CN1169599A - Membrane electrochemical cell - Google Patents
Membrane electrochemical cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1169599A CN1169599A CN97113680A CN97113680A CN1169599A CN 1169599 A CN1169599 A CN 1169599A CN 97113680 A CN97113680 A CN 97113680A CN 97113680 A CN97113680 A CN 97113680A CN 1169599 A CN1169599 A CN 1169599A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electrochemical cell or cell assembly including two end plates (7), a bipolarity plate made of metal or metal alloy (1), a breathe freely metal distributor (2), a metal current collector (3), a pad frame (4) for supplying gas reactant, releasing excess reactant and cooling the passage, a set of gas diffusion electrodes (5), a ion exchanging membrane (6), wherein said electrical conductor supplies high distribution subsection contact surface on electrode surface without separation peak, and has highly smooth surface without irregularity, meantime has a plurality of holes and capable of airflow infiltrating.
Description
The present invention relates to electrochemical cell or battery component, comprise: two end plates (7), the bipolar plate that metal or metal alloy is made (1), ventilative Metal Distribution device (2), metal current collector (3), be provided with the spacer frame (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, reaches the passage that discharges excess reactant and condensation, one group of gas-diffusion electrode (5), amberplex (6), wherein said electric conductor provides the segmentation contact-making surface that highly distributes and has the very smooth surface of no concave-convex injustice, porous, permeable air-flow simultaneously on the electrode surface of not isolating the peak.
Fuel cell is an electrochemical appliance, in this device from fuel (for example hydrogen or its mixture) and oxidizer (for example pure oxygen, air, chlorine or bromine) in conjunction with the reaction that produces can free energy do not convert heat energy fully to but become electric energy with the formal transformation of continuous current.Fuel supply has the anode of negative polarity, and oxidizer is supplied with the negative electrode with positive polarity.At prevailing fuel cell, just to supply with in the battery of mixture of hydrogen and oxygen or hydrogeneous and oxygen, the electric energy of generation is in high efficiency and low or do not have to cause great concern aspect the environmental pollution (not having noxious emission and noise).
Can schematically classify fuel cell with reference to the electrolyte type of separating anode and cathode chamber and by operating temperature range.Determining of these systems or imagination use are directly considered in this classification.Particularly, also because high hot state can utilize this useful possibility of waste-heat power generation, the fuel cell that promptly is higher than 200 times work at high temperature will be the substitute electric power of electric current in the large power plant.Otherwise, in low temperature range (25～200 ℃), the concern of Zeng Jiaing concentrates on solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell day by day, and this battery one side is supplied with hydrogen (mixture pure or that come from its parent catalytic conversion) and opposite side is supplied with pure oxygen or better air supply.
These systems provide and resemble fast fast startup, peak power output, the so many advantages of the high electrical efficiency in wide power output area.Therefore, the optimal application of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is highly efficient regeneration, the electric automobile of family's generating, small-sized DC generator, the accessory substance hydrogen from chemistry and electrochemical appliance.
Most typical solid polymer electrolyte is an amberplex, it is characterized in that the high efficiency that the H+ ion transmits, in other words, and high ionic conductance.Studied this kind electrolyte solved and used the liquid electrolytic qualitative correlation as the alternative of existing acid or aqueous slkali (for example phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide) problem, though liquid electrolyte embeds porous matrix, also seriously is subject to the instantaneous pressure imbalance between two Room.And these electrolyte are corrosive, require to use utmost point expensive material.Yet, consider in sour environment gas-diffusion electrode used in the low-temperature working fuel cell, use polymer film to make the electrolyte existing problems, as US patent No.4, described in 647,359.As for current delivery, support that in a side charge carrier of this process is an electronics, and opposite side as noted earlier be H
+Ion, in fact the interface between electrode and electrolyte is a discontinuity zone.Therefore the most important thing is to make ternary contact point maximum, consider simultaneously
-catalysed particulate activated electrode takes place in two half-reactions that electrode place electronics consumes and proton produces or vice versa, and electrode directly contacts bearing-surface again, guarantees electronic conductivity;
-guarantee to obtain the hydrophobic channel that the necessary gas reactant of described half-reaction is supplied with;
-as the electrolyte of ion conveyer.
Attempt head it off by the hot pressing electrode on amberplex, as U.S. Patent No. 3,134,697 is described.Another solution be suggestion make electrode and electrolyte face connect before closely contact catalysis particle and proton conductor, as U.S. Patent No. 4,876,115 is described.
The combination that makes electrode-membrane module have these two kinds of methods of desired characteristic can not be satisfied commercial Application fully.Particularly, hot pressing two electrodes can not automation on solid polymer electrolyte, thus be quite expensive method, this be since the hot pressing that must carry out the enough time to each electrode-membrane module to obtain interelement tight contact, hot pressing a few minutes typically; The method must be carried out when being higher than 100 ℃ temperature and relative humidity 100%, with the irreversible damage of any film of preventing to describe in industrial or the document.And the expensive of element makes any the scrapping that often appears in the batch process be difficult to accept.In these manufacture processes, some parameters (time, temperature, pressure, relative humidity) must carefully be controlled in the strict tolerance limit.And serious the expansion takes place in polymer film under thermal cycle and relative humidity variations, and electrode does not expand.This different qualities aspect the film expansion can damage hot pressed samples producing dangerous internal stress at the interface.Therefore, must remain on after sample is assemblied in the battery under the environment of strict control, it is existing expensive therefore to have increased the method.
These defectives that hinder the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell commercial Application in fact obtain part in 792 batteries of describing and extenuate in U.S. Patent No. 5,482.This battery comprises one electrode-membrane module, after arranging different elements, in case assemble, by the conduction collector body in battery itself, electrode-membrane module is carried out hot pressing, this collector body have the residual deformation of high distribution electrical contact surface ability is provided and two electrodes that distribute on fastening pressure on many contact points.Yet this solution also has some still unresolved basic problems, and the present invention attempts to overcome it.Particularly should be noted that and have only, reduce the success on could the acquisition industry of the cost of useful element (film and electrode) simultaneously by increasing the efficient and the current density of native system.
Therefore, the fuel cell of industrial significance must be equipped film on sale on very big reduction thickness, the market, so that make their resistance (thereby in the efficient of identical specific power and current density of per unit weight and volume) and the amount of polymer (therefore, the polymer cost of per unit of power) of per unit active surface area use reduce to minimum.And the system of real commercial interest must use the electrode that highly utilizes catalyst, is different from U.S. Patent No. 5,482 substantially, described in 792.In fact these electrodes comprise and resemble carbon cloth or the such protection mechanical support thing of graphite paper, and it has added additional resistive losses, can not highly utilize catalyst.Damage the danger of film and protrude the end because collector body has possibility,, do not protect the element that support can not exploitation of innovation in 792 batteries of describing in U.S. Patent No. 5,482.The scope of these ends of special requirement is so that but the bipolar plate made from passive metal effectively electrically contacts.And, the mainly use of making the electrode of its inactive surface by graphite or conductive carbon, it is non-local as far as possible not only requiring contact, and require evenly to distribute, with the resistive losses that prevents to cause owing to too large-scale electric current on the electrode surface, this electrode surface has goodish conductivity, but can not compare with for example metal.U.S. Patent No. 5,482, the collector body described in 792 can not provide enhanced performance desired enough uniformities.
The object of the invention provides a kind of new design of the membrane electrochemical cell that can overcome the prior art defective, be made of at least one air chamber, for example polymer fuel cell.
Particularly, the electric series electrical chemical battery sets that the present invention relates to single electrochemical cell or separate by metal double polar plates, this battery is equipped with as electrolytical amberplex and two electrodes, and wherein at least one electrode is the gaseous diffusion type.In the chamber that has with the gas phase of gas-diffusion electrode effect, though the metallic conduction distributor of current collector that contacts with electrode surface and air-flow be in contact with one another, separately and differentiated, so that the continuity of electricity to be provided.
In some preferred embodiments, collector body by the initial diameter in hole 0.05 and 5mm between, the net metal material of the about 2mm of original depth makes, the commercial common name foam metal of this net metal material and as shown in Figure 2, it stands enough pressure to flatten unborn whole three-dimensional grids in material.Final products have 0.1 and 0.5mm between substantially constant thickness, without any the residual deformation ability and present very smooth surface without any projection, porosity is about 50%.The net shape of collector body as shown in Figure 3.
In another embodiment, collector body by essentially smooth, thickness 0.1 and 0.3mm between and porosity be that about 50% woven wire is made.In both cases, the material of collector body belongs to by the titanium of stainless steel, high-alloy steel, anti-corrosion high temperature resistant nickel-base alloy, nickel, nickel-chromium, coated with conductive oxide, the group that noble metal constitutes.
In certain embodiments, gas distributor is by net metal, just above-mentioned sponge grease constitutes, and it flattens without any mechanical means, therefore has the residual deformation ability characteristics and has peak and the raised surface that can permeate the oxide skin(coating) that forms on metal double polar plates.
In further embodiments, distributor by the hole diagonal 1 and 10mm between expanded metal netted or that do not flatten make.In all cases, distributor have 1 and 5mm between thickness and constitute the material of selecting in the group by stainless steel, high-alloy steel, nickel and alloy thereof, copper and alloy thereof and make.
Among another embodiment, distributor can be made by the netted of not flattening type or expansion thin plate, also is formed for supply gas simultaneously, emits the water of generation and the passage of condensation to guarantee the enough contact pressures on bipolar plates.
Describe the present invention referring now to photo and accompanying drawing, wherein same numbers is used to represent similar elements.
Fig. 1 is the sketch of electrochemical cell of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged photograph of Web materials, that expression is not flattened, as to be used as gas distributor sponge grease;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged photograph that is used as the same material of current collector when finishing the flattening three-dimensional network;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of fuel battery of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, battery of the present invention comprises two bipolar plates (1), a pair of distributor (2), a pair of current collector (3), be provided with a pair of spacer frame (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, discharges the passage of excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5), amberplex (6).
On the other hand, battery can comprise two bipolar plate (1), and with any distributor (2) and a gas-diffusion electrode (5) of any current collector (3) coupling, for first embodiment, they all are assemblied on the same side of film (6); Battery also comprises any structure of a pair of pad (4) and the electrolysis half-cell on film (6) opposite side, and is not shown in the drawings.
Fig. 2 represents by so-called foaming metal, the details of the gas distributor made of metal mesh material just, the network of this material can have tight or loose geometry, on the surface of material spike with the projection of the even distribution on the statistics, in the fastening back of battery effect usually 5 and 25kg/cm
2Between pressure under it can destroy the oxide surface layer that go up to form in bipolar plate (1), bipolar plate (1) but constitute by resembling the such passive metal of aluminium, titanium and alloy thereof or stainless steel usually.Web materials has enough deformabilities and elasticity to observe the possible uneven of bipolar plate, has insignificant and ambipolar contact resistance, the heat that enough thermal conductivities produce with diffusion, low ohm the falling that reactant vertically flows, and good water penetration is so that can discharge the water that the negative electrode half-reaction produces easily.
The photo of Fig. 3 represents to have the details of the current collector of Fig. 2 same structure, but it has been carried out machining, this machining is to apply quadrature pressure be pressed on two current collector plate between the preferred flat board, thereby three-dimensional structure is destroyed, and obtains to have the multihole lamina of constant thickness.The pressure that thus obtained collector body thickness acts on during not being to depend on machining on large program very, and only depend on the geometrical property of the fiber that forms material.
Thus obtained collector body has the tangible residual pore rate that allows reagent flow, has to make by the distribution of contact no longer on a single point but along the flat substantially surface of finite part.High at least one order of magnitude of material that total surface area is not flattened than Fig. 2.Therefore; even film is very thin; by applying common fastening load; the pressure that acts on the electrode each point also is not enough to perforation and destroys film; when electrode need not support the protection of cloth, felt or graphite or carbon paper, and by very thin deposit or even also like this during the film formation of catalysed particulate direct metallized (activation).When the layer that sets in advance the some on three-dimensional network by flattening obtained final products, final porosity was very narrow and avoid the spike of distributor 2 to penetrate.The contact of distributor is by point but not fragment; distributor is expanded mesh or thin slice; its porosity is quite limited; do as for using distributor (2) that collector body takes place; except the integrality of diaphragm; because product makes the path minimum that electric field must be followed on the battery lead plate, it has greatly improved electrically contacting on the electrode side.
In another embodiment, collector body is very thin silk screen, and preferably by the roll-in leveling, porosity is near single and under any circumstance much higher than net.Silk screen also can adapt to the possible uneven of electrode surface.
Fig. 4 represents the layout of stacked fuel cell, and end plate (7) is connected to the external power source circuit of extraction by the electric current of layer-built battery generation.
The present invention will be by the further illustrative of some examples, yet does not want to limit the invention to this.
Example 1
6 fuel cells that electricity is connected in series are assembled with overlapped way according to the sketch that Fig. 4 schematically illustrates.Each battery comprises: a pair of bipolar plate (1 among Fig. 4), a pair of gas distributor (2), a pair of current collector (3), be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, discharges the passage of excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5), one amberplex (6), and the two end plates (7) that links to each other with the external circuit that extracts the electric current that produces.
Test period keeps total work condition of constant as follows:
The size of electrode, gas distributor and current collector: 20cm * 20cm
Film: Nafion
112, the U.S. Du Pont de Nemours provide the about 0.06mm of thickness
Electrode: the film that from China ink, obtains, this China ink contains:
The water that-the polymer identical with film made-alcohol suspension, the product of U.S. Solution Technology, trade name is Nafion Solution 5
-based on the electro-catalysis powder that is bearing in the platinum on the carbon
-Teflon 30 N
Water slurry, the commodity of U.S. Du Pont de Nemours
Thus obtained coating (China ink) is directly brushed on the two sides of film up to obtaining 2g/m
2The platinum filler
The active area of film: 20cm * 20cm
It is that 20cm * 20cm and outside dimension are 25cm * 25cm that the pad that is frame shape, framework have inside dimension, and thick 1.6mm is provided with the passage that is used for the supply gas reactant, discharges excess reactant and condensation.Building material: Hytrel
, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours commodity
The bipolar plate that Anticorodal 100 TA 16 (Unificazione Italian) aluminium alloys are made has the external dimensions and the blade that air cooling is provided of 30cm * 30cm, and bipolar plate obtains by the thick commercial sheet processing of 5mm
At absolute pressure 350000Pa, pre-humidification in 80 ℃ external container, 1.5 times of chemical equivalents to reaction of flow velocity are supplied with the pure hydrogen in anode chamber's (negative pole) down
At absolute pressure 400000Pa, in 80 ℃ external container, supply with the synthesis of air that cathode chamber (positive pole) is purified under the pre-humidification
Average cell temperature: 70 ℃
Overall current density: 8000A/m
2Active area
Net cycle time: 400 hours
Each battery is equipped with following alternative element:
A. the gas distributor of being made by the netted three-dimensional material of Fig. 2 is made by the 50-50 chromium-nickel alloy of the about 0.2mm of average pore size, thick 1.3mm.This type of material obtains from the different suppliers of trade name foaming metal
B. by total thickness 1.3mm, do not flatten the gas distributor that AISI 304 corrosion resistant plates are made.
C. by the current collector made from the gas distributor identical materials of A, flatten in advance by between two flat boards, exerting pressure and to obtain that 0.3mm is thick, the multihole lamina of about 0.1 mm of average pore size
D. the current collector that constitutes of the filamentary webs of being made by AISI 316-L stainless steel obtains the about 0.3mm of total thickness from the line of diameter 0.15mm.
E. current collector, the total thickness 0.3mm that constitutes by not smooth AISI 304 stainless steel porous plates
F. the current collector, the total thickness 0.3mm that constitute of plane AISI 304 stainless (steel) wires that obtain by the line of the diameter 0.15mm that interweaves.
It in the table 1 average battery voltage that is expressed as the single battery of mV.
Table 1
| Distributor | ????A | ????B |
| Collector body | ||
| ????C | ????736 | ????736 |
| ????D | ????730 | ????729 |
| ????E | ????654 | ????654 |
| ????F | ????650 | ????652 |
Example 2
Six fuel cell are connected in series, each battery comprises: a pair of bipolar plate (1 among Fig. 4), a pair of gas distributor (2), a pair of current collector (3), be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5), amberplex (6).Another fuel cell is connected to previous 6 batteries of electricity series connection, this fuel cell comprises: a pair of bipolar plate (1), mesh current collector body (3) (foaming metal), be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5), amberplex (6).All batteries is assembled with overlapped way according to the assembling schematic diagram of Fig. 4, and two end plates (7) is connected to and extracts the external circuit that produces electric current at two ends.The total work condition constant in the test period maintenance is as follows:
The size 20cm of electrode, gas distributor and current collector * 20cm
Film: Nafion
115, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours provides, thick about 0.15mm
Electrode: soft carbon cloth, contain on the one side that the rete that is bearing in the electrocatalytic particles on the activated carbon is coated in film contacts trade mark ELAT
TM, U.S. E-TEK provides, thick 0.5mm, platinum filler 10g/m
2Then, be suspension " Nafion Solution5 ", that contain polymer by spraying the commercial trade name of U.S. Solution Technology, with the polymer-coated activating surface that is similar to film.Electrode does not have hot pressing on film before the assembled battery group.
The active area of film: 20cm * 20cm
The pad that is frame shape, inside dimension 20cm * 20cm, outside dimension 25cm * 25cm, 1.6mm is thick, is provided with the passage that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits excess reactant and condensation.Building material: Hytrel
, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours product
By the bipolar plate that Anticorodal 100 TA 16 (Unificazione Italian) aluminium alloys are made, have the external dimensions and the blade that air cooling is provided of 30cm * 30cm, obtain by the thick commercial sheet of processing 5mm.
Pure hydrogen is supplied with in the high 1.5 times of following anode chambers of chemical equivalent (negative pole) in absolute pressure 350000Pa, pre-humidification, velocity ratio reaction in 80 ℃ external container.
At absolute pressure 400000Pa, in 80 ℃ external container, supply with the synthesis of air that cathode chamber (positive pole) is purified under the pre-humidification
Average cell temperature: 70 ℃
Overall current density: 8000A/m
2Active area
Net cycle time: 400 hours
Previous 6 batteries are equipped with following alternative element:
A. the gas distributor of being made by the netted three-dimensional material of Fig. 2, netted three-dimensional material is made by 50 chromium-50 nickel alloy, the about 0.2mm of average pore size, thick 1.3mm.This type of material can obtain from the different suppliers of commodity foaming metal.
B. by total thickness 1.3mm, do not flatten the gas distributor that AISI 304 corrosion resistant plates are made
C. by the current collector made from the gas distributor identical materials of A, flatten in advance by between two flat boards, exerting pressure and to obtain that 0.3mm is thick, the multihole lamina of the about 0.1mm of average pore size
D. the current collector that constitutes of the filamentary webs of being made by the AISI316-L stainless steel obtains the about 0.3mm of total thickness from the line of diameter 0.15mm.
E. the current collector of making by ungraded AISI 304 stainless steel porous plates, total thickness 0.3mm.
F. the current collector, the total thickness 0.3mm that constitute of plane AISI 304 stainless (steel) wires that obtain by the line of the diameter 0.15mm that interweaves
The 7th battery is equipped with the G that is similar to A, but thickness is 1.6mm, is used as gas distributor, and simultaneously as current collector, directly contacts with electrode.
Be expressed as millivolt, refer to that the average battery voltage of single battery is shown in the table 2.
Table 2
| Distributor | ????A | ????B | ????G |
| Collector body | |||
| ????C | ????632 | ????630 | |
| ????D | ????625 | ????622 | |
| ????E | ????587 | ????585 | |
| ????F | ????580 | ????577 | |
| ????586 |
Example 3
Three fuel cells (being defined as the X type) electricity is connected in series, and each comprises a pair of bipolar plate (among Fig. 4 1); A pair of gas distributor (2), gas distributor (2) is made by the netted three-dimensional material of Fig. 2, and this material is made by the 50-50 nickel-chromium alloy, the about 0.2mm of average pore size, thick 1.3mm; By with Fig. 3 in a pair of current collector (3) made of identical materials, flatten in advance by between two flat boards, exerting pressure and to obtain that 0.3mm is thick, the multihole lamina of the about 0.1mm of average pore size; Be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits the passage of excess reactant and condensation; A pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5); Amberplex (6).
Three additional 3 fuel cells (being defined as the Y type) are connected in series to 3 previous batteries, comprise: a pair of bipolar plate (1), be the element of Fig. 2, make that this material is made by the 50-50 chromium-nickel alloy of the about 0.2mm of average pore size, thick 1.6mm by the netted three-dimensional material of Fig. 2; Be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits the passage of excess reactant and condensation; A pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5); Amberplex (6).
Assembling sketch according to Fig. 4 is assembled this six fuel cells with overlapped way, and two end plates (7) is connected to the external circuit that is used to extract electric current at two ends.
Following parameter keeps constant:
The size of electrode, gas distributor and electric current: 20cm * 20cm
Film: Nafion
112, the U.S. Du Pont de Nemours provide thick about 0.06mm
Electrode: the film that from China ink, obtains, this China ink contains:
The water that-the polymer identical with film made-alcohol suspension, the commodity of U.S. SolutionTechnology, trade name is Nafion Solution 5
-based on the electro-catalysis powder that is bearing in the platinum on the carbon
-Teflon 30 N
Water slurry, the commodity of U.S. Du Pont de Nemours
Thus obtained China ink is directly brushed on the two sides of film up to obtaining 2g/m
2The platinum filler
The active area of film: 20cm * 20cm
It is 20cm * 20cm, outside dimension 25cm * 25cm that the pad that is frame shape, framework have inside dimension, and thick 1.6mm is provided with the passage that is used for the supply gas reactant, discharges excess reactant and condensation.Building material: Hytrel
, the commodity of U.S. Du Pont de Nemours
The bipolar plate that Anticorodal 100 TA 16 (Unificazione Italian) aluminium alloys are made has the external dimensions and the blade that air cooling is provided of 30cm * 30cm, and bipolar plate obtains by the thick commercial sheet processing of 5mm
Before beginning is stacked, pressurize with the nitrogen antianode chamber of relative pressure 50000Pa and to carry out leak-testing, observe the visible bubble that emits in the exit of cathode chamber on head, show that at least one film (6) destroys, this film promptly is used as the element of physics dividing plate between two Room.
The decomposition fuel battery pack is also carried out leak-testing to each film, and is under water and exerted pressure in the bottom side of film with nitrogen each film with horizontal level in film is used as the close system of liquid of dividing plate.The result is as follows:
-do not observe the seepage of passing three films that comprise in the X type battery
-significantly leaking out in three films that now before have been assembled in the Y type battery, whole surface is crossed in the damage that is little pin hole shape
Above-mentioned example shows, if use high efficiency and therefore as thin as a wafer electrode and film, the difference between two functions extracting distribution reactant in electric current and the air chamber at membrane electrochemical cell from electrode is absolute necessary.Above-mentioned current collector (being marked as C, D, E, F in example 1) will provide the best protection of film in case perforation if combine with gas distributor (being marked as A, B).
Yet, as for resistivity, the collector body that is marked as C, D has clear superiority than E and F, and this is because the better distribution that electrically contacts electrically contacts the path that is characterised in that electric current line average shorter on the electrode surface of being made by the nonmetallic materials that are subjected to resistivity loss negatively influencing.
This also is applicable to the situation when collector body C and D are similar to the element of the Fig. 2 that is used as collector body and distributor, shown in the example 2 with existing film and electrode.
With must still reach contacting of equally distributed spike on the statistics on all surfaces by the gas distributor on the aluminium bipolar plate, these losses that the aluminium bipolar plate is not subjected to obviously to reduce resistivity influence and thereon also must the enough pressure of effect to destroy in its surface the passive oxidation layer of formation naturally partly.
Example 4
4 fuel cells that the sketch that schematically illustrates according to Fig. 4 is connected in series with overlapped way assembling electricity.Each battery comprises: a pair of bipolar plate (1 among Fig. 4), a pair of gas distributor (2), a pair of current collector (3), be provided with a pair of pad (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits the passage of excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5), amberplex (6), and the two end plates (7) that is connected to the external circuit of the electric current that is used to extract generation.
The total work condition constant in the test period maintenance is as follows:
The size of electrode, gas distributor and current collector: 20cm * 20cm
Film: Nafion
112, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours product, about 0.06mm is thick
Current collector: the nickel foam-chromium of flattening, as shown in Figure 3
The active region of film: 20cm * 20cm
The pad that is frame shape, inside dimension 20cm * 20cm, outside dimension 25cm * 25cm, 1.6mm is thick, is provided with the passage that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits excess reactant and condensation.Constituent material: Hytrel
, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours product.
By the bipolar plate that Anticorodal 100 TA 16 (Unificazione Italian) aluminium alloys are made, have the external dimensions of 30cm * 30cm and air cooled blade is provided, obtain by the thick commercial sheet of processing 5mm
At absolute pressure 350000Pa, pre-humidification, flow velocity are supplied with the pure hydrogen in anode chamber's (negative pole) for 1.5 times under the chemical equivalent of reaction in 80 ℃ external container
Supply with the synthesis of air that cathode chamber (positive pole) is purified at absolute pressure 40000Pa, under the pre-humidification of 80 ℃ external container.
70 ℃ of average cell temperature
Overall current density: 8000A/m
2Active area
Net cycle time: 900 hours
Each battery is equipped following available element:
A. the gas distributor of being made by the netted three-dimensional material of Fig. 2, this material is made by 50 chromium-50 nickel alloy, the about 0.2mm of average pore size, thick 1.3mm.This type of material by the different suppliers of foam metal commodity from should
B. by total thickness 1.3mm, do not flatten the gas distributor that AISI 304 corrosion resistant plates are made
H. be the electrode of film shape, film obtains from China ink, and China ink comprises:
-by water-alcohol suspension that the polymer identical with film made, supply trade name Nafion Solution 5 by U.S. Solution Technology
-based on the electro-catalysis powder that is bearing in the platinum on the carbon
-Teflon 30 N
Water slurry, U.S. Du Pont de Nemours commodity.Thus obtained China ink is by sonication part coagulation and by smearing on the one side that is coated in anode and cathode current collector body up to obtaining platinum filler 2g/m
2
J. from the electrode of soft carbon cloth acquisition, on the one side that rete is coated in film contacts, rete contains the electrocatalytic particles that is bearing on the activated carbon, U.S. E-TEK supply, trade mark ELAT
TM, the thick 0.5mm of rete, and platinum filler 10g/m
2Then, the suspension that contains polymer by injection is with the polymer-coated activating surface that is similar to film, and suspension is the commodity of U.S. SolutionTechnology, trade name " Nafion Solution 5 ".
Be expressed as millivolt, refer to that the average battery voltage of single battery is shown in the table 3.
Table 3
| Distributor | ????A | ????B |
| Electrode | ||
| ????H | ????736 | ????736 |
| ????J | ????733 | ????731 |
Claims (15)
1. electrochemical cell, comprise: two end plates (7), the bipolar plate of making by metal or metal alloy (1), the Metal Distribution device (2) of ventilative stream, metal current collector (3), be provided with the spacer frame (4) that is used for the supply gas reactant, emits the passage of excess reactant and condensation, a pair of gas-diffusion electrode (5) and amberplex (6)
It is characterized in that,
Described collector body (3) has the high segmentation contact-making surface that distributes, and this contact-making surface does not have spike and projection, is porous and ventilative stream.
2. battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described battery is a fuel cell, and (negative pole) supplies with hydrogeneous reactant in the anode chamber, supplies with aeriferous oxidant at cathode chamber (positive pole).
3. battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described collector body (3) at least one by porosity at least 50%, metallic fiber diameter 0.1 and 1mm between netted three-dimensional material make, the complete network of this material is flattened, make product not have the residual strain ability.
4. battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described collector body (3) at least one have 0.1 and 0.5mm between final thickness.
5. battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at least one described collector body (3) from containing stainless steel, high-alloy steel, and nickel, nickel-chromium is coated with the titanium of conductive oxide, and the conduction corrosion resistant material of selecting in the group of gold is made.
6. battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at least one described collector body (3) made by woven wire.
7. battery as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described silk screen is flat substantially, thickness 0.1 and 0.3mm between, porosity is not less than 50%.
8. as claim 3,4,5,6 or 7 battery is characterized in that at least one described Metal Distribution device (2) made by netted three-dimensional material, and this material porosity is at least 50%, the diameter of metallic fiber 0.1 and 1mm between, and compressing this material when fastening battery after, this material has residual strain ability and elasticity, and described distributor has the surface of many contact points of limited area.
9. battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described distributor (2) from containing stainless steel, high-alloy steel, and nickel and alloy thereof, the conduction corrosion resistant material of selecting in the group of copper and alloy thereof is made.
10. as claim 3,4,5,6 or 7 battery, it is characterized in that at least one described distributor (2) by the hole diagonal 1 and 10mm between, thick 1 and 5mm between netted or ungraded multihole lamina constitute.
11., it is characterized in that amberplex (6) has the thickness that is lower than 0.1mm as each described battery in the claim of front.
12., it is characterized in that gas-diffusion electrode (5) has the thickness that is lower than 0.03mm as the battery of front claim.
13. battery as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that gas-diffusion electrode (5) made by the catalyst coatings that directly is deposited on the described collector body (3).
14. the electrochemical cell that electricity is connected in series is characterized in that at least one battery is the battery in the claim of front.
15. the method for the current collector of preparation claim 3 comprises: fixing three-dimensional netted material applies quadrature pressure on described flat board, up to flattening three-dimensional netted material fully and getting rid of any residual deformation ability between two preferred flat boards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97113680A CN1169599A (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-25 | Membrane electrochemical cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT001293A/96 | 1996-06-26 | ||
| CN97113680A CN1169599A (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-25 | Membrane electrochemical cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1169599A true CN1169599A (en) | 1998-01-07 |
Family
ID=5172714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97113680A Pending CN1169599A (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-25 | Membrane electrochemical cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1169599A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109904481A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-06-18 | 天津大学 | The cathode of solid oxide fuel cell metal foam runner optimizes structure |
| CN110492125A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of hardened structure, double panel assemblies and the fuel cell with it |
-
1997
- 1997-06-25 CN CN97113680A patent/CN1169599A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109904481A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-06-18 | 天津大学 | The cathode of solid oxide fuel cell metal foam runner optimizes structure |
| CN110492125A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of hardened structure, double panel assemblies and the fuel cell with it |
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