CN116947572A - Water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The bacterial fertilizer is prepared from acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65-85%, acrylamide, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, water hyacinth straw biochar, a modifier, pine needles, animal manure, urea and a microbial agent. The invention takes water hyacinth straw biochar as a raw material, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1, carrying out hydrophilic modification on maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, carrying out hydrophilic modification, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the surface of modified biochar, activating a large number of active groups, grafting and crosslinking the active groups with acrylic acid and acrylamide under the action of an initiator and a crosslinking agent through free radical reaction to form a three-dimensional network polymer, loading a microbial agent on the polymer, and rapidly propagating by taking urea as a nutrient substance, thereby improving the salt alkalinity of saline-alkali soil and improving the yield and quality of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The saline-alkali soil mainly comprises secondary salinization and primary salinization, the saline-alkali soil area of China is widely distributed, and the saline-alkali soil is distributed in northeast plain, northwest arid and semiarid plain and eastern coastal areas of China, and the saline-alkali soil in Shandong province mainly comprises the yellow-Huai plain and coastal saline-alkali soil, so that a large amount of farmland cultivated land resources are seriously influenced.
Soil salinization can cause the soil to be highly discrete, expand when wet, harden when dry, have poor permeability, seriously affect the growth and development of crops, have too high salt ion content of sodium ions, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions and the like in the soil, can cause the change of cell osmotic pressure when being used as the matter to absorb too much sodium ions and chloride ions, and cause the water absorption difficulty of plant roots to lead to the dehydration, wilting and death of plants
At present, common treatment and improvement technical methods for saline-alkali soil in China comprise water repair and engineering improvement for soil arrangement, salt-tolerant microorganisms are selected for saline-alkali soil improvement, chemical agents are added for saline-alkali soil improvement, and different improvement technologies have different improvement effects on the saline-alkali soil, but have certain defects, large engineering quantity and high cost in engineering improvement measures; the improvement treatment period of the microorganism is long; the secondary pollution is easily caused by using chemical reagent to improve the saline-alkali soil.
The water hyacinth is one of the most invasive weeds in the world, the propagation speed is high in a water area, a series of serious harm is easily caused to the ecological environment, the local biodiversity is destroyed, sediment accumulation is caused, the system of a river channel organization is blocked, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are spent in China for removing the water from the water every year in order to control the adverse effect caused by the water hyacinth.
Patent CN104830345A discloses a new reclamation cracking alkaline earth modifier and an improvement method thereof, adopts laser land leveling and irrigation leaching to improve the saline-alkali soil, can effectively reduce the salt alkalinity and the pH value of the soil, but has huge engineering quantity and needs to use a large amount of water resources; patent CN110192454a discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which combines microbial agent with desalination agent to improve saline-alkali soil, wherein the salt content of the used desalination agent barium hydroxide and phosphogypsum is rapidly reduced in a chemical reaction precipitation mode, but the content of added barium hydroxide is not easy to control, excessive barium hydroxide can cause the rise of the pH value of the soil, and meanwhile, heavy metal barium is introduced into the soil to cause soil pollution; patent CN116144370a discloses a modifier for saline-alkali soil, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in improving saline-alkali soil, modified desulfurized gypsum, chitosan, acrylic acid and sodium lignin sulfonate are subjected to graft copolymerization to obtain polymer skeleton resin substances, so that the saline-alkali soil is improved, gypsum particle agglomeration is avoided, the stability of the modifier is improved, however, the maintenance effect of the modifier for saline-alkali soil is short after application. Therefore, the compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, which takes the water hyacinth straw as the raw material, has the advantages of water absorption and water retention, simple application, good saline-alkali soil improvement effect and long improvement effect maintenance time, and has important significance for the improvement and planting of the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and discloses a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein water hyacinth straw biochar is used as a raw material, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1, carrying out hydrophilic modification on maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, carrying out hydrophilic modification, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the surface of modified biochar, activating a large number of active groups, grafting and crosslinking the active groups with acrylic acid and acrylamide under the action of an initiator and a crosslinking agent through free radical reaction to form a three-dimensional network polymer, loading a microbial agent on the polymer, taking urea as a nutrient substance, simultaneously providing nitrogen fertilizer for crops, carrying out rapid propagation on the microbial agent, improving the salt alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, and improving the yield and quality of crops.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65-85%, 15-17 parts of acrylamide, 2-3 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 3-4 parts of ammonium persulfate, 50-80 parts of water hyacinth straw biochar, 13-15 parts of modifier, 25-30 parts of pine needle leaves, 15-20 parts of animal manure, 50-60 parts of urea and 8-10 parts of microbial agent.
Preferably, the alkaline reagent added to the acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65-85% is KOH.
More preferably, the KOH is a KOH solution with a mass fraction of 5-10%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the modifier is 1:1:1, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate.
Preferably, the microbial agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter and seafood bacillus.
More preferably, the preservation number of the klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC1.15628; the preservation number of the sulfide saliophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides is CGMCC1.6264; the preservation number of the salty seafood bacillus is CGMCC1.10175.
A preparation method of a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar:
cleaning living water hyacinth with clear water to remove surface impurities and sludge, ventilating and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, cutting into small sections of 3-5cm, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, introducing nitrogen to empty air, and controlling the flow rate of the nitrogen to be 120cm 3 Heating at 600 ℃ for 5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar;
(2) And (3) preparing a microbial agent:
culturing klebsiella oxytoca, halophila rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus respectively in a liquid seed culture medium at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 48 hours, inoculating 15% of the strain into an LB culture medium, and culturing under shaking at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ until the strain concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5 according to 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a mass ratio, and freeze-drying the materials into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;
(3) Fermenting folium Pini fine powder:
air drying folium Pini and animal feces for 6-8 hr, pulverizing into 1-2mm fine powder, spreading a layer of 1cm pulverized animal feces fine powder at the bottom of fermentation tank, placing folium Pini fine powder in fermentation tank, adding the rest animal feces fine powder into fermentation tank, stirring, mixing, adding appropriate amount of clear water to thoroughly wet the substrate, adding microbial agent prepared in step (2) into fermentation tank, stirring, air culturing for 3 days, adding appropriate amount of clear water to wet the fermentation substrate again, compacting the fermentation substrate, sealing with plastic film, pressing soil, fermenting and culturing for 15 days, and naturally drying the fermented product until water content is less than or equal to 3%, to obtain fermented folium Pini fine powder;
(4) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer:
crushing, grinding and sieving the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (1) by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed water hyacinth straw biochar into a reaction kettle, adding 2-3 times of distilled water, performing 300W ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly distribute the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar in the distilled water, and introducing nitrogen for protection, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 80cm 3 Heating at constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 5 hours, sequentially adding acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thereby obtaining the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer;
(5) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw charcoal grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer loaded microbial agent:
sequentially grafting the modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (4) with acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, stirring and mixing the fermented pine needle fine powder prepared in the step (3) with urea uniformly, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, and granulating into 3-5cm particles by a granulator to obtain the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
Mass ratio 1:1:1, carrying out hydrophilic modification on water hyacinth straw biochar by a heating and melting grafting method, wherein the hydrophilic water retention of the biochar is improved most obviously, the grafting success rate of the maleic anhydride and the potassium humate is obviously increased after the N-vinylpyrrolidone, the formation of molecular chain crystallization is promoted, and the mass ratio is 1:1, maleic anhydride and potassium humate promote each other in the grafting process, so that the grafting stability is improved, and at the same time, potassium humate also provides potassium element, and the potassium humate belongs to a rich nutrition fertilizer, is not only favorable for crop absorption, but also has the effects of improving soil, improving crop stress resistance and improving crop quality.
After hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar is subjected to ultrasonic treatment, the water absorption rate is improved, mildew is avoided, the selected water hyacinth straw biochar is rich in carbon content, and can not disappear even if being buried in the ground for hundreds of years, the soil structure can be continuously improved, the soil fertility is improved, and mineral elements are provided for the soil.
The activated hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar active group is abstracted by hydrogen on the surface of hydroxyl under the action of an initiator ammonium persulfate, the primary free radical is initiated to react with monomers of propionic acid and ammonium acrylate, a water absorption chain grows, a three-dimensional graft copolymer is formed under the action of a cross-linking agent, the structure is more stable, a large number of amino groups, carboxyl groups and amide groups are contained, the water absorption and expansion can be rapidly carried out to thousands of hundred times of the self weight, the water retention capacity is high, and the pH value of saline-alkali soil is reduced.
Mass ratio 1:1:1, producing acid-producing klebsiella, producing sulfide halophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides, loading salty seafood bacillus to hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, and producing acid-producing klebsiella to produce secretory mucus similar to snail, so that the water and fertilizer retention property of soil is improved; the sulfide-producing halophiles rhodobacter sphaeroides and the salty seafood bacillus enrich sodium chloride ions and bicarbonate ions in the soil in the metabolic process, so that the salt alkalinity of the soil is effectively reduced, and the micro-aggregate composition of the soil is improved; mass ratio 1:1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide-producing halophilic rhodobacter salvinis, salty seafood bacillus mutually synergistically play roles, accelerate soil curing, improve soil aggregate structure, improve crop stress resistance, improve saline-alkali soil alkalinity, activate soil biodiversity and improve crop quality and yield.
After pine needles and animal manure are combined and fermented, the pine needles and animal manure are strong-acid, so that the pH of saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, microbial agents and pine needles are fermented and cultured together, urea is added to provide nutrients, and simultaneously nitrogen elements required by plants are provided, and the prepared saline-alkali soil is combined and granulated together, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer is applied to fields, so that the microbial agents can be rapidly proliferated, the microbial flora of the soil is rapidly awakened, the salt alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the pH is reduced.
Advantageous effects
The invention takes water hyacinth straw biochar as a raw material, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1, carrying out hydrophilic modification on maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, grafting and crosslinking active groups, acrylic acid and acrylamide together under the action of an initiator and a crosslinking agent through free radical reaction to form a three-dimensional network polymer, loading a microbial agent on the polymer, taking urea as a nutrient substance, simultaneously providing nitrogen fertilizer for crops, rapidly propagating the microbial agent, and improving the salt alkalinity of saline-alkali soil. Compared with the prior art, the mass ratio is 1:1:1, maleic anhydride, potassium humate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone, wherein after the straw biochar is subjected to hydrophilic modification by a heating and melting grafting method, the straw biochar is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and then is subjected to graft cross-linking polymerization with acrylic acid and acrylamide more easily, and the mass ratio of hydrophilic polymer to acrylamide is 1:1:1, klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide-producing halophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus are cooperated with each other to perform synergistic action, so that the hydrophilic water-retaining property of bacterial manure is obviously improved, and the effect of reducing the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is optimal; the water hyacinth straw is selected as a raw material, so that the waste is utilized and the environment is protected; the prepared water hyacinth straw biochar has high carbon content, can not disappear even if being buried in the ground for hundreds of years, can continuously improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility and provide mineral elements for the soil; the mass ratio is 1:1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide-producing halophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus act synergistically, the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is most obvious, the improvement effect can be maintained for 3-5 years, and the quality and yield of crops are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65%, 15 parts of acrylamide, 2 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 3 parts of ammonium persulfate, 50 parts of water hyacinth straw biochar, 13 parts of a modifier, 25 parts of pine needles, 15 parts of sheep manure, 50 parts of urea and 8 parts of a microbial agent.
The alkaline reagent added into the acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65% is KOH.
The KOH is a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 5%.
The mass ratio of the modifier is 1:1:1, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate.
The microbial agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter and seafood bacillus.
The preservation number of the klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC1.15628; the preservation number of the sulfide saliophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides is CGMCC1.6264; the preservation number of the salty seafood bacillus is CGMCC1.10175.
A preparation method of a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar:
cleaning living water hyacinth with clear water to remove surface impurities and sludge, ventilating and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, cutting into small sections of 3cm, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, introducing nitrogen to empty air, and controlling the flow rate of the nitrogen to be 120cm 3 Heating at 600deg.C for 5h, cooling to room temperature,obtaining hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar;
(2) And (3) preparing a microbial agent:
culturing klebsiella oxytoca, halophila rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus respectively in a liquid seed culture medium at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 48 hours, inoculating 15% of the strain into an LB culture medium, and culturing under shaking at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ until the strain concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5 according to 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a mass ratio, and freeze-drying the materials into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;
(3) Fermenting folium Pini fine powder:
respectively ventilating and drying pine needles and nutrients for 6 hours, respectively crushing the pine needles and the nutrients into fine powder of 1mm, paving a layer of crushed sheep manure fine powder of 1cm at the bottom of a fermentation tank, placing the pine needles fine powder into the fermentation tank, adding the rest sheep manure fine powder into the fermentation tank, stirring and mixing the mixture uniformly, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable substrates to be fully soaked, adding the microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2) into the fermentation tank, stirring the mixture uniformly, ventilating and culturing the mixture for 3 days, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable the fermentation substrates to be wet again, compacting the fermentation substrates, sealing the fermentation substrates by using plastic films, sealing the fermentation substrates by using soil, fermenting and culturing the fermentation substrates for 15 days, and naturally drying the fermentation substrates until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thus obtaining the fermented pine needle fine powder;
(4) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer:
crushing, grinding and sieving the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (1) by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed and ground water hyacinth straw biochar into a reaction kettle, adding 2 times of distilled water, performing 300W ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly distribute the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar in the distilled water, and introducing nitrogen for protection, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 80cm 3 Heating at constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 5 hours, sequentially adding acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thereby obtaining the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer;
(5) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw charcoal grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer loaded microbial agent:
sequentially grafting the modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (4) with acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, stirring and mixing the fermented pine needle fine powder prepared in the step (3) with urea uniformly, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, and granulating into 3-5cm particles by a granulator to obtain the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
Example 2
The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 75%, 16 parts of acrylamide, 3 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 4 parts of ammonium persulfate, 65 parts of water hyacinth straw biochar, 14 parts of a modifier, 28 parts of pine needles, 18 parts of sheep manure, 55 parts of urea and 9 parts of a microbial agent.
The alkaline reagent added into the acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 75% is KOH.
The KOH is a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 8%.
The mass ratio of the modifier is 1:1:1, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate.
The microbial agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter and seafood bacillus.
The preservation number of the klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC1.15628; the preservation number of the sulfide saliophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides is CGMCC1.6264; the preservation number of the salty seafood bacillus is CGMCC1.10175.
A preparation method of a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar:
cleaning living water hyacinth with clear water to remove surface impurities and sludge, ventilating and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, shearing into small sections of 4cm, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, introducing nitrogen to empty air, and controlling the flow rate of the nitrogen to be 120cm 3 Heating at 600 ℃ for 5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar;
(2) And (3) preparing a microbial agent:
culturing klebsiella oxytoca, halophila rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus respectively in a liquid seed culture medium at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 48 hours, inoculating 15% of the strain into an LB culture medium, and culturing under shaking at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ until the strain concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5 according to 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a mass ratio, and freeze-drying the materials into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;
(3) Fermenting folium Pini fine powder:
respectively ventilating and drying pine needles and nutrients for 7 hours, respectively crushing the pine needles and the nutrients into 2mm fine powder, paving a layer of 1cm crushed sheep manure fine powder at the bottom of a fermentation tank, placing the pine needles fine powder into the fermentation tank, adding the rest sheep manure fine powder into the fermentation tank, stirring and mixing the materials uniformly, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable substrates to be fully soaked, adding the microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2) into the fermentation tank, stirring the materials uniformly, ventilating and culturing the materials for 3 days, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable the fermentation substrates to be wet again, compacting the fermentation substrates, sealing the fermentation substrates by using plastic films, sealing the fermentation substrates by using soil, fermenting and culturing the fermentation substrates for 15 days, and naturally drying the fermentation products until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thus obtaining the fermented pine needle fine powder;
(4) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer:
crushing, grinding and sieving the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (1) by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed and ground water hyacinth straw biochar into a reaction kettle, adding 3 times of distilled water, performing 300W ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly distribute the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar in the distilled water, and introducing nitrogen for protection, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 80cm 3 Heating at constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 5 hours, sequentially adding acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thereby obtaining the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer;
(5) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw charcoal grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer loaded microbial agent:
sequentially grafting the modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (4) with acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, stirring and mixing the fermented pine needle fine powder prepared in the step (3) with urea uniformly, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, and granulating into 3-5cm particles by a granulator to obtain the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
Example 3
The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 85%, 17 parts of acrylamide, 3 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 4 parts of ammonium persulfate, 80 parts of water hyacinth straw biochar, 15 parts of a modifier, 30 parts of pine needles, 20 parts of sheep manure, 60 parts of urea and 10 parts of a microbial agent.
The alkaline reagent added into the acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 85% is KOH.
The KOH is a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 10%.
The mass ratio of the modifier is 1:1:1, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate.
The microbial agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter and seafood bacillus.
The preservation number of the klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC1.15628; the preservation number of the sulfide saliophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides is CGMCC1.6264; the preservation number of the salty seafood bacillus is CGMCC1.10175.
A preparation method of a water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar:
cleaning living water hyacinth with clear water to remove surface impurities and sludge, ventilating and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, shearing into small sections of 5cm, adding into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate, introducing nitrogen to empty air, and controlling the flow rate of the nitrogen to be 120cm 3 Heating at 600 ℃ for 5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar;
(2) And (3) preparing a microbial agent:
culturing klebsiella oxytoca, halophila rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus respectively in a liquid seed culture medium at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 48 hours, inoculating 15% of the strain into an LB culture medium, and culturing under shaking at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ until the strain concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5 according to 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a mass ratio, and freeze-drying the materials into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;
(3) Fermenting folium Pini fine powder:
respectively ventilating and drying pine needles and nutrients for 8 hours, respectively crushing the pine needles and the nutrients into 2mm fine powder, paving a layer of 1cm crushed sheep manure fine powder at the bottom of a fermentation tank, placing the pine needles fine powder into the fermentation tank, adding the rest sheep manure fine powder into the fermentation tank, stirring and mixing the materials uniformly, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable substrates to be fully soaked, adding the microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2) into the fermentation tank, stirring the materials uniformly, ventilating and culturing the materials for 3 days, adding a proper amount of clear water to enable the fermentation substrates to be wet again, compacting the fermentation substrates, sealing the fermentation substrates by using plastic films, sealing the fermentation substrates by using soil, fermenting and culturing the fermentation substrates for 15 days, and naturally drying the fermentation products until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thus obtaining the fermented pine needle fine powder;
(4) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer:
crushing, grinding and sieving the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (1) by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed and ground water hyacinth straw biochar into a reaction kettle, adding 3 times of distilled water, performing 300W ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly distribute the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar in the distilled water, and introducing nitrogen for protection, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 80cm 3 Heating at constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 5 hours, sequentially adding acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, thereby obtaining the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer;
(5) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw charcoal grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer loaded microbial agent:
sequentially grafting the modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (4) with acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, stirring and mixing the fermented pine needle fine powder prepared in the step (3) with urea uniformly, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, and granulating into 3-5cm particles by a granulator to obtain the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
Comparative examples 1 to 12
The composition and the proportion of the modifier maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate were changed, and the other raw materials and the method were exactly the same as those of example 1, to obtain comparative examples 1 to 12.
The composition and proportion of the modifier are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 composition and ratio (mass ratio) of modifiers
Comparative example 13
In the comparative example, only in the preparation process of the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer in the step (4), the ultrasonic treatment operation is absent, and the rest raw materials and methods are completely the same as those in the example 1, so as to obtain the comparative example 13.
Comparative examples 14 to 25
The composition and the proportion of the microbial agent are changed, and the rest operations are exactly the same as those of the example 1, namely, in the preparation method of the microbial agent: culturing Klebsiella oxytoca, halophila and salty seafood bacillus respectively in liquid seed culture medium at 30deg.C, 37deg.C and 25deg.C for 48 hr, inoculating 15% of the inoculum size into LB culture medium, shake culturing at 30deg.C, 37deg.C and 25deg.C until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5, mixing uniformly according to different mass ratios, and lyophilizing to obtain lyophilized powder to obtain corresponding comparative examples 14-25.
The microorganism composition and ratio are shown in Table 2:
table 2 microorganism composition and ratio Table (mass ratio)
Detection experiment:
50g of the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-25 is respectively taken for water-absorbing and water-retaining property detection, and the specific detection method is as follows:
and (3) detecting the water absorption of the compound bacterial fertilizer: soaking 50g of saline-alkali soil in 0.5% NaCl solution and distilled water for 12 hr to expand fully, filtering with plastic nylon net to avoid water drop, and calculating the weight difference of 1g before and after expanding;
and (3) detecting the water retention of the compound bacterial fertilizer: 50g of microbial fertilizer fully imbibed in 0.5% NaCl solution is placed in the open air at 35 ℃ to evaporate, and the time required for the microbial fertilizer moisture to be respectively 50%,20% and 5% is counted.
The water absorption and retention test table is shown in table 3:
table 3 water absorption and retention performance test meter
According to the water absorption and retention experimental detection data, the water absorption and retention microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is prepared by comparing 584g of distilled water absorbed per g, 384.5g of 0.5% NaCl saline absorbed per g, 18 days of 50% 0.5% NaCl saline evaporated, 24 days of 80% 0.5% NaCl saline evaporated and 34 days of 95% 0.5% NaCl saline with comparative examples 1-25, the water absorption and retention rates are obviously improved, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1, the mass ratio of the modifier of maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate is 1:1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca and sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter with combined action of seafood bacillus are respectively the best composition mass ratio for improving water absorption and water retention of the microorganism compound bacterial fertilizer.
58 mu of farmland with serious soil salinization is screened out as a test field in Lijin county of coastal areas of Shandong province, the average pH value of the soil is 8.75, the salt content of the surface layer of the soil is 0.8 percent, the test field is used for planting corn (corn seeds are purchased from ton grains 608 produced by Ming's Yangjingkou, gansu province), the test field of 58 mu is evenly divided into 29 parts, the saline-alkali lands prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-25 are respectively applied to the soil surface 3 days before sowing, 60Kg of the saline-alkali lands are applied per mu, rotary tillage is carried out by a rotary cultivator, the depth is 40cm, the microbial fertilizers are fully mixed with the soil, the saline-alkali lands are not added with the water-absorbent and water-retaining microbial fertilizers as blank control, sowing is started after 2 days, 5 months and 7 days after the line spacing is 60cm, monoammonium phosphate is applied (purchased from chemical industry limited company in North Hubei province, N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O:12-60-0, total nutrient not less than 72) 30 Kg/mu; potassium sulfate (purchased from Tangshan Sanfu Potassium fertilizer Co., ltd., K) 2 O is more than or equal to 52%, cl is less than or equal to 1.5%, S is more than or equal to 17%) 15 Kg/mu, the corn is cultivated by the conventional planting technology, seedlings begin to emerge after 5 months and 25 days, and corn harvesting is carried out after 8 months and 30 days. And (3) randomly sampling and detecting 29 test fields, wherein 5 soil layers of 40cm are collected in each test field, and the pH, total salt content, porosity, microorganism content and water content of the soil after seed emergence are respectively detected.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
pH: measuring by a pH meter (Metreler F2-Standard precise portable pH meter);
salt content: detecting by adopting a residue drying-quality method;
porosity: measuring the volume weight by adopting a ring cutting method, and calculating the total porosity of the soil by combining the measurement of the saturated water content of the soil and the field water holding capacity;
microbial mass: measuring by fumigation extraction-volume analysis method;
soil moisture content: soil moisture content (SWC) was measured by a 105 ℃ drying method, and soil moisture content (%) = (fresh soil mass-dry soil mass)/dry soil mass×100.
The specific detection results are shown in table 4:
table 4 soil test results analysis table
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According to the statistical data, compared with a blank control group, the average pH value is reduced by 1.4 after the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the embodiments 1-3 is applied for 20 days, the salt content of each Kg of soil is reduced by 4.66g, the porosity is increased by 20.6%, the water content of the soil is increased by 16%, the pH value and the salt alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced, the water-absorbing and water-retaining properties of the soil are improved, and the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil after application is obviously better than that of the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the comparative embodiments 1-25, and the mass ratio of the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is 1:1:1, the mass ratio of the modifier of maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate is 1:1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca and sulfide-producing halophilic rhodobacter sal, wherein the combined effect of the salty seafood bacillus is to reduce the pH of saline-alkali soil, reduce the salt content of soil, improve the soil structure, improve the porosity, wake up the soil microbial flora and improve the best composition mass ratio of soil water absorption and water retention.
To further verify fertilizer efficiency, field experiments were performed:
field experiments
The experimental field of 58 mu with serious salinization of soil is screened out from the experimental field of Lijin county in coastal city of Shandong province, and is divided into 29 parts, each part is 2 mu, corn is planted, the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial manure is used for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example 1-25 of the invention except each part of planting soil test Tian Shijia, other operations are all the same, the operation is the operation of conventional corn planting field, after harvesting corn in 8 months and 30 days, the withered death number of the plant seedling of the corn harvested in each part of experimental field, the plumpness of corn particles and the yield of corn mu are counted, and specific statistical results are shown in table 5:
table 5 corn harvest conditions
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According to field experimental statistical data, the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, which is prepared by the embodiment 1-3, is applied, the average withered and dead number of corn seedlings in each test field is 7, the thousand grain weight of corn grains is 439g, the per mu yield of corn is 785Kg, and compared with the comparative embodiment 1-25, the corn grain plumpness, the withered and dead number of seedlings and the per mu yield are superior to those of corn harvest in the test field, which is applied with the microbial compound bacterial fertilizer prepared by the comparative embodiment 1-25; the corn harvesting condition of the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is compared with that of a blank control group, the thousand grain weight of corn grains is improved by 88%, and the per mu yield of corn is improved by 68%, so that the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared in the embodiment 1-3 can effectively improve the planting benefit of the saline-alkali soil, improve the grain plumpness of corn, reduce the withered death number of seedlings and improve the per mu yield.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the preferred mode of carrying out the invention. It is evident that all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, based on the above-described embodiments of the invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65-85%, 15-17 parts of acrylamide, 2-3 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 3-4 parts of ammonium persulfate, 50-80 parts of water hyacinth straw biochar, 13-15 parts of modifier, 25-30 parts of pine needle leaves, 15-20 parts of animal manure, 50-60 parts of urea and 8-10 parts of microbial agent.
2. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline reagent added into the acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 65-85% is KOH.
3. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the KOH is a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%.
4. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the modifier is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate.
5. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that the microbial agent is prepared by the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1 Klebsiella oxytoca, sulfide saline-alkali rhodobacter and seafood bacillus.
6. The water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the preservation number of the klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC1.15628; the preservation number of the sulfide saliophilic rhodobacter sphaeroides is CGMCC1.6264; the preservation number of the salty seafood bacillus is CGMCC1.10175.
7. A method for preparing the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar:
removing surface impurities and sludge from the water hyacinth straw, and ventilating and drying to obtain the water hyacinth strawCutting into 3-5cm segments with water content less than or equal to 10%, adding maleic anhydride, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and potassium humate into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to empty air, and controlling the flow rate of nitrogen to 120cm 3 Heating at 600 ℃ for 5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar;
(2) And (3) preparing a microbial agent:
culturing klebsiella oxytoca, halophila rhodobacter sphaeroides and salty seafood bacillus respectively in a liquid seed culture medium at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 48 hours, inoculating 15% of the strain into an LB culture medium, and culturing under shaking at 30 ℃, 37 ℃ and 25 ℃ until the strain concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.5 according to 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a mass ratio, and freeze-drying the materials into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;
(3) Fermenting folium Pini fine powder:
air drying folium Pini and animal feces for 6-8 hr, pulverizing into 1-2mm fine powder, spreading a layer of 1cm thick pulverized animal feces fine powder at the bottom of fermentation tank, placing folium Pini fine powder into fermentation tank, adding the rest animal feces fine powder into fermentation tank, stirring, mixing, adding appropriate amount of clear water to thoroughly wet the substrate, adding microbial agent prepared in step (2) into fermentation tank, stirring, air culturing for 3 days, adding appropriate amount of clear water to wet the fermentation substrate again, compacting the fermentation substrate, sealing with plastic film, pressing soil, fermenting and culturing for 15 days, and naturally drying the fermented product until water content is less than or equal to 3%, to obtain fermented folium Pini fine powder;
(4) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer:
crushing, grinding and sieving the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (1) by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed water hyacinth straw biochar into a reaction kettle, adding 2-3 times of distilled water, performing 300W ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly distribute the hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw biochar in the distilled water, and introducing nitrogen for protection, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 80cm 3 Heating at 50deg.C for 5 hr, sequentially adding acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and oven drying at 85deg.C until water content is less than or equal to 3%, to obtain hydrophilic modificationGrafting acrylic acid and acrylamide polymers with water hyacinth straw biochar;
(5) Hydrophilic modified water hyacinth straw charcoal grafted acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer loaded microbial agent:
sequentially grafting the modified water hyacinth straw biochar prepared in the step (4) with acrylic acid and acrylamide polymer, stirring and mixing the fermented pine needle fine powder prepared in the step (3) with urea uniformly, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 3%, and granulating into 3-5cm particles by a granulator to obtain the water-absorbing and water-retaining microbial compound bacterial fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
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