CN112548094A - 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing and using method thereof - Google Patents

30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing and using method thereof Download PDF

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CN112548094A
CN112548094A CN202011415281.9A CN202011415281A CN112548094A CN 112548094 A CN112548094 A CN 112548094A CN 202011415281 A CN202011415281 A CN 202011415281A CN 112548094 A CN112548094 A CN 112548094A
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alloy steel
30cr15moy
powder
laser
additive manufacturing
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CN112548094B (en
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陈岁元
尚凡敏
陈雪婷
魏明炜
崔彤
梁京
刘常升
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Northeastern University China
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses novel 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing and a preparation method thereof. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder comprises 0.25-0.35% of C and 14.5-15.5% of Cr, has the characteristics of medium C and high Cr content, and has the oxygen content of less than 0.05%, the sphericity of more than 99%, the hollow sphere rate of no more than 1%, and the apparent density of 4.5-4.95 g/cm3The fluidity is 15 to 15.5s/50 g. The average microhardness of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing is 370-430 HV, the tensile strength is 1090-1300 MPa, the yield strength is 800-980 MPa, the elongation is 7-14%, and the alloy steel forming sample has good obdurability matching performance. The average microhardness of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing is 650-750 HV, the tensile strength is 1007-1438 MPa, and the wear rate is 6 multiplied by 10‑6～8×10‑6mm3/(N.m), the corrosion current density was 1.93X 10‑7～5.6×10‑7A·cm‑2The corrosion voltage is-221 to-576 mV, and the alloy has the characteristics of good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The alloy steel powder has wide application prospect in the fields of laser additive manufacturing and manufacturing of formed parts and laser remanufacturing of parts for repairing wear corrosion failure.

Description

30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing metal, and particularly relates to spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing and a laser printing method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the wide application of laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing technology in the field of manufacturing and remanufacturing metal key parts, such as parts of a high-speed rail brake disc, a nuclear power emergency camshaft and the like which are directly manufactured (3D formed) by laser, roller boxes, pull rods, frames and the like which are key parts of short stress line rolling mill failure in the metallurgy industry of laser remanufacturing cladding repair, the high-performance alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing has great demand. At present, titanium alloy, cobalt-based alloy, nickel-based alloy and low-carbon iron-based alloy powder are studied sufficiently at home and abroad, but the alloys have the defects of high cost, poor laser formability or incapability of meeting the performance requirements of high-wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant key parts manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, and the like. Alloy steel is the most common alloy for key engineering parts, and alloy steel powder has the advantages of low cost, close to matrix components, good compatibility and the like. Therefore, the research on the invention of preparing the special alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of wear-resistant key parts, which has good laser formability and meets the requirements of high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance, has become one of the important tasks in laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of metal key parts.
The laser additive manufacturing and key metal part remanufacturing process is a non-equilibrium metallurgical process and has the characteristics of small heat affected zone, small deformation, good metallurgical bonding with a base body, easy realization of automation and the like. The alloy composition is one of key factors determining the structure and performance of key metal parts for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, and for a low-carbon low-alloy steel system, the hardness is generally low (300-400 HV), and the performance requirements of high-hardness and high-wear-resistance parts cannot be met; for wear-resistant alloy steel systems with complex components such as high C, high alloy and the like, due to the fact that typical phase change stress and thermal stress exist in a cladding layer, cracks, deformation and other defects are easily generated in laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of high-hardness and high-wear-resistant alloy steel parts or coatings, use value is lost, and meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the alloy steel is adversely affected due to high carbon content; the medium carbon alloy steel can ensure certain alloy hardness and reduce the adverse effect of high carbon content on corrosion resistance. The component design concept of the traditional high-hardness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel powder widely used in the market is mainly based on a balanced metallurgy method and theory, and the traditional high-hardness and high-wear-resistance and high-corrosion-resistance alloy steel powder in the market is often used for carrying out laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, and has the scientific problems that the powder printing performance is poor, deformation and cracking are easy to generate, the toughness and the matching performance are poor, the mechanical property is poor, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance cannot meet the requirements, and the like.
Aiming at the scientific problems, on the basis of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the forming characteristics of unbalanced metallurgy of laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing technologies are closely combined, the innovative design is suitable for high-corrosion-resistance and high-wear-resistance medium carbon alloy steel components for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, the defects that the forming property is poor (deformation and cracking), the material performance cannot meet the requirements and the like in the laser forming process of the traditional alloy component system powder are overcome, the requirements of the current market on the high-corrosion-resistance and high-wear-resistance alloy steel powder special for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing are met, and a material foundation is laid for repairing key parts of the high-corrosion-resistance and high-wear-resistance alloy steel through laser additive manufacturing and remanufactur.
The hardness value of alloy steel powder such as 24CrNiMoY, 12CrNi2RE, 50Cr6Ni2Y and the like for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing is 300-500 HV, the tensile strength reaches 900-1200 MPa, the elongation reaches 8-12%, the performance requirements of core materials of wear-resistant parts, namely high-speed rail brake discs and nuclear power emergency diesel camshafts are met, the hardness of surface working layers of the high-speed rail brake discs, nuclear power emergency diesel camshafts and failure key parts of a short stress path rolling mill needs to reach 600-900 HV, and the alloy steel powder has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, however, the high-performance alloy steel powder which is suitable for the high-hardness high-wear-resistant working layers for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing does not meet the requirements of high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance of the key parts, and therefore the targets of laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of the high-performance key parts are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application aims to provide 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing and a use method thereof. According to the invention, a novel 30Cr15MoY alloy steel component system is innovatively designed by adjusting the content of C, Cr element in 15Cr13MoY alloy steel and combining simulation calculation and experimental verification, the hardness of a formed sample (the thickness is more than or equal to 10mm) is 350-450 HV, the hardness of a coating (the thickness is less than or equal to 3mm) reaches 650-750 HV, and a novel material is provided for industrial application of a high-hardness wear-resistant working layer on the surface of a part and a core material matched with the toughness of the part.
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means.
The invention provides 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.25 to 0.35%, Cr: 14.5 to 15.5%, Mn: 1.10-1.20%, Si: 0.5 to 0.6%, Mo: 0.45-0.55%, V: 0.45-0.55%, Y: 0.5-0.6%, N: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
In the technical scheme, the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder is spherical, the sphericity is 99%, the hollow sphere rate is not more than 1%, the oxygen content of the powder is below 0.05%, the particle size distribution is 1-180 mu m, and the median particle size D is5045 μm, and a bulk density of 4.5-4.95 g/cm3The fluidity is 15 to 15.5s/50 g. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder can be prepared by adopting a conventional vacuum induction melting gas atomization method. The alloy steel powder is composed of a solid solution of alpha-Fe and a small amount of gamma-Fe.
In another aspect of the present invention, a laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing method of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing is further provided, where the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder is used as a powder feeding material, and is printed on a substrate through laser additive 3D to prepare a deposited 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material, where the laser additive 3D printing laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 5-6 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5-9 g/min, the overlapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.4-0.6 mm, the interlayer cooling time is 1-3 min, and inert gas is introduced for protection in the whole printing process.
In the technical scheme, the shape and the printing path of a printing body are set by adopting programming software of a laser additive manufacturing machine, 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder is used as a powder feeding raw material on a substrate, laser additive 3D printing is carried out according to set 3D printing technological parameters, and the deposited 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material is prepared. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material can be used as a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece material or a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel wear-resistant coating material. Specifically, when the alloy steel is used as a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece material, the material thickness is preferably more than 10mm, and the core material with matched strength and toughness of parts can be directly prepared, while the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel can be directly used as a core material with matched strength and toughness of the partsWhen the material is used as the wear-resistant coating material, the thickness of the material is preferably less than 3mm, and the material can be used as a high-hardness wear-resistant working layer (coating) on the surface of a part. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece material has good formability, mainly bainite in structure and good toughness matching, and has the microhardness of 350-450 HV, the tensile strength of 1100-1300 MPa, the yield strength of 820-980 MPa and the elongation of 7-14%. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel wear-resistant coating material mainly comprises martensite in structure, the microhardness is 650-750 HV, the tensile strength is 1000-1438 MPa, and the wear rate is 6 multiplied by 10-6～8×10-6mm3/(N.m), the corrosion current density was 1.93X 10-7～5.6×10-7A·cm-2The corrosion voltage is-221 to-576 mV. The laser remanufacturing 30Cr15MnVY alloy steel coating has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
In the above technical solution, the inert gas is preferably argon gas.
In the above technical solution, the printing path is preferably a layer-by-layer parallel reciprocating printing. The printing path can be selected according to the shape of the sample to be printed and the actual requirement, so as to obtain the required sample.
In the present invention, a preferable use method of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing includes the steps of:
step one, pretreatment of substrate material and powder
Grinding, polishing and cleaning the substrate for later use; drying 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder at 80-100 ℃ for 3-5 h, and filling the dried powder into a powder feeder for later use;
step two, laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing
Adopting a DLight-3000W lateral axial powder feeding semiconductor laser additive 3D printer, setting the shape and the printing path of a printing body by using programming software matched with the laser 3D printer, and preparing a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material in a deposition state on a substrate; wherein, the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 5-6 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5-9 g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the overlapping rate is 30-40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.4-0.6 mm, the interlayer cooling time is 1-3 min, and inert gas Ar is introduced to protect a high-temperature molten pool in the whole printing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention designs a novel medium-C and high-Cr 30Cr15MoY alloy steel composition for laser additive manufacturing, adopts a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method to prepare 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder, can meet the performance requirement of toughness matching of a core part of a laser additive manufacturing part, and can also meet the performance requirement of high hardness, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a surface working layer of a laser remanufacturing key metal wear-resistant part.
(2) The sphericity of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by the method is 99%, the hollow sphere rate is lower than 1%, the fluidity is good, the particle size of the powder is 1-180 mu m, the particle size distribution is narrow, and the characteristic requirements of laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing technology on the alloy steel powder are met.
(3) The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder has good laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing formability, an alloy steel sample material prepared by 3D laser printing has no defects of cracks, pores and the like, and has excellent comprehensive performance, according to different requirements, the alloy steel powder can be used for manufacturing a core part forming piece with matched strength and toughness of a part by laser additive manufacturing, and can also be used for manufacturing a high-hardness wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating by laser, the strength and toughness of the forming piece are well matched, the microhardness of the forming piece is 350-450 HV, the tensile strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the yield strength is 820-980 MPa, and the elongation is 7-14%; the hardness of a coating sample reaches 650-750 HV, the tensile strength is 1000-1438 MPa, and the wear rate is 6 multiplied by 10-6～8×10-6mm3/(N.m), the corrosion current density was 1.93X 10-7～5.6×10-7A·cm-2The corrosion voltage is-221 to-576 mV, and the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant alloy has good corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant properties. The novel material and the preparation method are provided for the industrial application of the core material and the surface working layer which are matched with the obdurability of key parts such as a nuclear power emergency camshaft, a high-speed rail brake disc and the like in the laser additive manufacturing process and the high-hardness high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistant working layer on the surface of the key part of the short stress path rolling mill in the laser remanufacturing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microhardness curve of a sample of five compositions designed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a mass fraction-temperature curve of a simulated phase of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulated dynamic curve of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel of the present invention, (a) TTT, (b) CCT;
FIG. 4 is SEM morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by the method of example 1 of the invention, (a)200 times, (b)2000 times and (c)5000 times;
FIG. 5 is a surface element distribution diagram of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the cross-sectional morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention, (a) metallographic morphology, and (b) scanning morphology;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the cumulative mass distribution of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a macro morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a sample scanning texture of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a microhardness curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows tensile fracture morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece samples prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 1 of the present invention at different times, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 14 shows the macro morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a scanned texture profile of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a microhardness curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 shows tensile fracture morphology at different multiples of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 2 of the present invention, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 19 shows the metallographic morphology of wear scars of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing in example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 20 is an electrochemical polarization curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing in example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 21 is an SEM image of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by example 3 of the invention, wherein the SEM image is (a)200 times, (b)2000 times and (c)5000 times;
FIG. 22 is a surface element distribution diagram of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 23 shows the cross-sectional morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 3 of the present invention, (a) metallographic morphology, and (b) scanning morphology;
FIG. 24 is a graph showing the cumulative mass distribution of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a macro morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a sample scanning texture of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a microhardness curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 30 shows tensile fracture morphology at different multiples of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 3 of the present invention, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 31 is a macro morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 32 is a scanned texture profile of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in accordance with example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 33 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 34 is a microhardness curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 35 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 36 shows tensile fracture morphology at different multiples of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 4 of the present invention, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 37 is an electrochemical polarization curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing in example 4 of the invention;
FIG. 38 is an SEM image of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by example 5 of the invention, wherein the SEM image is (a)200 times, (b)2000 times and (c)5000 times;
FIG. 39 is a surface element distribution diagram of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 40 shows the cross-sectional morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 5 of the present invention, (a) metallographic morphology, and (b) scanning morphology;
FIG. 41 is a graph showing the cumulative mass distribution of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 42 is a macro morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 43 is a sample scanned texture profile of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 44 is a microhardness curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 45 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 46 shows tensile fracture morphology at different multiples of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 5 of the present invention, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 47 is a macro morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 48 shows a scanned texture profile of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in accordance with example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 49 is a microhardness curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 50 is a stress-strain curve of a sample of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating prepared by laser additive manufacturing in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 51 shows tensile fracture morphology at different times for samples of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coatings prepared by laser additive manufacturing according to example 6 of the present invention, (a) low-power, (b) high-power;
FIG. 52 shows the metallographic morphology of wear scars of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 53 is an electrochemical polarization curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing in example 6 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
The following examples used a laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing printer and performance testing equipment:
preparing a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming material by adopting a DLight-3000W semiconductor laser additive 3D printer with the maximum power reaching 3 kW;
measuring chemical components and oxygen contents of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel cast ingots, powder and forming materials by adopting an AGILENT-7700 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and a TCH-600 nitrogen oxygen hydrogen analyzer;
measuring the apparent density and the flowability of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder by using a HYL-102 type Hall flow meter;
observing the hollow sphere rate of the powder and the metallographic structure of a formed sample by adopting an OLYMPUS-GX71 type inverted Optical Microscope (OM);
observing the surface appearance of the powder, the element EDS analysis and the microstructure of the formed sample by adopting a Shimadzu-SSX-550 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM);
phase analysis of the powder and the molded sample was carried out by using a SmartLab-9000 model Japan X-ray diffractometer (XRD);
adopting an INSTRON-5969 electronic universal material testing machine to test the tensile property of the printed and formed sample;
use of Al on a Friction wear tester (Nanovea TRB) manufactured by NANOVEA Inc. of USA2O3The ceramic balls (diameter 6mm) were subjected to a reciprocating frictional wear test. Experimental parameters: loading load 10N, abrasion time 1h and rotation speed 200 r/min.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel master alloy used in the following examples comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.3%, Cr: 15%, Mn: 1.1%, Si: 0.5%, Mo: 0.5%, V: 0.5%, Y: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe. The alloy steel ingot is prepared by adopting a vacuum induction ultra-pure melting technology (VIM) and can be prepared by adopting conventional process parameter setting, the oxygen content of the alloy steel ingot is controlled below 0.01 percent, other alloy elements are uniformly distributed, obvious segregation is avoided, and the alloy steel ingot is applicable to the invention. The prepared cylindrical alloy steel ingot is subjected to gas atomization by adopting a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method to obtain 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing, and the alloy steel powder can be prepared by adopting conventional processes and parameters, wherein the specific preparation method is described in detail in the invention patent application with the application publication number of CN 109913766A.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.25-0.35%, Cr: 14-16%, Si: 0.5-0.6%, Mo: 0.5-0.6%, V: 0.5 to 0.6%, Mn: 1.10-1.20%, Y: 0.45-0.55%, N: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
The design method of the 30Cr15MoY alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing comprises the following steps:
based on the principle of multi-element alloy obdurability matching and the classical phase diagram theory, the composition of novel alloy powder components is designed by a method of combining simulation calculation and experimental verification, through the optimization of C, Cr content in the alloy and the addition of a proper amount of rare earth element Y, the calculation of the composition and the type and the content of a precipitated phase under the non-equilibrium metallurgical condition, and the combination of strengthening mechanisms such as solid solution strengthening, phase change strengthening and the like in the alloy, and the aim of ensuring that the alloy hardness reaches above 650HV and has good corrosion resistance is achieved. The C element and the Cr element are two important elements in alloy steel, and play a decisive role in the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the alloy steel. Wherein C is a carbide forming element and plays an important role in the strength and hardness of the alloy steel, and Cr can form carbide with C to play a role in solid solution strengthening, and can also improve the electrode potential of the alloy to form Cr2O3Passivating the film, and simultaneously improving the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Through comparison and optimization of alloy steel components under different C and Cr element ratios, the components of five alloy powders designed by adding C and Cr elements are optimized by taking the formability and hardness value of a sample as indexes in Table 1.
TABLE 1 design composition wt.% of five alloy powders
Figure BDA0002817539950000081
FIG. 1 is a microhardness curve of a sample under five designed components, and the optimal alloy component is selected according to the average hardness value and the formability of a cladding layer as C: 0.25-0.35%, Cr: 14-16%, Si: 0.5-0.6%, Mo: 0.5-0.6%, V: 0.5 to 0.6%, Mn: 1.10-1.20%, Y: 0.45-0.55%, and the balance of Fe. Adding proper Y element to optimized alloy compositionForm multi-particle reinforced and thinned cladding layer tissues, improve the toughness of the material and reduce the tendency of cracks. The high-performance 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder suitable for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing is finally obtained by adjusting the other elements and the addition amount, and the formula comprises the following components: c: 0.25-0.35%, Cr: 14-16%, Si: 0.5-0.6%, Mo: 0.5-0.6%, V: 0.5 to 0.6%, Mn: 1.10-1.20%, Y: 0.45-0.55%, and the balance of Fe. FIG. 2 is a simulated mass fraction-temperature curve of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel, and the simulation result shows that the phase compositions of the alloy at normal temperature are ferrite phase, austenite phase and carbide M23C6And (4) forming. FIG. 3 shows simulated kinetic curves of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel, (a) TTT curve, and (b) CCT curve. The cooling rate of the laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing forming mode is 106The formed structure is free from pearlite formation and mainly has martensite and bainite structures.
Example 1
Preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder: after 30Cr15MoY alloy steel master alloy is smelted into molten steel by adopting a vacuum gas atomization induction smelting furnace, high-pressure argon is atomized into alloy steel powder material, wherein the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is 1655 ℃, and the air pressure during atomization is 10 MPa.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample is prepared from 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method through laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing, and the sample preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreatment of substrate material and powder
The substrate is made of 45# steel, the surface of the substrate is derusted and decontaminated by a grinding wheel to be bright, clean and flat, and is cleaned by alcohol and acetone in sequence and then is blown dry for later use;
drying 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder with the particle size of 50-180 mu m at 80 ℃ for 3h, and then putting the dried powder into a powder feeder for later use;
step two, laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing process
The method comprises the steps of forming by using a semiconductor laser 3D printer with the maximum power of 3kW, setting the shape of a printing body and a printing path by using self-contained programming software in a lateral powder feeding mode, wherein the printing path is formed by layer-by-layer parallel reciprocating printing. Preparing a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample in a deposition state on a substrate; wherein, the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2100W, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 7.3g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.5mm, the interlayer cooling time is 1min, and argon is introduced to protect a high-temperature molten pool in the whole printing process.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and the laser rapid deposition state sample prepared in this example were subjected to the following analysis and testing:
(1) chemical composition and oxygen content analysis: the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment is measured according to the national standard GB/T14265-1993, and the chemical components of the alloy steel powder according to the mass percentage are as follows: 0.296%, Cr: 15.2%, Si: 0.558%, Mn: 1.19%, Si: 0.507%, Mo: 0.527%, V: 0.485%, Y: 0.523%, O: 0.038 percent, and the balance of Fe, and the chemical composition is qualified.
(2) Sphericity and surface morphology: by observing the surface and the microscopic morphology of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the powder with the particle size of 1-180 mu m has good sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, smooth surface and less defects such as satellite balls, broken balls and the like. The elements on the surface of the powder are uniformly distributed, as shown in fig. 5. The presence of fine white particles on the powder surface (see FIG. 4(c)), and the result of EDS detection was a rare earth oxide Y2O3。
(3) And (3) hollow sphere rate analysis: FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the cross-sectional morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder with a particle size of 1-180 μm, and it can be seen from FIG. 6(a) that a small amount of hollow sphere powder exists in the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder with a particle size of 1-180 μm, and the hollow sphere rate does not exceed 1%. In the gas atomization process, 30Cr15MoY alloy molten steel is spread into a liquid film and is crushed into a fine liquid film under the impact of high-pressure argon, the liquid film is contracted into small liquid drops under the action of surface tension, hollow spheres are formed probably because the high-pressure argon is coated inside the liquid drops, and because the solidification rate of the powder is high, gas cannot escape in time, so that closed hollow sphere powder is formed. If more hollow spheres exist in alloy powder used for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing, air hole defects can be formed in the printing process, and therefore the printing performance of the powder and the performance of a printed sample are affected. Fig. 6(b) shows the shape of the cross section of the powder after erosion, which indicates that the powder has equiaxed crystal structure, probably because the powder has small particle size and high solidification rate, and the structure is not as large as possible during the gas atomization process, so that equiaxed crystal structure is formed, and the structure distribution is relatively uniform.
(4) Powder particle size distribution test: the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by the embodiment is subjected to particle size distribution of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder by a laser particle size analyzer, the particle size distribution of the prepared 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder meets normal distribution, and the requirements of most laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing technologies on the particle size of the alloy steel powder can be met.
(5) Powder XRD phase analysis: the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing prepared in the example was subjected to X-ray diffraction, and the obtained X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in FIG. 8. As can be seen from the figure, the phases of the powder are α -Fe solid solution phase and γ -Fe solid solution phase.
(6) Testing apparent density and fluidity: generally, the larger the particle size of the powder, the smaller the apparent density, and the higher apparent density can be obtained with the powder of the same size. The loose packing density is increased, and the flowability of the powder can be improved. In this example, a HYL-102 type hall flow meter is used, a stainless steel funnel with a pore diameter of 5mm is used according to national standard GB/T1482-2010, loose density of the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing prepared in this example is measured, 5 times of the measurement results are shown in table 2, and 5 times of the average value of loose density of the powder is 4.54g/cm3。
TABLE 2 measurement of powder apparent Density
Figure BDA0002817539950000101
For laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing techniques, the flowability of the powder directly affects the uniformity of the laydown during printing and the stability of the powder feed process. The larger the powder particle size, the better the sphericity of the powder particles, and the smaller the proportion of the ultrafine powder, the better the flowability of the powder. The results of 5 times of measurement of the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing, which is prepared in the embodiment, with the particle size of 1-180 μm by using a HYL-102 type Hall flow meter according to the national standard GB/T1482-2010 and using a stainless steel funnel with the aperture of 5mm are shown in Table 3, and the average value of the 5 times of measurement results of the powder flowability is 15.12s/50 g.
TABLE 3 powder flowability measurement results
Figure BDA0002817539950000102
(7) Sample and microstructure for manufacturing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 9 shows the macro morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, wherein the thickness of the sample is 10mm, and it can be seen from the graph that the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample printed by laser 3D has good formability, flat surface and no macro defect on the surface.
FIG. 10 is the microstructure morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and it can be seen from the figure that the formed part sample has compact structure and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder used for laser additive manufacturing has low hollow sphere rate and good fluidity, and the components meet the requirements of laser 3D forming, so that the defects of pores, cracks and the like do not exist in a microstructure; and the fine grain structure obtained after laser 3D printing is very helpful for improving the obdurability of the structure. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece sample mainly comprises columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals, and the structure comprises residual austenite and bainite.
(8) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 11 is a microhardness profile of a sample of a laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel form. As can be seen from the figure, the hardness of the laser additive manufacturing molded part sample is 393HV, the toughness matching of the laser 3D molded part is realized, and the hardness is improved by 50-100 HV compared with the hardness (300-350 HV) of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel. And the hardness curve is relatively stable in fluctuation and small in fluctuation in the same performance region, and the defects that the structure of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample manufactured by laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing is compact and has no air holes, cracks and the like are overcome.
(9) Tensile property of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part sample manufactured by laser additive
Fig. 12 is a room temperature tensile curve of a sample of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing according to this embodiment, and it can be obtained from fig. 12 that the sample of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing has a tensile strength of 1262Mpa, a yield strength of 924Mpa, an elongation of 7.8%, and good toughness matching. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (797-890 MPa), the tensile strength is improved by 350-450 MPa, the yield strength is improved by 30-100 MPa, and the elongation is reduced by 12.5-17.5%.
Fig. 13 is a tensile fracture morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and fig. 13(a) is a fracture macro morphology, from which it can be known that necking occurs in the fracture. Fig. 13(b) is a microscopic morphology in the fracture, and it can be seen from the figure that a large number of dimples exist in the fracture, which are ductile fractures, and meet the performance requirement of the laser additive manufacturing forming piece for toughness matching.
Example 2
The preparation of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample by laser remanufacturing is carried out by adopting the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder in the first step and the second step in the example 1. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment 1 is adopted, and the laser remanufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2100W, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 7.3g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.5mm, the interlayer cooling time is 1min, and argon is introduced to protect a high-temperature molten pool in the whole printing process.
The following analytical tests were performed on the laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples prepared in this example:
(1) laser remanufacturing preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample and microstructure
FIG. 14 shows the macro morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample remanufactured by laser, the thickness of the sample is 3mm, and the graph shows that the prepared 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder has good laser formability, the surface of the coating sample is smooth, and the coating sample has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like.
FIG. 15 is the microstructure morphology of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample remanufactured by laser, and it can be seen that the coating sample has compact structure and has no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples mainly have martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
(2) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 16 is a microhardness profile of laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples. As can be seen from the figure, the average hardness of the laser remanufactured coating sample is 700HV, the hardness of the coating sample is higher and is 2 times of the hardness (300-350 HV) of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the wear resistance is good, and the performance requirement of repairing a wear failure component by laser remanufacturing can be met. The fluctuation of the hardness curve of the coating is small, which indicates that the laser remanufacturing coating has compact tissue and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like.
(3) Laser remanufacturing of room temperature tensile curve and fracture morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample
FIG. 17 is a room temperature tensile curve of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample, and it can be seen from the graph that the tensile strength of the laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample is 1438MPa, and the strength is high. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the tensile strength (797-890 MP a) is improved by 500-600 MPa.
FIG. 18 is a tensile fracture morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel lower sample coating sample manufactured by laser, and FIG. 18(a) is a fracture macroscopic morphology, wherein the fracture surface is flat and has no macroscopic plastic deformation; FIG. 18(b) shows the microstructure of fracture, which is seen to be crystalline and the tensile fracture mode is mainly brittle fracture.
(4) Frictional wear performance of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 19 shows the metallographic morphology of wear marks of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing after reciprocating wear, and the wear rate of the sample is calculated to be 7.65 multiplied by 10-6mm3V (N.m). The high hardness of the sample makes it exhibit better wear resistance. Abrasion resistance ratio 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (1.26X 10)-5mm3/(N.m)) resistance to abrasionThe sexual performance is improved by 2 times.
(5) Corrosion resistance of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 20 is an electrochemical potentiodynamic scanning polarization curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing, and the curve in the graph shows that a passive film on the surface of the coating sample is stable and has no breakdown phenomenon. The corrosion current density is 3.66 x 10-7A·cm-2The polarization voltage is-278.40 mV, and the corrosion resistance is equivalent to that of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel.
Example 3
Preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder: after a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel master alloy is smelted into molten steel by adopting a vacuum gas atomization induction smelting furnace, high-pressure argon is atomized into an alloy steel powder material, wherein the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is 1645 ℃, and the air pressure during atomization is 11 MPa.
The preparation method of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by adopting a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method is the same as the steps I and II described in the embodiment 1, wherein the laser additive manufacturing process parameters adopted in the embodiment are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5.5g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.4mm, and the interlayer cooling time is 3 min.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and the laser rapid deposition state sample prepared in this example were subjected to the following analysis and testing:
(1) chemical composition and oxygen content analysis:
the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment is measured according to the national standard GB/T14265-1993, and the chemical components of the alloy steel powder according to the mass percentage are as follows: c: 0.295%, Cr: 15.1%, Si: 0.505%, Mo: 0.507%, V: 0.485%, Mn: 1.13%, Y: 0.503%, O: 0.040%, the balance being Fe, the chemical composition being qualified.
(2) Sphericity and surface morphology:
the surface and the microscopic morphology of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in this example were observed, and as shown in FIG. 21, the powderThe spherical powder has good sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, smooth surface and less defects of satellite balls, broken balls and the like. The elements on the surface of the powder are uniformly distributed, as shown in fig. 22. Fine Y is precipitated on the powder surface2O3White particles (as shown in fig. 22 (i)).
(3) And (3) hollow sphere rate analysis:
FIG. 23 is a photograph showing the cross-sectional morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder having a particle size of 1 to 180 μm, as shown in FIG. 23 (a): a small amount of hollow sphere powder exists in the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder, and the hollow sphere rate is not more than 1%. FIG. 23(b) shows the cross-section of the powder after erosion, which shows that the powder has equiaxed crystal structure and uniform distribution of the structure.
(4) Powder particle size distribution test:
the particle size distribution and the cumulative mass distribution of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in this example were measured with a laser particle size analyzer, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 24. As can be seen from the figure, the powder particle size distribution conforms to the normal distribution, and the requirements of most laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing technologies on the particle size of the alloy steel powder can be met.
(5) Testing apparent density and fluidity:
the apparent density of the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing prepared in the embodiment was measured by using a HYL-102 type Hall flow meter, and the results of 5 measurements are shown in Table 4, wherein the average value obtained in 5 times of the apparent density of the powder is 4.632g/cm3。
TABLE 4 measurement of powder apparent Density
Figure BDA0002817539950000131
The flowability of the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, which is prepared in the embodiment and has the particle size of 1-180 mu m, is measured, the result of 5 times of measurement is shown in Table 5, the average value of the 5 times of measurement results of the flowability of the powder is 15.45s/50g, and compared with the powder obtained in the embodiment 1, the smaller the particle size of the powder is, the more the powder is easy to agglomerate, and the flowability of the powder is slightly poor.
TABLE 5 powder flowability measurement results
Figure BDA0002817539950000132
(6) Sample for manufacturing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 25 is a macro morphology photograph of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, wherein the thickness of the sample is 11 mm. As can be seen from the figure, the sample has good formability, smooth and bright surface and no defects such as slag, cracks and the like.
FIG. 26 is a scanned texture profile of a sample of a laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel form. As can be seen from the figure, the molded article sample had a dense structure and had no defects such as cracks and pores. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample structure mainly comprises columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals, the size of the crystal grains is small, the determination effect on improving the performance of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample is achieved, and the main structure comprises retained austenite and bainite.
(7) Sample phase analysis of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 27 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and it can be seen that the sample of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece is mainly composed of an alpha-Fe solid solution phase.
(8) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 28 is a microhardness curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and as can be seen from the figure, the fluctuation of a hardness curve in the same cladding area is small, so that the structure is uniform, no obvious defect exists, the average microhardness is 372HV, and the hardness is improved by 20-70 HV compared with that of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (300-350 HV).
(9) Tensile property of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing
Fig. 29 is a room temperature tensile curve of a sample of a laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel molded article, and it is understood from the graph that the tensile strength of the sample of the laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel molded article is 1096MPa, the yield strength is 814MPa, and the elongation is 13.5%. The tensile curve shows that the sample of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece manufactured by the laser additive has good obdurability matching performance. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the tensile strength (797-890 MPa) is improved by 200-300 MPa, the yield strength (340-704 MPa) is improved by 100-500 MPa, and the elongation (12.5-17.5%) is equivalent.
FIG. 30 is a tensile fracture morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and FIG. 30(a) is a fracture macroscopic morphology, and it can be seen that the fracture has obvious plastic deformation; FIG. 30(b) shows the microstructure of fracture, which shows that: a large number of dimples appear in the fracture, which are ductile fractures.
Example 4
The preparation of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample by laser remanufacturing is carried out by adopting the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder in the first step and the second step of the embodiment 3. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment 3 is adopted, and the laser remanufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5.5g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.4mm, and the interlayer cooling time is 3 min.
The following analytical tests were performed on the laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples prepared in this example:
(1) laser remanufacturing preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample
FIG. 31 is a macro morphology picture of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing, and the thickness of the sample is 3 mm. As can be seen from the figure, the sample has good formability, smooth and bright surface and no defects such as slag, cracks and the like.
FIG. 32 is a scanned texture profile of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample. As can be seen from the figure: compact structure and no defects such as pore cracks and the like. The structure of the steel mainly comprises martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
(2) Phase analysis of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 33 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating, and it can be seen from the pattern that the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating mainly comprises an alpha-Fe solid solution phase, a gamma-Fe solid solution phase andM7C3a type carbide.
(3) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 34 is a microhardness curve of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample, and as can be seen, the average microhardness of the coating part is 706 HV. The hardness of the alloy steel is improved by 350-400 HV compared with that of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (300-350 HV).
(4) Room-temperature tensile property of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 35 is a room temperature tensile curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample remanufactured by laser, wherein the tensile strength is 1007MPa, and is 100-200 MPa higher than that of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (797-890 MPa). The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples are brittle fractures as can be seen from the tensile curve. The tensile data show that the strength of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser remanufacturing is higher, and a foundation is laid for the good wear resistance of the alloy steel sample.
FIG. 36 shows the tensile fracture morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample manufactured by laser, and the tensile fracture morphology can be known from the graph: the fracture is flat, has no obvious plastic deformation, is crystalline and is brittle fracture.
(5) 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing and having friction, wear and corrosion properties
The wear rate of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing at room temperature is 6.49 multiplied by 10-6mm3V (N · m), has good wear resistance. Abrasion resistance ratio 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (1.26X 10)-5mm3/(N · m)) the abrasion resistance was improved by 2 times.
The potentiodynamic scanning polarization curve of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing is shown in figure 37, and the corrosion current density is 5.6 multiplied by 10-7A·cm-2The polarization voltage is-221.31 mV, and the corrosion resistance is good. Corrosion resistance and 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (corrosion current density of 2.37X 10)-7A·cm-2The corrosion voltage is-241 mV).
Example 5
Preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder: after a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel master alloy is smelted into molten steel by adopting a vacuum gas atomization induction smelting furnace, high-pressure argon is atomized into an alloy steel powder material, wherein the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace is 1650 ℃, and the air pressure during atomization is 12 MPa.
The preparation method of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared by adopting a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method is the same as the steps I and II described in the embodiment 1, wherein the laser additive manufacturing process parameters adopted in the embodiment are as follows: the laser power is 2200W, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 9.1g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.6mm, and the interlayer cooling time is 3 min.
The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing and the laser rapid deposition state sample prepared in this example were subjected to the following analysis and testing:
(1) chemical composition and oxygen content analysis:
the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment is measured, and the chemical components in percentage by mass are as follows: 0.294%, Cr: 14.95%, Mn: 1.16%, Si: 0.562%, Mo: 0.522%, V: 0.496%, Y: 0.539%, O: 0.035%, and the balance of Fe, and the result of chemical component measurement is qualified.
(2) Sphericity and surface morphology:
the surface and the microscopic morphology of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment are observed, and as shown in FIG. 38, the powder has good sphericity, uniform particle size distribution, smooth surface and less defects such as satellite balls, broken balls and the like. The elements on the surface of the powder are uniformly distributed as shown in fig. 39. Fine Y is precipitated on the powder surface2O3White particles (as shown in fig. 39 (i)).
(3) And (3) hollow sphere rate analysis:
FIG. 40 is a photograph showing the cross-sectional morphology of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder, as shown in FIG. 40 (a): a small amount of hollow spheres and satellite sphere powder exist in the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder, and the hollow sphere rate is not more than 1%. FIG. 40(b) shows the cross-section of the powder after etching, from which it can be seen that the powder has an equiaxed structure and a fine and uniform structure.
(4) Powder particle size distribution test:
the particle size distribution and the cumulative mass distribution of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in this example were measured with a laser particle size analyzer, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 41. As can be seen from the figure, the powder particle size distribution conforms to the normal distribution, and the requirements of most laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing technologies on the particle size of the alloy steel powder can be met.
(5) Testing apparent density and fluidity:
the measurement results of the apparent density of the spherical 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing prepared in the embodiment are shown in Table 6, the average value of the measurement results of 5 times is taken, and the apparent density of the powder is 4.62g/cm3. The flowability test results of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in this example are shown in Table 7, and the powder flowability is 15.26s/50g, taking the average of 5 measurements.
TABLE 6 measurement results of powder apparent Density
Figure BDA0002817539950000161
TABLE 7 powder flowability measurement results
Figure BDA0002817539950000162
(6) Sample for preparing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part through laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing
FIG. 42 is a macro morphology photograph of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed piece manufactured by laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, wherein the thickness of the sample is 11 mm. As is clear from the figure, the sample had good formability and had no defects such as slag and cracks on the surface.
(7) Sample structure morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part prepared by laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing
FIG. 43 is a scanned texture photograph of a sample of a laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel form. As can be seen from the figure, the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample has a compact structure and mainly consists of columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals. The main structure is bainite and residual austenite.
(8) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 44 is a microhardness distribution curve of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, and it can be seen from the figure that the average microhardness of a working layer of the sample reaches 423HV, and the hardness is improved by 70-120 HV compared with the hardness (300-350 HV) of 15Cr13MoY alloy steel.
(9) Tensile property of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part sample prepared by laser additive manufacturing
FIG. 45 is a room temperature tensile curve of a sample of laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed parts. The tensile strength is 1294MPa, the yield strength is 974MPa, and the elongation is 7%. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the tensile strength (797-890 MPa) is improved by 400-500 MPa, the yield strength (340-704 MPa) is improved by 300-600 MPa, and the elongation (12.5-17.5%) is reduced.
FIG. 46 shows fracture morphology of a sample of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel formed part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing. FIG. 46(a) is a macroscopic view of fractures, from which it can be seen that slight plastic deformation occurs in the fractures; FIG. 46(b) is a macroscopic view of a fracture, from which it can be seen that there are a large number of dimples within the fracture, which are distinct ductile fractures. The laser additive manufacturing 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece sample has good obdurability matching.
Example 6
The preparation of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating piece sample by laser additive manufacturing is carried out by adopting the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder in the first step and the second step of the example 5. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder prepared in the embodiment 5 is adopted, and the laser remanufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2200W, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 9.1g/min, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the lapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.6mm, and the interlayer cooling time is 3 min.
The following analytical tests were performed on the laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating samples prepared in this example:
(1) laser remanufacturing preparation of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample
FIG. 47 is a macro morphology picture of a coating sample formed by laser remanufacturing of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel, the coating thickness is 2.5mm, and the picture shows that the sample has good formability and no defects such as slag, cracks and the like on the surface.
(2) Texture morphology of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 48 is a photograph of a scanned structure of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample, the structure being composed of martensite, lower bainite and retained austenite. The hardness of martensite and bainite is high, and a good organization foundation and guarantee are laid for the wear resistance of the steel.
(3) Microhardness of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
Fig. 49 is a microhardness curve of a coating sample of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel remanufactured by laser, the average microhardness of the coating sample reaches 711HV, the structure contains more martensite, the hardness is higher, and the wear resistance is good, and the microhardness of the sample in the embodiment is higher than that of the sample in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 because the scanning speed is improved, the laser power is improved, and the content of the martensite in the coating is increased. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the hardness (300-350 HV) is improved by 360-400 HV.
(3) Tensile property of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing
FIG. 50 is a room temperature tensile curve of a sample of a laser remanufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating, and it can be seen that the tensile strength of the sample of the laser additive manufactured 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming part is 1131 MPa. Compared with 15Cr13MoY alloy steel, the tensile strength (797-890 MPa) is improved by 200-300 MPa.
FIG. 51 is fracture morphology of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample remanufactured by laser, and FIG. 51(a) is fracture macroscopic morphology, wherein the fracture is flat and has no obvious plastic deformation; FIG. 51(b) is a microstructure of a fracture, which is crystalline and typical of brittle fracture.
(4) 30Cr15MoY alloy steel coating sample prepared by laser remanufacturing and having friction, wear and corrosion properties
FIG. 52 shows the metallographic morphology of wear marks of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser remanufacturing after reciprocating wear, and the wear rate of the metallographic morphology is calculated to be 6.81X 10-6mm3V (N.m). The samples had a higher hardness than those of examples 2 and 4, so that they exhibitedBetter wear resistance. Abrasion resistance ratio 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (1.26X 10)-5mm3/(N · m)) the abrasion resistance was improved by 2 times.
FIG. 53 is an electrochemical polarization curve of a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample prepared by laser remanufacturing, and the corrosion current density of the sample is 1.93 multiplied by 10-7A·cm-2The etching voltage is-576.46 mV. Corrosion resistance and 15Cr13MoY alloy steel (corrosion current density of 2.37X 10)-7A·cm-2The corrosion voltage is-241 mV).

Claims (5)

1. 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.25 to 0.35%, Cr: 14.5 to 15.5%, Mn: 1.10-1.20%, Si: 0.5 to 0.6%, Mo: 0.45-0.55%, V: 0.45-0.55%, Y: 0.5-0.6%, N: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, H: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
2. The 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder is spherical, the sphericity is 99%, the hollow sphere rate is not more than 1%, the oxygen content of the powder is less than 0.05%, the particle size distribution is 1-180 μm, and the apparent density is 4.50-4.95 g/cm3The fluidity is 15 to 15.5s/50 g.
3. The use method of 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder for laser additive manufacturing or remanufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel powder is used as a powder feeding material, and is printed on a substrate through laser additive 3D to prepare a deposited 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material, wherein the laser additive 3D printing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2000-2200W, the scanning speed is 5-6 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5-9 g/min, the overlapping rate is 40%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.4-0.6 mm, the interlayer cooling time is 1-3 min, and inert gas is introduced for protection in the whole printing process.
4. The use method according to claim 3, wherein the deposited 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material is used as a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece material, the thickness of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel forming piece material is more than 10mm, the structure is mainly bainite, the microhardness is 350-450 HV, the tensile strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the yield strength is 820-980 MPa, and the elongation is 7-14%.
5. The use method according to claim 3, wherein the as-deposited 30Cr15MoY alloy steel sample material is used as a 30Cr15MoY alloy steel wear-resistant coating material, the thickness of the 30Cr15MoY alloy steel wear-resistant coating material is less than 3mm, the structure is mainly martensite, the microhardness is 650-750 HV, the tensile strength is 1000-1438 MPa, and the wear rate is 6 x 10-6～8×10-6mm3/(N.m), the corrosion current density was 1.93X 10-7～5.6×10-7A·cm-2The corrosion voltage is-221 to-576 mV.
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