," "width," "height," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," "tail," and the like, are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

It should also be noted that, unless expressly specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, fixed connections as well as removable connections or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Further, "plurality" or "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the welding repair method for the shackle hole according to the present invention will now be described. The method for welding and repairing the shackle hole comprises the following steps: s100: defining one end of a hook lug hole 111 of a hook lug 11 to be repaired as a first end and the other end as a second end, so that the hook lug 11 to be repaired is in a first state, wherein the first state is a state that the hook lug hole 111 is vertically arranged and the first end is above the second end; s200: forming first solder deposits 2 on the top end of the inner wall of the first end by spot welding, the first solder deposits 2 being continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the shackle holes 111; s300: the hook lug 11 to be repaired is in a second state, wherein the second state is a state that the hook lug hole 111 is vertically arranged and the second end is above the first end; s400: spot welding is performed along the lap joint gap between the inner wall of the shackle hole 111 and the first solder deposit 2 to form a second solder deposit 3; s500: and (3) carrying out layer-by-layer spot welding at the lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole 111 and the lower layer second solder stacking body 3 along the axial direction of the hook lug hole 111 until the multiple layers of second solder stacking bodies 3 extend to the second end, wherein the heights of the second solder stacking bodies 3 in the axial direction of the hook lug hole 111 are consistent.

It should be understood that the coupler body 1 used in this embodiment is a 17-type coupler, the material is an E-grade steel material, the strength is high, automatic welding equipment such as gas shielded welding cannot be used, the gas shielded welding uses oxygen for welding, but the oxygen can change the chemical composition and strength of weld metal, the heat affected zone is very large, and welding methods such as gas shielded welding cannot weld a weld with a thickness greater than 3mm, so that the coupler body 1 cannot use automatic welding equipment, and can only be welded manually.

It should be noted that, two lugs 11 on the coupler body 1 are arranged on the same side, symmetrically and concentrically, and the two lug holes 111 are all strip-shaped round holes, have small diameter and large depth, and can generate abrasion of about 5mm after long-term use, and when the two lug holes 111 are all abraded, one of the two lug holes can be welded and repaired first, and then the above steps are repeated for the other one.

When spot welding is performed in S200, the welding rod 4 is J857, the diameter of the welding rod 4 is 3.2mm, the voltage used when spot welding is performed in the hook lug hole 111 is 18-20V, and the spot welding current is 90-110A; when spot welding is carried out in S400-S500, the type of the welding rod 4 is J857, the diameter of the welding rod 4 is 3.2mm, the welding voltage is 18-20V, and the welding current is 110-140A.

It should be noted that the welding spot in S200 is the first welding spot 21, the length of the first welding spot 21 is 6-8mm, and the width is 3-4mm; the solder joint in S400-S500 is the second solder joint 31, and the second solder joint 31 is the same as the first solder joint.

Note that the thickness of the first solder deposit 2 is 8 to 10mm, the first solder deposit 2 needs a certain structural strength as a foundation of S400, and the first solder deposit 2 is too thin to satisfy the structural strength as a foundation; the first solder buildup 2 is too thick, wasting solder material, and not conducive to subsequent solder layer processing.

The build-up thickness of the solder layer formed of the plurality of second solder deposits was 6mm, and the solder layer protruded from the hook hole 111.

Compared with the prior art, the shackle hole welding repair method provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Firstly, a hook lug 11 to be repaired is in a first state, a first solder accumulation body 2 is formed by spot welding, then the hook lug 11 is turned over by 180 degrees, spot welding is carried out on the basis of the first solder accumulation body 2 to form a second solder accumulation body 3, and a plurality of layers of second solder accumulation bodies form a repairing layer; on one hand, the first solder accumulation body 2 is used as a supporting platform, so that the spot welding position and the welding angle can be conveniently determined when spot welding is carried out on the inner wall of the hook lug hole 111, a welder does not need to judge by naked eyes, the welding position and the welding angle of multiple spot welding can be ensured, welding spots are uniformly distributed, and the spot welding quality is improved; on the other hand, the first solder accumulation body 2 supports the bottom of the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111, the molten drops of spot welding cannot be separated from the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111, the formed second solder accumulation body 3 is high in structural strength, the generated repairing layer is uniform in whole, and the repairing effect is good;

(2) The first solder accumulation body 2 is formed on the upper surface of the hook lug hole 111 to be repaired by spot welding along the inner wall, the spot welding operation is convenient, the first solder accumulation body 2 is required to be used as a base station for bearing a welding spot, the spot welding position is convenient to determine, the formed second solder accumulation body 3 is high in structural strength, the operation of twice spot welding is simple, and the whole process is not complex;

(3) The multiple circles of material layers are overlaid in the same height surface, the formed repairing layer is large in thickness, the repairing layer is suitable for repairing holes with large abrasion loss, the repairing effect is good, the repairing range is wide, and the service life of a workpiece is prolonged; the two hook lug holes 111 are spot-welded by the method, and the formed two repair layers are the same in thickness and concentric, so that the use is convenient, and the use effect of the car coupler body 1 after maintenance is ensured.

In some embodiments, the step S200 further comprises cleaning the inner wall and the end face of the hook hole 111. Greasy dirt and oxides on the inner wall and the end face of the hook lug hole 111 can cause the surface contact resistance of the hook lug hole 111 to be increased rapidly, large-range fluctuation is generated, the welding quality is influenced, and the welding firmness is influenced; the oil stain can lead the solder and the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111 to be incompletely fused, so that a groove or a recess is generated, and the oil stain can be removed to prevent the phenomenon.

In specific implementation, the preheating range is within 50mm of the width of the area where the hook lug hole 111 is located.

When oil stains and oxides are cleaned, the oxides on the coupler body 1 of the coupler can be cleaned by adopting a physical cleaning mode and adopting grinding tools such as a steel wire brush, a pneumatic grinding wheel and the like; chemical cleaning can also be adopted, for example, degreasing treatment is carried out by adopting solvents such as gasoline, acetone and the like; of course, the selection of the specific cleaning method is selected according to the material, the supply state, the structural shape and size, the production scale, the production conditions and the like of the coupler body 1.

In some embodiments, the area of the post-cleaning shackle holes 111 is preheated. The area to be repaired is preheated, so that cracks caused by stress concentration due to rapid temperature rise of the area to be repaired of the coupler mechanism body 1 can be avoided.

In specific implementation, the preheating temperature is 150 ℃. The cooling speed of the first solder accumulation body 2 and the second solder accumulation body 3 can be reduced by the temperature, the difference between the temperature and the welding temperature is not large, the rapid cooling and rapid heating of the temperature of the welding part can be avoided, and the phenomenon that the coupler body 1 generates shrinkage stress to cause cracks is avoided. Preheating temperature is high, can preheat around the hook ear hole 111 completely, and the temperature can heat thicker region, the uneven phenomenon of being heated inside and outside can not appear around the hook ear hole 111.

In specific implementation, the preheating temperature adopted is 160 ℃. The temperature can slow down the cooling speed of the first solder accumulation body 2 and the second solder accumulation body 3, the difference between the temperature and the welding temperature is not large, the temperature of a welding part is not rapidly cooled and rapidly heated, and the phenomenon that the coupler body 1 generates shrinkage stress to cause cracks is avoided. Preheating temperature is high, can preheat around the hook ear hole 111 completely, and the temperature can heat thicker region, the uneven phenomenon of being heated inside and outside can not appear around the hook ear hole 111.

In specific implementation, the preheating temperature adopted is 155 ℃. The temperature can slow down the cooling speed of the first solder accumulation body 2 and the second solder accumulation body 3, the difference between the temperature and the welding temperature is not large, the temperature of a welding part is not rapidly cooled and rapidly heated, and the phenomenon that the coupler body 1 generates shrinkage stress to cause cracks is avoided. Preheating temperature is high, can preheat around the hook ear hole 111 completely, and the temperature can heat the region of being thicker, the uneven phenomenon of being heated inside and outside can not appear around the hook ear hole 111.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 4, S200 specifically includes: s210: taking the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111 as a path, and performing spot welding on the inner wall of the first end for one circle along the clockwise direction to form a single-layer solder accumulation body; s220: cleaning a coating of the single-layer solder accumulation body; s230: performing spot welding of a second ring on the inner side surface of the single-layer solder accumulation body; s240: s210 to S230 are repeated until the first solder stack 2 is formed. When the method is specifically implemented, spot welding is carried out by adopting a circle bar conveying method, namely, spot welding is carried out clockwise, a single-layer solder accumulation body is formed by one circle of spot welding, second circle of spot welding is carried out by taking an inner ring of the single-layer solder accumulation body as a basis, the operation is repeated until a first solder accumulation body 2 is formed, and the first solder accumulation body 2 formed by the method is attractive in appearance and smooth in plane, so that the subsequent S400 can be conveniently carried out; the second circle of single-layer solder accumulation body takes the inner ring of the first circle of single-layer solder accumulation body as a base, and the formed first solder accumulation body 2 has high structural strength and good quality and meets the requirement of using as the base.

When the second circle of single-layer solder accumulation body is subjected to spot welding, the coating on the surface of the first circle of single-layer solder accumulation body is cleaned, and the influence of welding slag formed by the coating on the subsequent welding of the second circle of single-layer solder accumulation body is avoided.

It should be noted that the flux coating is a coating that is pressed onto the surface of the electrode 4, and that melting the flux coating generates a large amount of gas that can cover the arc area and the weld pool, isolating the single layer solder deposit from the atmosphere. The vast majority of these gases are reducing gases (CO, H) ₂ Etc.) can form a good protective layer around the arc area and the molten pool, prevent oxygen and nitrogen in the air from invading, and play a role in protecting the single-layer solder accumulation body. In the welding process, the coating is melted by electric arc at high temperature to form slag to cover the convex ring, thereby not only isolating oxygen and nitrogen in the air and protecting weld metal, but also slowing down the cooling speed of the weld, promoting the discharge of gas in the weld metal and reducing the possibility of generating air holes,and can improve the formation and crystallization of welding seams and play a role in protecting slag.

The flux is melted to form slag, and because S200 is used for carrying out spot welding of a plurality of circles of single-layer solder accumulation bodies, and the second circle of single-layer solder accumulation bodies is carried out on the basis of the previous circle of single-layer solder accumulation bodies, the flux of the welding rod 4 needs to be removed to clean the welding position, the welding of the next circle of single-layer solder accumulation bodies is convenient, and the quality of the formed first solder accumulation body 2 is improved. The timely cleaning of the flux coating can facilitate the staff to observe the quality of the spot-welded single-layer solder accumulation body, and avoid the defect of the spot-welded single-layer solder accumulation body to influence the quality of the first solder accumulation body 2.

As a specific implementation mode for removing the coating, a bowl-shaped steel wire wheel with steel wires is adopted for grinding.

As another specific implementation mode for removing the coating, a sand blasting machine is used for grinding, and steel balls or sand are selected for grinding.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 5 to 7, S400 specifically includes: s410: extending the welding end of the welding rod 4 to a lap joint gap between the inner wall close to the hook lug hole 111 and the first solder accumulation body 2, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod as a first real-time welding position; s420: when the welding end of the welding rod is positioned at a first real-time welding position, the periphery of the upper part of the welding rod 4 is attached to a first real-time positioning position opposite to the real-time welding position on a second end, and the state that the welding end of the welding rod 4 is positioned at the corresponding first real-time welding position and the periphery of the upper part is positioned at the corresponding first real-time positioning position is defined as a first state; s430: keeping the welding rod 4 in a corresponding first state, and carrying out spot welding along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111 and the first solder accumulation body 2 to form an outer ring solder accumulation body; s440: extending the welding end of the welding rod 4 to be close to the lap joint gap between the outer ring solder accumulation body and the first solder accumulation body 2, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod 4 as a second real-time welding position; s450: when the welding end of the welding rod is at a second real-time welding position, adjusting a second real-time positioning position of the upper part of the welding rod 4 at a certain included angle formed by the welding rod 4 body and the inner wall of the outer ring solder accumulation body, and defining that the welding end of the welding rod 4 is at the corresponding second welding position and the state of the upper part at the corresponding second real-time positioning position is a second state; s460: the welding rod 4 is kept in a corresponding second state, and spot welding is performed along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the outer ring solder deposit and the first solder deposit 2 to form an inner ring solder deposit, and the inner ring solder deposit and the outer ring solder deposit form a second solder deposit 3.

In specific implementation, S400 performs welding based on the first solder deposit 2 formed in S200, the first solder deposit 2 converts the original spot welding into spot welding with a pallet base, the sensitivity of the spot welding to the assembly clearance of a welding part is small, and the probability of slag generation and molten pool metal overflow is small; and the tensile strength of spot welding is high, and the welding seam shaping is fast, and the saddle can the bearing weld drip, avoids welding the drip to drip, and welding operation is simple for original spot welding, and welding efficiency is high.

Note that the thickness of the second solder buildup 3 is 3 to 5mm.

The embodiment provides S400, stipulate the spot welding mode of second solder accumulation body 3 in the coplanar, make welding rod 4 carry out first spot welding with the first state earlier, carry out second spot welding with the inside of first spot welding of second state laminating, the inner circle solder accumulation body that second spot welding formed uses the inner wall of the outer lane solder accumulation body that first spot welding formed as the face of weld, the quality of second solder accumulation body 3 has been improved, the bottom of first spot welding has the fulcrum, can fix a position fast, the first spot welding of second spot welding laminating is in order to form second solder accumulation body 3, second solder accumulation body 3 size that the successive layer formed is the same, the restoration layer surface that forms wholly levels, make things convenient for subsequent processing. The clamping end of welding rod 4 is attached to the outer edge of the upper surface of the hook ear hole 111 when each layer is subjected to spot welding operation in the first state, the angle does not need to be confirmed, the spot welding quality is improved, the spot welding position is conveniently and quickly positioned, and the spot welding efficiency is accelerated.

In some embodiments, the included angle between the welding rod 4 body and the axis of the hook ear hole 111 is 30-40 ° when the welding rod 4 is in the second state. Welding angle changes, and the width and the degree of depth of the second solder deposit layer 3 that obtains are different, and during concrete implementation, the contained angle of welding rod 4 and the 111 lateral walls of shackle hole is 30, and the width of the inner circle solder deposit body that the spot welding formed changes, and the thickness of the second solder deposit layer 3 that forms can not be too big, avoids appearing second solder deposit layer 3 and excessively thick leads to cutting down and polishes, increase cost and energy. And the second solder buildup layer 3 formed with an angle of 30 deg. is aesthetically pleasing.

During specific implementation, the included angle between the welding rod 4 and the side wall of the hook ear hole 111 is 40 degrees, the width of an inner ring solder accumulation body formed by spot welding is changed, the thickness of the formed second solder accumulation layer 3 is not too large, and the phenomenon that the second solder accumulation layer 3 is too thick to cause grinding reduction and increase cost and energy is avoided. And the second solder buildup layer 3 formed at an included angle of 40 deg. is aesthetically pleasing.

During specific implementation, the included angle of welding rod 4 and the 111 lateral walls of hook ear hole is 35 degrees, and the width of the inner circle solder accumulation body formed by spot welding changes, and the thickness of the second solder accumulation layer 3 formed by spot welding is not too large, so that the phenomenon that the second solder accumulation layer 3 is too thick to cause reduction and grinding is avoided, and the cost and the energy are increased. And the second solder buildup layer 3 formed with an angle of 35 deg. is aesthetically pleasing.

In some embodiments, dross removal is performed after the second solder build-up 3 is formed. Since the next layer of the second solder deposit 3 is spot-welded on the basis of the present layer of the second solder deposit 3, it is necessary to remove the dross and then spot-weld it. On one hand, welding slag influences the appearance, and the welding slag falls off after being peeled off to possibly influence the normal use of the coupler component 1, so that the welding slag is removed to facilitate the next circle of spot welding; on the other hand, the worker examines the quality of the welding by knocking off the dross, thereby ensuring the quality of the second solder stack 3 and the overall quality of the repair layer formed.

In specific implementation, the welding slag can be physically removed by a removing tool such as a hand grinding wheel, and the welding slag can also be chemically removed by a chemical reagent, for example, chemical hydrochloric acid is dripped. The specific cleaning mode is determined according to the field requirement.

In some embodiments, the width of the stacking contact surface between two adjacent second solder stacks 3 in the radial direction along the shackle hole 111 is not less than 1/3 of the width of the second solder stack 3. Taking the first layer of the second solder deposit 3 and the second layer of the second solder deposit 3 as an example, the stacking contact surface refers to a relative position where the welding end of the welding rod 4 and the edge of the first layer of the second solder deposit 3 are located when the welding rod 4 performs spot welding of the second layer of the solder deposit 3. The width of the stacking contact surface is larger than or equal to 1/3 of the width of the second solder stacking body 3, so that the fastening degree between the adjacent second solder stacking bodies 3 can be improved, and the overall structural strength of the repair layer is improved.

In some embodiments, S500 further comprises: obtaining the actual size value w1 of the second solder accumulation body 3; according to the actual size numerical value w1 and the standard size numerical value of the second solder accumulation body 3, obtaining the size numerical value deviation delta w of the second solder accumulation body 3, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: Δ w = w1-w2; if delta w is less than or equal to the standard deviation value, the corresponding second welding accumulation body 3 is judged to be qualified; if Δ w is larger than the predetermined deviation range, it is determined that the corresponding second solder deposit 3 is not acceptable, and the second solder deposit 3 is repaired. During specific implementation, the second solder accumulation bodies 3 are measured through the measuring tool, actual data of the second solder accumulation bodies 3 are obtained and compared with ideal data, the second solder accumulation bodies 3 with large difference values are repaired, the quality of a repairing layer can be improved, the qualification rate of repairing the car coupler is improved, and the performance of the repaired car coupler body 1 is guaranteed.

In some embodiments, S500 further comprises: and inspecting the repairing layer, observing whether welding defects such as cracks, air holes, slag inclusion and the like exist, avoiding the defects existing in the first welding flux accumulation body 2 and/or the second welding flux accumulation body 3 after welding is finished, and reducing the accident rate in use.

Taking the air hole as an example, the air hole is a cavity formed by air bubbles which are not overflowed in time and remained in the solidification process, and the air hole can weaken the effective working area of the second solder accumulation body 3, bring stress concentration and reduce the structural strength of the second solder accumulation body 3.

Taking a crack as an example, stress concentration exists at the root of the notch of the crack, and when the second solder stacking body 3 with the crack is used, once the stress level exceeds the strength limit of the root of the notch, the crack can rapidly spread to the whole second solder stacking body 3, so that the second solder stacking body 3 is failed, and the performance of the coupler body 1 is influenced.

On the basis of the above embodiment, the method for repairing the hook ear hole by welding further includes: the first solder stacking body 2 and the second solder stacking body 3 are defined as material repairing layers, the area where the shackle hole 111 with the material repairing layers is located is uniformly heated, and the heat insulation materials are used for covering and slowly cooling. After welding is finished, the materials are uniformly heated to 500-650 ℃, the material repairing layer can be heated to the temperature suitable for spot welding materials, the sequence of lattice constants in the material repairing layer is changed, the stable state is repaired, and stress generated in welding is eliminated in sequence. The heat insulation material is covered for slow cooling, so that the material repairing layer has sufficient time for heat insulation, the temperature change is slow, and cracks cannot be generated due to the rapid change of the ambient temperature.

It should be noted that covering slow cooling refers to slowly lowering the temperature of the material repair layer to room temperature in the area where the material repair layer is located. The material repairing layer is prevented from being in direct contact with air, the temperature difference between the material repairing layer formed by spot welding and the air temperature is large, direct cooling easily causes stress concentration to cause cracks, and welding quality is influenced.

In specific implementation, the area from the center of the hook hole 111 to at least 100mm of the periphery of the hole is uniformly heated.

In specific implementation, the slow cooling speed is 10 ℃/min, the temperature change of the material repairing layer is slow, and cracks or gaps between the material repairing layer and the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111 cannot be caused due to too fast temperature reduction. The time spent for reducing the temperature of the material repairing layer from 550 ℃ to room temperature is short, and the subsequent processes are not influenced.

In specific implementation, the slow cooling speed is 8 ℃/min, the temperature change of the material repairing layer is slow, and cracks or gaps between the material repairing layer and the inner wall of the hook ear hole 111 cannot be caused due to too fast temperature reduction. The time spent on reducing the temperature of the material repairing layer from 500 ℃ to room temperature is short, and the subsequent processes are not influenced.

Optionally, the heat insulation material is asbestos, the asbestos is good in heat resistance and acid-base resistance, and is easy to process, and the requirement of the asbestos serving as the heat insulation material is met. Of course, the heat insulating material may be other heat-resistant materials, such as felt, as long as the area where the shackle holes 111 with the material repairing layer are located can be cooled slowly, and the heat insulating material is not listed here.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hook ear hole welding repair method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s100: defining one end of a hook lug hole of a hook lug to be repaired as a first end and the other end as a second end, so that the hook lug to be repaired is in a first state, wherein the first state is that the hook lug hole is vertically arranged and the first end is above the second end;

s200: forming first solder accumulations on the top end of the inner wall of the first end through spot welding, wherein the first solder accumulations are continuously distributed along the circumferential direction of the hook ear hole;

s300: enabling the hook lug to be repaired to be in a second state, wherein the second state is that the hook lug hole is vertically arranged and the second end is above the first end;

s400: spot welding is carried out along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the first solder accumulation body to form a second solder accumulation body;

s500: and carrying out layer-by-layer spot welding at the lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook lug hole and the lower layer of the second solder stacking body along the axial direction of the hook lug hole until the plurality of layers of the second solder stacking bodies extend to the second end, wherein the heights of the second solder stacking bodies on each layer in the axial direction of the hook lug hole are consistent.

2. The shackle hole welding repair method as defined by claim 1, wherein the S200 is preceded by:

and cleaning the inner wall and the end face of the hook ear hole.

3. The shackle hole welding repair method as defined by claim 2, wherein the S200 is preceded by:

and preheating the cleaned area where the ear hooking hole is located.

4. The shackle hole welding repair method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S200 specifically comprises:

s210: taking the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the hook lug hole as a path, and carrying out spot welding on the inner wall of the first end for one circle along the clockwise direction to form a circle of single-layer solder accumulation body;

s220: cleaning a coating of the single-layer solder accumulation body;

s230: performing spot welding of a second ring on the inner side surface of the single-layer solder accumulation body;

s240: repeating S210 through S230 until the first solder build-up is formed.

5. The shackle hole welding repair method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S400 specifically comprises:

s410: extending the welding end of the welding rod to a lap joint gap between the inner wall close to the hook ear hole and the first solder accumulation body, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod as a first real-time welding position;

s420: when the welding end of the welding rod is positioned at the first real-time welding position, the periphery of the upper part of the welding rod is attached to a first real-time positioning position, opposite to the real-time welding position, on the second end, and the state that the welding end of the welding rod is positioned corresponding to the first real-time welding position and the periphery of the upper part is positioned corresponding to the first real-time positioning position is defined as a first state;

s430: keeping the welding rod in the corresponding first state, and carrying out spot welding along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the hook ear hole and the first solder accumulation body to form an outer ring solder accumulation body;

s440: extending the welding end of the welding rod to be close to a lap joint gap between the outer ring solder accumulation body and the first solder accumulation body, and defining the position of the welding end of the welding rod as a second real-time welding position;

s450: when the welding end of the welding rod is at the second real-time welding position, adjusting a second real-time positioning position, at which the upper part of the welding rod is positioned at a certain included angle formed by the welding rod body and the inner wall of the outer ring solder accumulation body, to define that the welding end of the welding rod is positioned corresponding to the second welding position, and the state that the upper part of the welding rod is positioned corresponding to the second real-time positioning position is a second state;

s460: and keeping the welding rod in the corresponding second state, and performing spot welding along a lap joint gap between the inner wall of the outer ring solder accumulation body and the first solder accumulation body to form an inner ring solder accumulation body, wherein the inner ring solder accumulation body and the outer ring solder accumulation body form the second solder accumulation body.

6. The method for weld repair of a shackle hole as defined in claim 5, wherein the included angle between the welding rod body and the axis of the shackle hole is 30 ° to 40 ° when the welding rod is in the second state.

7. A shackle hole weld repair method as defined by claim 5 wherein the second solder deposit is dross cleared.

8. A shackle hole welding repair method as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the width of the stacking contact surface between two adjacent second solder build-up bodies in the radial direction of the shackle hole is not less than 1/3 of the width of the second solder build-up bodies.

9. The shackle hole welding repair method as defined by claim 1, wherein the S500 further comprises:

obtaining the actual size value w1 of the second solder accumulation body;

according to the actual size numerical value w1 and the standard size numerical value of the second solder accumulation body, obtaining the size numerical value deviation delta w of the second solder accumulation body, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:

Δw＝w1-w2；

if delta w is less than or equal to the standard deviation value, judging that the corresponding second welding accumulation body is qualified;

and if the delta w is larger than the preset deviation range, judging that the corresponding second welding accumulation body is unqualified, and repairing the second welding accumulation body.

10. The shackle hole welding repair method as defined by claim 9, further comprising, after the S500:

and defining a stacking body formed by matching the first solder stacking body and the second solder stacking body as a material repairing layer, uniformly heating the area where the hook hole with the material repairing layer is located, and covering the area with a heat insulating material for slow cooling.

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