CN116949381A - Preparation method of ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of metal material coating manufacturing, and discloses a preparation method of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating. Aims at solving the technical problems that when the ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating is prepared in the prior art, the formed unbalanced solidification structure causes low hardness of alloy powder, the wear-resistant coating has low hardness, the crack sensitivity of the cladding layer is increased, and even the risk of cracking and spalling occurs. The application comprises the following steps: s1, heat-treating an alloy bar; s2, preparing alloy powder and testing the performance of the alloy powder; s3, preparing the ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating and testing the performance of the ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating. The application realizes the effective conversion of the object phase from the metal bar material, the metal powder and the metal coating, and greatly reduces the difficulty of the heat treatment of the object phase; the wear-resistant coating has excellent wear resistance, and the surface roughness of the coating is low, so that the subsequent machining difficulty is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of metal material coating manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating.
Background
Along with the high-speed development of modern construction, higher requirements are put forward on manufacturing industries, especially industries with higher requirements on wear resistance such as coal petroleum, chemical metallurgy, automobile manufacturing and the like, at present, the effects of surface strengthening and local repair can be effectively achieved by preparing a layer of coating with high wear resistance on the surface of a key part, the service life of the coating is prolonged, and the remanufacturing cost is reduced.
The laser cladding technology utilizes high-energy density laser beams to quickly melt and quickly solidify cladding materials and the surface of a matrix, so that the cladding layer and the surface of the matrix achieve the metallurgical bonding effect, and the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the substrate are obviously improved. The cladding layer prepared by laser cladding has the advantages of metallurgical bonding with a matrix, fine and compact structure, high performance and the like.
The ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is based on the traditional laser cladding technology, achieves the effects of shortening the irradiation time of a laser single point and greatly improving the cladding rate and the powder utilization rate by adjusting the optimal coupling of powder particles and laser beams, solves the bottleneck problem that the application of the existing cladding technology is limited due to low efficiency and high cost, and is attracting more and more attention.
The component proportion and phase composition of the raw material powder are one of the main factors influencing the wear resistance of the coating, wherein the composition of the phases of the metal powder has great difference due to the different pulverizing processes; the gas atomization powder preparation is one of the most widely used metal powder preparation methods nowadays, and in the production process, because the cooling speed of molten fine liquid drops is extremely high, some hard alloy phases cannot be separated out from a powder matrix, and the formed unbalanced solidification structure leads to lower hardness of alloy powder.
The ultra-high speed wear-resistant coating prepared by the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology has similar process characteristics, and when the coating is prepared conventionally, the precipitation amount of alloy phase in the cladding layer is small under the ultra-fast cooling condition, so that the hardness of the wear-resistant coating is low, and the cladding layer and even the whole part are required to be subjected to heat treatment in order to achieve the ideal performance. In some oversized parts or metal parts with complex structures which are not easy to heat, the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer are further improved by a method of externally adding a hard phase, but the crack sensitivity of the cladding layer is increased and even the risk of cracking and peeling occurs by externally adding the hard phase.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical problems, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of a high-hardness and high-wear-resistance coating by ultra-high-speed laser cladding, which solves the technical problems of low hardness of alloy powder, low hardness of the wear-resistance coating, increased crack sensitivity of a cladding layer, and even risk of cracking and spalling caused by an unbalanced solidification structure formed when the ultra-high-speed wear-resistance coating is prepared in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for preparing an ultra-high speed laser cladding high hardness high wear resistant coating, comprising the steps of:
s1, heat treatment of alloy bars: placing the alloy bar rich in carbide forming elements into an air-isolated heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, quenching the alloy bar for 1-2 times to obtain a quenched part, tempering the quenched part for 1-3 times, taking out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy bar with fully precipitated carbide;
s2, preparing alloy powder and testing the performance of the alloy powder: carrying out finish machining on the alloy bar subjected to the heat treatment in the step S1 to obtain an alloy electrode bar with a required specification, placing the alloy electrode bar in plasma rotary electrode equipment for vacuumizing treatment, setting parameters of a distance between a plasma gun and the electrode bar, a rotating speed of the electrode bar, a feeding speed and a power parameter of the plasma gun, and filling protective gas to prepare alloy powder; testing the fluidity, granularity, oxygen content and sphericity of the prepared alloy powder, and observing the morphology and microstructure of the alloy powder by a scanning electron microscope;
s3, preparing an ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating and testing the performance of the ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating: carrying out surface pretreatment on the piece to be clad, polishing, cleaning and descaling; preparing the alloy powder prepared in the step S2 on the surface of a piece to be clad through ultra-high-speed laser cladding, and preparing an ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating; and (3) sampling, grinding and polishing the wear-resistant coating, analyzing the microstructure of the wear-resistant coating by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and measuring the hardness of the wear-resistant coating by a microhardness meter.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, in S1, the carbide-forming elements and contents include: c:0.50 to 1.80 percent, mo:2.00 to 6.00 percent, cr: 3.00-10.0%, V:1.0 to 5.50 percent, W: 5.00-11.0%.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in S2, the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode rod is 20-90 mm, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is 25000-35000 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.5-1.5 mm/S, and the power of the plasma gun is 150kw-200kw.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the process parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding in S3 are: the diameter of the light spot is 1-4 mm, the laser power is 1500-5000W, the scanning speed is 40-60 m/min, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, the powder feeding speed is 20-50 g/min, and the argon flow is 4-15/min.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluidity of the alloy powder in S3 is 10 to 30S/50g, and the alloy powder particulate carbide alloy phase is largely precipitated, the particulate carbide alloy phase comprising MC, M6C, M C6, or M7C3.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the cladding layer hardness in S3 is not less than 65HRC.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, the heat preservation temperature of the quenching treatment in S1 is 800-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-60 min, and the cooling mode is oil cooling.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, the tempering treatment in S1 has a heat preservation temperature of 400-600 ℃, a heat preservation time of 30-130 min, and a cooling mode is air cooling.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the heating rate at which the alloy rod of carbide forming element in S1 is heat treated is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, the diameter of the alloy electrode rod in S2 is 20-55 mm, the length is 130-160 mm, and the deviation of straightness is not more than 0.01mm.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the preparation scheme, the phase change is carried out on the base material through heat treatment, so that carbide is fully separated out, and the ultra-normal cooling characteristics of powder preparation by using the plasma rotating electrode and ultra-high speed laser cladding are utilized, so that the effective conversion of the target phase from the metal bar-metal powder-metal coating is realized, and the difficulty of heat treatment of the target phase is greatly reduced; compared with the prior art, the powder is subjected to phase change after processing, or atomized into powder after phase change, and the obtained powder is used for preparing the coating after the phase change and the subsequent processing, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating are obviously improved.
2. The high-performance metal powder prepared by the rotary electrode has the characteristics of more than or equal to 94% of sphericity, less than or equal to 630ppm of oxygen content, less hollow powder and the like; the metal powder itself separates out a large amount of high-hardness phase, has excellent physical and chemical properties, and is especially suitable for surface modification processes such as ultra-high speed laser cladding.
3. The coating prepared by the proper ultra-high speed laser cladding process can obtain excellent wear resistance, does not need to carry out additional heat treatment on the surface modified metal piece, has low surface roughness of the cladding layer, and greatly reduces the subsequent machining difficulty.
4. The proportion of W, V in carbide forming elements can be properly increased, and the phenomenon of cracking of a coating caused by too high W, V content in the traditional method can be effectively reduced.
5. The scanning speed is high, the effect of ultra-fast cooling can be achieved in the ultra-high speed laser cladding process, the time of existence of a molten pool is reduced, and carbide in powder is inherited to the greatest extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure morphology of a metal powder prepared according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure morphology of the metal powder prepared in comparative example
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure morphology of a cladding layer prepared according to the embodiment of the application
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure morphology of the cladding layer prepared in comparative example II of the present application
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present application only, and are not intended to limit the present application.
Example 1
The example discloses a preparation method of a coating with high hardness and high wear resistance by ultra-high speed laser cladding, which is shown in figures 1 to 4,
s1, selecting alloy bars rich in C, W, V, cr, mo and other carbide synthetic elements of high-speed steel for experiments, wherein the chemical compositions are shown in a table 1, and the balance is Fe:
table 1 carbide-synthesized elements and contents of alloy rods
The alloy rod heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, heat-preserving the alloy rod at 850 ℃ for 1h, then heating to 1160 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min for quenching, wherein a quenching medium is cooling oil; and (3) tempering treatment is immediately carried out after quenching, the tempering heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, the alloy bar with fully separated carbide is obtained after being taken out and cooled to room temperature, and the heating rate in the heating process of the heat treatment is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
S2, carrying out finish machining on the alloy bar after heat treatment to obtain an alloy electrode bar; the diameter of the alloy electrode rod is 49mm, the length of the alloy electrode rod is 150mm, and the straightness deviation is 0.006mm.
S3, loading the alloy electrode rod obtained in the S2 into plasma rotary electrode equipment and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the powder preparation chamber reaches 0.8x10 -3 Filling argon into the equipment after Pa to ensure that the air pressure is higher than 1 standard atmosphere, wherein the mass purity of the argon is 99.9%; the parameters of atomization powder preparation are as follows: the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode rod is 21mm, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is 34000r/min, the feeding speed is 1.1mm/s, and the power of the plasma gun is 170KW.
S4, cooling and screening the atomized powder obtained in the step S3, and then packaging under vacuum to obtain high-performance alloy powder.
S5, the prepared high-performance metal powder is applied to the field of surface modification, and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is taken as an example, the high-hardness wear-resistant coating is prepared by using the high-performance metal powder prepared by the application, and the example is implemented in detail as follows:
the method comprises the steps of using a 45# steel bar with the diameter of 50mm as a super-high-speed laser cladding matrix material, carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the surface of the matrix bar, and wiping off surface grease and impurities by using ethanol before coating preparation.
Preparing the high-performance metal powder on the surface of an experimental substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, wherein the ultra-high speed laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 2.3mm, the laser power is 2970W, the scanning speed is 45mm/s, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding speed is 30g/min, and the protective gas flow is 7L/min; after the cladding is finished, the cladding piece is wrapped by asbestos cloth and cooled to room temperature.
According to the application, the power of the plasma gun is increased, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is increased, and the purpose is that the electrode rod reaches a semi-molten state and is atomized and pulverized under the action of high-speed rotating centrifugal force, so that the time of existence of a liquid phase is reduced as much as possible.
Example two
S1, selecting an alloy rod rich in C, W, V, cr, mo and other carbide synthetic elements for experiments, wherein the chemical components are shown in a table 2, and the other materials are the alloy rod per se, such as iron:
table 2 carbide-forming elements and contents of alloy rods
The alloy rod heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching for 1 time and tempering for 2 times, firstly heating to 1190 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 minutes to quench, wherein the quenching medium is cooling oil; and immediately carrying out tempering treatment for 2 times after quenching, wherein the tempering heat preservation temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy bar with fully separated carbide, and the heating rate in the heating process of the heat treatment is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
S2, carrying out finish machining on the alloy bar after heat treatment to obtain an alloy electrode bar; the diameter of the alloy electrode rod is 49mm, the length of the alloy electrode rod is 150mm, and the straightness deviation is 0.005mm.
S3, loading the alloy electrode rod obtained in the S2 into plasma rotary electrode equipment and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the powder preparation chamber reaches 0.7X10 -3 Filling argon into the equipment after Pa to ensure that the air pressure is higher than 1 standard atmosphere, wherein the mass purity of the argon is 99.9%; the parameters of atomization powder preparation are as follows: the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode rod is 21mm, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is 36000r/min, the feeding speed is 1.0mm/s, and the power of the plasma gun is 175KW.
S4, cooling and screening the atomized powder obtained in the step S3, and then packaging under vacuum to obtain high-performance alloy powder.
S5, the prepared high-performance metal powder can be applied to the field of surface modification, and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is taken as an example, the high-hardness wear-resistant coating is prepared by using the high-performance metal powder prepared by the application, and the example is implemented in detail as follows:
the method comprises the steps of using a 45# steel bar with the diameter of 50mm as a super-high-speed laser cladding matrix material, carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the surface of the matrix bar, and wiping off surface grease and impurities by using ethanol before coating preparation.
Preparing the high-performance metal powder on the surface of an experimental substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, wherein the ultra-high speed laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 2.3mm, the laser power is 3300W, the scanning speed is 40mm/s, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding speed is 50g/min, and the protective gas flow is 7L/min; after the cladding is finished, the cladding piece is wrapped by asbestos cloth and cooled to room temperature.
Example III
S1, selecting alloy bars rich in C, W, V, cr, mo and other carbide synthetic elements for experiments, wherein the chemical compositions are shown in table 3:
table 3 carbide-forming elements and contents of alloy rods
The hot treatment process of the alloy rod is as follows; quenching for 1 time and tempering for 2 times, firstly heating to 1225 ℃ and preserving heat for 10min for quenching, wherein a quenching medium is cooling oil; and immediately carrying out tempering treatment for 2 times after quenching, wherein the tempering heat preservation temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy bar with fully separated carbide, and the heating rate in the heating process of the heat treatment is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
S2, carrying out finish machining on the alloy bar after heat treatment to obtain an alloy electrode bar; the diameter of the alloy electrode rod is 49mm, the length of the alloy electrode rod is 150mm, and the straightness deviation is 0.007mm.
S3, loading the alloy electrode rod obtained in the S2 into plasma rotary electrode equipment and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the powder preparation chamber reaches 0.8x10 -3 Filling argon into the equipment after Pa to ensure that the air pressure is higher than 1 standard atmosphere, wherein the mass purity of the argon is 99.9%; the parameters of atomization powder preparation are as follows: the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode rod is 21mm, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is 34000r/min, the feeding speed is 1.2mm/s, and the power of the plasma gun is 170KW.
S4, cooling and screening the atomized powder obtained in the step S3, and then packaging under vacuum to obtain high-performance alloy powder.
S5, the prepared high-performance metal powder can be applied to the field of surface modification, and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is taken as an example, the high-hardness wear-resistant coating is prepared by using the high-performance metal powder prepared by the application, and the example is implemented in detail as follows:
the method comprises the steps of using a 45# steel bar with the diameter of 50mm as a super-high-speed laser cladding matrix material, carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the surface of the matrix bar, and wiping off surface grease and impurities by using ethanol before coating preparation.
Preparing the high-performance metal powder on the surface of an experimental substrate by using an ultra-high speed laser cladding technology, wherein the ultra-high speed laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 2.3mm, the laser power is 2970W, the scanning speed is 50mm/s, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding speed is 45g/min, and the protective gas flow is 7L/min; after the cladding is finished, the cladding piece is wrapped by asbestos cloth and cooled to room temperature.
Comparative example one
Compared with the first embodiment, the difference of the embodiment is that S1, the alloy rod is commercial annealed high-speed steel with the same material, and quenching and tempering treatment are not performed before the plasma rotary electrode is used for pulverizing.
The remaining parameters and preparation process are described in example one.
Comparative example two
Compared with the first embodiment, the difference of the present embodiment is that S5, the alloy powder is used for coating preparation by conventional laser cladding, and the technological parameters of the laser cladding are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 2.0mm, the laser power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 800mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding rate is 40g/min, and the argon flow is 8/min.
The remaining parameters and preparation process are described in example one.
Correlation testing
The metal powders prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to the relevant tests, and the results are shown in Table 4
TABLE 4 results of Performance test of metal powders
The metal powders prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were sampled, and after metallographic sampling and treatment, the microstructure results are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Microhardness measurements were carried out on the cladding layers prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 hardness test results of the coatings
Analysis:
as shown in Table 4, in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, the metal powder prepared by using the plasma rotary electrode had advantages of high sphericity, good fluidity, low oxygen content, and the like.
As shown in Table 5, the microhardness test result of the cladding layer prepared by ultra-high speed laser cladding shows that the microhardness of the cladding layer obtained in the first embodiment can reach 65.4HV, and compared with the first comparative example, the metal powder obtained in the first embodiment can improve the hardness of the cladding layer by 45.7% under the same ultra-high speed laser cladding preparation process condition; compared with the second comparative example, the hardness of the cladding layer prepared by the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is improved by 33.2% compared with the hardness of the cladding layer prepared by the conventional laser cladding under the same cladding powder condition.
FIG. 1 is a high performance metal powder prepared in example one; FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a metal powder prepared without heat treatment from an electrode rod of comparative example; as can be seen from the comparison, the high-performance metal powder prepared in example one has a large amount of precipitated granular carbide phase, which indicates that the carbide is inherited in a large amount in the powder preparation process.
The cladding layer of comparative example one still presents network carbide, as shown in fig. 4, and the cladding layer of example one presents grain-packed carbide, as shown in fig. 3, which is mainly related to the massive inheritance of carbide in metal powder, and inherits the structure type of metal powder during ultra-high speed laser cladding.
In summary, the high-performance metal powder can be prepared by performing heat treatment on the electrode rod and utilizing the plasma rotating electrode technology, and the performance of preparing the workpiece can be obviously improved by applying the metal powder to the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology.
In the embodiment, as the material and the process are improved, the spot diameter can be replaced by adopting a form of 1.2mm, and the forming precision is higher.
While certain preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is intended to include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, heat treatment of alloy bars: placing the alloy bar rich in carbide forming elements into an air-isolated heat treatment furnace for heat treatment, quenching the alloy bar for 1-2 times to obtain a quenched part, tempering the quenched part for 1-3 times, taking out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alloy bar with fully precipitated carbide;
s2, preparing alloy powder and testing the performance of the alloy powder: carrying out finish machining on the alloy bar subjected to the heat treatment in the step S1 to obtain an alloy electrode bar with a required specification, placing the alloy electrode bar in plasma rotary electrode equipment for vacuumizing treatment, setting parameters of a distance between a plasma gun and the electrode bar, a rotating speed of the electrode bar, a feeding speed and a power parameter of the plasma gun, and filling protective gas to prepare alloy powder; testing the fluidity, granularity, oxygen content and sphericity of the prepared alloy powder, and observing the morphology and microstructure of the alloy powder by a scanning electron microscope;
s3, preparing an ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating and testing the performance of the ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating: carrying out surface pretreatment on the piece to be clad, polishing, cleaning and descaling; preparing the alloy powder prepared in the step S2 on the surface of a piece to be clad through ultra-high-speed laser cladding, and preparing an ultra-high-speed wear-resistant coating; and (3) sampling, grinding and polishing the wear-resistant coating, analyzing the microstructure of the wear-resistant coating by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and measuring the hardness of the wear-resistant coating by a microhardness meter.
2. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the carbide forming elements and the contents comprise: based on the total weight of the alloy electrode rod, wherein C:0.50 to 1.80 percent, mo:2.00 to 6.00 percent, cr: 3.00-10.0%, V:1.0 to 5.50 percent, W: 5.00-11.0%.
3. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the distance between the plasma gun and an electrode rod is 20-90 mm, the rotating speed of the electrode rod is 25000-35000 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.5-1.5 mm/S, and the power of the plasma gun is 150kw-200kw.
4. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding in the step S3 are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 1-4 mm, the laser power is 1500-5000W, the scanning speed is 40-60 m/min, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, the powder feeding speed is 20-50 g/min, and the argon flow is 4-15/min.
5. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fluidity of the alloy powder in the step S3 is 10-30S/50 g, and a large amount of granular carbide alloy phase of the alloy powder is precipitated, wherein the granular carbide alloy phase comprises MC, M6C, M C6 or M7C3.
6. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the step S3, the hardness of the cladding layer is not less than 65HRC.
7. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the heat preservation temperature of the quenching treatment in the step S1 is 800-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-60 min, and the cooling mode is oil cooling.
8. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the tempering treatment in the step S1 has the heat preservation temperature of 400-600 ℃, the heat preservation time of 30-130 min and the cooling mode of air cooling.
9. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating rate of the alloy bar of the carbide forming element in the S1 during heat treatment is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
10. The method for preparing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding high-hardness high-wear-resistance coating, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of the alloy electrode rod in the S2 is 20-55 mm, the length is 130-160 mm, and the straightness deviation is not more than 0.01mm.
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