CN116945376A - Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter - Google Patents

Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116945376A
CN116945376A CN202311087630.2A CN202311087630A CN116945376A CN 116945376 A CN116945376 A CN 116945376A CN 202311087630 A CN202311087630 A CN 202311087630A CN 116945376 A CN116945376 A CN 116945376A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
laser
face
repairing
cutter
processing
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Pending
Application number
CN202311087630.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
熊玉朋
黄铖
欧洋
戴一帆
彭小强
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National University of Defense Technology
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National University of Defense Technology
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Application filed by National University of Defense Technology filed Critical National University of Defense Technology
Priority to CN202311087630.2A priority Critical patent/CN116945376A/en
Publication of CN116945376A publication Critical patent/CN116945376A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/16—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by turning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D7/00—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter, which comprises a cutter body, a cutter body and a cutter body, wherein the cutter body is used for cutting a workpiece; the processing laser component is used for heating a region to be processed of the workpiece; and repairing the laser component, wherein the repairing laser component is used for heating the knife grain crest of the surface of the workpiece. The double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter disclosed by the application can realize laser auxiliary cutting machining, reduce cutter body abrasion while realizing ultra-precise machining of hard and brittle materials, and repair cutter marks left on the machining surface in the laser cutting process in real time. Specifically: the repairing laser irradiates the crest of the knife grain on the surface of the workpiece, and the crest of the knife grain melts under the irradiation of high temperature and flows to the trough under the action of surface tension, so that the integral roughness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, and the polishing repairing effect is realized.

Description

Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ultra-precision machining and laser auxiliary machining, in particular to a double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter.
Background
The high-performance extremely difficult-to-process material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, optical detection and the like, such as monocrystalline silicon, quartz glass, ceramic and the like. Because the materials have the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, easy brittleness and the like, when the single-point diamond cutting processing mode is adopted, the problems of serious cutter abrasion, poor surface processing quality and the like exist, and the application of the materials in various fields is seriously restricted.
In order to solve the above-described problems, in recent years, various external field-assisted machining methods have been introduced into cutting processes, wherein the laser-assisted turning method enables ultra-precise machining of hard brittle materials while reducing tool wear, since the region to be machined can be locally heated. However, single point diamond leaves striae on the surface to be processed during processing, and these striae cause scattering of specular light, which seriously affects the optical performance of the system.
Therefore, how to ensure the surface type precision of the surface of the extremely difficult-to-process material while delaying the abrasion of the cutter becomes a problem which needs to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing the double-laser auxiliary processing and repairing integrated tool which can realize ultra-precise processing of the laser hard and brittle material, reduce tool wear and repair tool marks left on the surface of a workpiece in the turning process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a double-laser auxiliary processing and repairing integrated tool comprises
The cutter body is used for cutting the workpiece;
the processing laser component is used for heating a region to be processed of the workpiece;
and repairing the laser component, wherein the repairing laser component is used for heating the knife grain crest of the surface of the workpiece.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the optical paths of the two laser beams generated by the processing laser component and the repairing laser component pass through the cutter body.
The cutter body comprises a front cutter face, a rear cutter face, an upper end face, a lower end face, a rear upper end face and a rear lower end face, and a processing laser beam generated by the processing laser component enters from the rear upper end face and exits from the front cutter face or a cutter point position; and the generated repairing laser beam of the repairing laser component enters from the rear lower end face and exits from the rear cutter face.
The angle of the front cutter face is a negative front angle, and the front cutter face is suitable for processing brittle materials.
Because the rake face of the cutter body 1 is a negative rake angle, in order to avoid total reflection of the processing laser beam on the rake face, the processing laser beam cannot exit from the rake face, a certain inclination angle is set for the rear upper end face, and the incidence angle of the processing laser beam reaching the rake face is as follows:
α3＝α2+α4-α0；
and, according to the triangular relationship, it is possible to: α0=α1;
from the law of refraction:
wherein α0 is an incident angle of the processing laser beam on the rear upper end face, α1 is an included angle between the rear upper end face and the vertical direction, α2 is an refraction angle of the processing laser beam on the rear upper end face, α3 is an incident angle of the processing laser beam on the rake face, α4 is an included angle between the rake face and the vertical direction, n0 is a refractive index of air to the processing laser beam, and n1 is a refractive index of the cutter body to the processing laser beam.
Further, in order to bring the processing laser beam as close as possible to the processing region after exiting from the front face, the angle at which the processing laser beam is incident to the rear upper end face may be adjusted.
The cutter body is a single crystal diamond cutter, the rake angle of the cutter body is negative and the value is larger than 25 degrees, the relief angle of the cutter body is-10 degrees, and the processing laser is continuous or high-repetition frequency laser.
The repair laser is a continuous or high repetition frequency laser.
The processing laser assembly includes:
the processing laser generator is used for generating continuous or high-frequency laser, the light emitted by the processing laser generator is coaxial with the light emitted by the processing laser generator, and the light emitted by the processing laser generator is in a visible light wave band;
the processing laser shaping part comprises a laser collimating lens and a laser focusing lens, and the processing laser generator and the guiding light generator are connected with the processing laser shaping part through optical fibers.
The repair laser assembly includes:
a repair laser generator for generating continuous or high-repetition frequency laser;
the repairing laser shaping part comprises a laser collimating lens and a diffraction optical element, and the repairing laser generator is connected with the repairing laser shaping part through an optical fiber.
The distance between the incident light of the repairing laser component and the center of the cutter body cutting edge is as follows:
D＝d+f/2；
whereas d=f/V;
wherein d is the spacing of the tool marks on the surface of the workpiece, F is the feeding speed, V is the main shaft rotating speed, and F is the feeding amount.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:
1) The application adopts the double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter, and comprises a machining laser component and a repairing laser component, so that on one hand, the laser auxiliary cutting machining can be realized, the ultra-precise machining of the hard and brittle material is realized, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter body is reduced, and on the other hand, the cutter mark left on the machining surface in the cutting process can be repaired in real time through laser. Specifically: the repairing laser irradiates the crest of the knife grain on the surface of the workpiece, and the crest of the knife grain melts under the irradiation of high temperature and flows to the trough under the action of surface tension, so that the integral roughness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, and the polishing repairing effect is realized. The cutter grain generated by cutting is polished and repaired in real time in the machining process, so that the integral machining time can be shortened, and the surface quality of a workpiece can be improved.
2) The optical paths of the two laser beams of the processing and repairing device pass through the cutter body, so that the optical paths are not influenced by external environment.
3) According to the application, the angle of the rear upper end face of the cutter body is limited, so that two laser beams for processing and repairing cannot be refracted or reflected to the cutter base, the cutter base is prevented from being heated by laser, and the quality of the surface shape of a processed workpiece due to the thermal expansion of the cutter can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cutter body in the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the optical path of the processing laser of the present application through the cutter body.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the correspondence between α3 and α1 in the present application.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote: 1. a cutter body; 11. a rake face; 12. a rear cutter surface; 13. an upper end surface; 14. a lower end surface; 15. a rear upper end surface; 16. a rear lower end surface; 2. processing the laser component; 21. a processing laser generator and a guiding light generator; 22. machining a laser shaping part; 3. repairing the laser component; 31. repairing the laser generator; 32. repairing the laser shaping part; 4. a workpiece; 5. an optical fiber.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples of the specification.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment discloses a dual-laser-assisted machining and repairing integrated tool for monocrystalline silicon material, which comprises a tool body 1, a machining laser generator, a guiding light generator 21 and a repairing laser generator 31, wherein the machining laser generator can generate continuous or high-frequency laser with a wavelength of 1064nm, and the repairing laser generator 31 can generate continuous or high-frequency laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. Of course in other embodiments, as the material of the workpiece 4 changes, the corresponding wavelength needs to be selected.
The laser beam propagates through the optical fiber 5 to the laser shaping section, where the processing laser shaping 22 section includes a laser collimating lens and a laser focusing mirror, which shape the outgoing processing laser into a beam of desired intensity and shape distribution. By designing the curvature and spacing of the laser shaping portion lenses, a beam of laser light can be processed to achieve a gaussian energy distribution spot of several tens to hundreds of microns in size. The repair laser shaping section 32, including the laser collimating lens and the diffractive optical element, can shape the outgoing repair laser into a beam of a desired intensity distribution and shape distribution.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the tool body 1 includes a rake face 11, a flank face 12, an upper end face 13, a lower end face 14, a rear upper end face 15, and a rear lower end face 16, and a machining laser beam enters from the rear upper end face 15, passes through the inside of the tool body 1, and is emitted to the surface of the machined workpiece 4 through the rake face 11.
In this embodiment, the processing tool is a cylindrical single crystal diamond tool with a rake face 11 having an inclination angle of-45 °, a relief face 12 having an inclination angle of-10 °, a refractive index of the diamond material body 1 for laser light with a wavelength of 1064nm of 2.392, and when air is outside the interface of the diamond material body 1, the total reflection angle at this time is:
the included angle between the rear upper end face 15 and the vertical direction is α1, and the refraction angle α2 after the processing laser beam enters the cutter body 1 through the rear upper end face 15 is:
the incident angle α3 when the machining laser beam propagates to the rake face is:
α3＝α2-45+α1
fig. 4 shows the relationship between α3 and α1, and in order to prevent total reflection of the machining laser beam at the rake face 11, α1 should be greater than 34 °.
The repairing laser beam enters through the rear lower end face 16, passes through the inside of the cutter body 1 and is emitted to the surface of the processed workpiece 4 at the rear cutter face 12.
After the repairing laser beam is shaped by the diffraction optical element, the light intensity distribution of the beam is regulated and controlled to be consistent with the shape distribution of the cutter grain, and the incidence position of the repairing laser beam is regulated by calculating the position of the peak of the cutter grain.
The spacing d of the cutter lines is as follows:
wherein F is the feeding speed, and V is the spindle rotation speed.
The distance D between the laser incidence light and the center of the cutting edge is as follows:
wherein f is the feed.
Through the arrangement, the incidence position of the repairing laser beam can deviate from the distance D, so that the repairing laser beam just irradiates the knife grain crest on the surface of the workpiece 4, and the knife grain crest melts under the irradiation of high temperature and flows to the trough under the action of surface tension, thereby reducing the integral roughness of the surface of the workpiece 4 and playing the role of polishing and repairing.
While the application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art, or equivalent embodiments with equivalent variations can be made, without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated tool is characterized in that: comprising
The cutter body (1) is used for cutting a workpiece (4);
the processing laser assembly (2) is used for heating a region to be processed of the workpiece (4);
and the repairing laser component (3) is used for heating the knife-grain crest of the surface of the workpiece (4).
2. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 1, wherein: the optical paths of the two laser beams generated by the processing laser component (2) and the repairing laser component (3) pass through the cutter body (1).
3. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 2, wherein: the cutter body (1) comprises a front cutter face (11), a rear cutter face (12), an upper end face (13), a lower end face (14), a rear upper end face (15) and a rear lower end face (16), and a processing laser beam generated by the processing laser assembly (2) enters from the rear upper end face (15) and exits from the front cutter face (11) or a cutter point position; a generated repair laser beam of the repair laser assembly (3) enters from the rear lower end face (16) and exits from the relief face (12).
4. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 3, wherein: the rake face (11) has a negative rake angle.
5. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 4, wherein: the incidence angle of the machining laser beam to the rake face (11) is:
α3＝α2+α4-α0；
whereas α0=α1;
wherein α0 is the incident angle of the processing laser beam on the rear upper end face (15), α1 is the included angle of the rear upper end face (15) and the vertical direction, α2 is the refraction angle of the processing laser beam on the rear upper end face (15), α3 is the incident angle of the processing laser beam on the rake face (11), α4 is the included angle of the rake face (11) and the vertical direction, n 0 For the refractive index of air to the processing laser beam, n 1 The refractive index of the cutter body (1) to the processing laser beam.
6. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 5, wherein: the cutter body (1) is a single crystal diamond cutter, the rake angle of the cutter body is negative and the value is larger than 25 degrees, the relief angle of the cutter body is-10 degrees, and the processing laser is continuous or high-repetition frequency laser.
7. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool of claim 6, wherein: the repair laser is a continuous or high repetition frequency laser.
8. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the processing laser assembly (2) comprises:
a processing laser generator and a guiding light generator (21), wherein the processing laser generator is used for generating continuous or high-frequency laser, the light emitted by the guiding light generator and the light emitted by the processing laser generator are coaxial, and the light emitted by the guiding light generator is in a visible light wave band;
and the processing laser shaping part (22) comprises a laser collimating lens and a laser focusing lens, and the processing laser generator and the guiding light generator (21) are connected with the processing laser shaping part (22) through an optical fiber (5).
9. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the repair laser assembly (3) comprises:
a repair laser generator (31) for generating a continuous or high repetition frequency laser;
and the repairing laser shaping part (32) comprises a laser collimating lens and a diffraction optical element, and the repairing laser generator (31) is connected with the repairing laser shaping part (32) through an optical fiber (5).
10. The dual laser assisted machining and repair integrated tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the distance between the incident light of the repairing laser component (3) and the center of the cutting edge of the cutter body (1) is as follows:
D＝d+f/2；
whereas d=f/V;
wherein d is the spacing of the tool marks on the surface of the workpiece (4), F is the feeding speed, V is the spindle rotating speed, and F is the feeding amount.
CN202311087630.2A 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter Pending CN116945376A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311087630.2A CN116945376A (en) 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311087630.2A CN116945376A (en) 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116945376A true CN116945376A (en) 2023-10-27

Family

ID=88462174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311087630.2A Pending CN116945376A (en) 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 Double-laser auxiliary machining and repairing integrated cutter

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116945376A (en)

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