CN116941639B - Application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice - Google Patents
Application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- XEYBHCRIKKKOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;azanylidyneoxidanium;iron(2+);pentacyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].[O+]#N XEYBHCRIKKKOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229940083618 sodium nitroprusside Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000950981 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) Catabolic NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase RocG Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000016901 Glutamate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
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- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 71
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 8
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 101001015612 Halomonas elongata (strain ATCC 33173 / DSM 2581 / NBRC 15536 / NCIMB 2198 / 1H9) Glutamate synthase [NADPH] large chain Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101001040070 Halomonas elongata (strain ATCC 33173 / DSM 2581 / NBRC 15536 / NCIMB 2198 / 1H9) Glutamate synthase [NADPH] small chain Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000888131 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) Glutamate synthase [NADH] Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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- 108020000311 Glutamate Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100034009 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 3
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036579 abiotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930002869 chlorophyll b Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M chlorophyll b Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C=O)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/24—Cyanogen or compounds thereof, e.g. hydrogen cyanide, cyanic acid, cyanamide, thiocyanic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of stress resistance of rice, and particularly relates to application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high-temperature heat injury of the flowering phase of the rice, and the application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving the high-temperature heat injury of the flowering phase of the rice is provided, and experiments prove that spraying Shi Xiaopu sodium not only improves photosynthesis assimilation capacity and nitrogen metabolism of the flowering phase of the rice, but also simultaneously enhances activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, CAT, so that the temperature of leaves of the rice is reduced, the yield of the rice under high-temperature stress of the flowering phase is improved, and finally, the effect of effectively relieving the high-temperature injury of the flowering phase is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stress resistance of rice, in particular to application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high temperature injury in the flowering phase of rice.
Background
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is one of the world important food crops, and plays a key role in guaranteeing the food safety field. At present, the rice planting area of China occupies 18.5% of the world, and the total yield of China occupies 27.7% of the world next to India. However, with the development of industrialization, global greenhouse effect is aggravated, surface temperature is gradually increased, and future climate is continuously warmed. IPCC report 5 indicates that the average temperature of the global surface will rise by about 0.3-0.7 c by year 2035. Whereas historical data indicate that the rice yield will drop by 10% every 1℃rise in the average minimum air temperature on the growing season (drought season). Due to the change of cultivation habit, the rice planting is gradually changed from double-cropping rice to single-cropping rice, and the single-cropping rice is extremely easy to suffer from high-temperature weather in the midsummer season in the reproductive growth period. For example, since 7 months in southern rice district in 2013, the intensity, range and duration of high temperature exceed the historic records, resulting in large area yield reduction of rice, and even in partial areas, the rice is out of harvest. Therefore, the application theory research of alleviating and avoiding the high-temperature heat injury in the flowering phase becomes one of the main problems seriously affecting the safe production of rice, and plays an important role in guaranteeing the safe production of grains in China.
High temperature stress inhibits rice growth and development and yield formation through a variety of pathways, photosynthesis and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (reactive oxygen species, ROS) are important intrinsic mechanisms. The accumulation of active oxygen in leaves under the high-temperature stress in the flowering phase leads to the reduction of the nitrogen metabolism intensity and the degradation of chlorophyll, the damage of the chlorophyll structure and the chlorophyll function, and the reduction of the efficiency of capturing and utilizing the light energy by the leaves, thereby seriously affecting the rice yield. The above studies indicate that abnormal operation of the photosynthetic system and excessive accumulation of ROS are one of the important factors for inhibiting growth and development of rice and yield formation by high temperature stress. Therefore, the strengthening of photosynthesis and antioxidation capability under high temperature stress is helpful for improving heat resistance of rice and relieving yield drop under high temperature stress. Exogenous spraying of growth regulating substances is one of the possible solutions.
Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) is an important bioactive molecule that acts on plants or animals as a Nitric Oxide (NO) donor. NO is an important gas signal molecule in plants, has regulation and control effects on plant seed germination, growth and development, stomata regulation, photosynthesis and respiration and the like, and also participates in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, low temperature drought, high salt, heavy metal, bacterial infection and the like. NO has electron transfer function in the respiration process, is beneficial to scavenging ROS, and thus enhances the antioxidant capacity of plants. Although the prior art provides growth regulating substances to relieve the influence of high temperature stress on rice, no prior art explores the relieving effect of SNP on high temperature stress in the flowering phase of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to clarify the relieving effect of sodium nitroprusside on the high-temperature stress of the flowering phase of the rice, the invention provides the application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving the high-temperature heat injury of the flowering phase of the rice.
Application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is 100-200umol/L.
Preferably, the sodium nitroprusside is sprayed on the leaf surface at the end of booting rice.
Preferably, the sodium nitroprusside is sprayed to the front and back sides of the rice leaves until a layer of small water drops are to fall.
Preferably, the sodium nitroprusside is continuously sprayed for three days.
Preferably, the sodium nitroprusside increases the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.
Preferably, under high-temperature stress in the flowering phase, the sodium nitroprusside increases superoxide dismutase activity, increases peroxidase activity and increases catalase activity, and the sodium nitroprusside increases nitrate reductase activity, increases glutamine synthase activity, increases glutamate synthase activity and increases glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
Preferably, the high temperature is 38 ℃ or higher in the daytime and 30 ℃ or higher in the nighttime.
Preferably, the illumination intensity in the daytime is 12000-14000LX, and the illumination intensity in the evening is 0LX.
Preferably, the daytime relative humidity is 65-75% and the nighttime relative humidity is 70-80%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an application of sodium nitroprusside in relieving high temperature heat injury in the flowering phase of rice. Experiments prove that the 150umol/L sodium nitroprusside spraying treatment not only improves the photosynthetic assimilation capacity and nitrogen metabolism of the rice in the flowering phase, but also enhances the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, CAT, thereby reducing the temperature of the spike and leaf, improving the yield of the rice under the high-temperature stress in the flowering phase and finally achieving the effect of effectively relieving the high-temperature heat injury in the flowering phase.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of SNP on chlorophyll content in rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase; wherein A is the chlorophyll content of N22, B is the chlorophyll content of YR343, and the meanings of ■ and ∈ζ' in the B diagram are the same as those in the A diagram, and the data are mean value ± Standard Deviation (SD); different lowercase letters of the same breed indicate significant differences between treatments at 0.05 level (P < 0.05);
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of SNP on leaf temperature of rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase; wherein A is the temperature of the spike leaf of N22, B is the temperature of the spike leaf of YR343, and "■" in the B diagram,And ≡ "has the same meaning as the a-graph, data are mean ± Standard Deviation (SD); the same breed with different lowercase letters indicates that the difference between treatments was significant at 0.05 level (P<0.05)；
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of SNP on key activity of rice Sword She Dan metabolism under high temperature stress in flowering phase; wherein A is N22 nitrate reductase activity, B is YR343 nitrate reductase activity, C is N22 glutamine synthase activity, D is YR343 glutamine synthase activity, E is N22 glutamate synthase activity, F is YR343 glutamate synthase activity, G is N22 glutamate dehydrogenase activity, H is YR343 glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and B-HThe meaning of (a) is the same as that of the graph A, the abscissa in A-F is the same as G, and the data are mean value +/-Standard Deviation (SD);
FIG. 4 shows the effect of SNP on the content of Sword She Handan in flowering phase high temperature stress, wherein A is the nitrate nitrogen content of N22, B is the nitrate nitrogen content of YR343, C is the ammonium nitrogen content of N22, D is the ammonium nitrogen content of YR343, and B-C isThe meaning of (a) is the same as that of figure a; data are mean ± Standard Deviation (SD);
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of sodium nitroprusside on rice leaf antioxidant enzyme activity under high temperature stress in flowering phase; wherein A is the superoxide dismutase activity of N22, B is the superoxide dismutase activity of YR343, C is the peroxidase activity of N22, D is the peroxidase activity of YR343, E is the catalase activity of N22, F is the catalase activity of YR343, and "■" in B-F,And ≡ ∈ "meaning is the same as for panel a, the abscissa in a-D is the same as E, and data are mean ± Standard Deviation (SD); the same breed with different lowercase letters indicates that the difference between treatments was significant at 0.05 level (P<0.05)。
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The invention takes a heat-resistant rice variety Nagina22 and a heat-sensitive rice variety YR343 as materials.
Example 1
Influence of sodium nitroprusside on rice yield under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
Test site and materials
The test was carried out at the Anhui university comprehensive test station (117.23 DEG E,31.48 DEG N) at Anhui university agricultural university, days 20-9 and 29 of 2022. The test materials are a heat-resistant rice variety Nagina22 (N22, internationally recognized high-resistance Wen Pinji) and a heat-sensitive rice variety YR343 (selected and bred by certain company of Anhui, and continuously shows high-temperature sensitivity for many years).
Test design
The pot is cultivated in a pot mode, the pot height is 35cm, the pot inner diameter is 20cm, 13kg of ground and sieved soil is filled in the pot, the cultivated soil is paddy field soil (typical sandy loam) planted for many years, and the organic matter content is 28.76 mg.kg -1 The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are 62.45, 14.66 and 222 mg.kg respectively -1 The pH value of the soil is 6.78. Sowing and raising seedlings for 5 months and 20 days, transplanting the seedlings into pots for 6 months and 10 days, and transplanting the seedlings into 3 holes of each pot and 1 seedling in each hole. Urea, ca (H) are applied to each pot in the whole growth period 2 PO 4 ) 2 And KCl is 4.0g, 2.0g and 2.7g respectively, urea is used as a base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 6:4 ratio application, Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 All the fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and KCl is prepared by the following steps: ear fertilizer = 5:5 ratio.
The test was run with a total of 6 treatments, control NT0: normal temperature and distilled water spraying;
HT0: high temperature + distilled water spray;
HT1: high temperature + spraying 50umol/LSNP;
HT2: high temperature + spraying 100umol/LSNP;
HT3: high temperature + 150umol/LSNP sprayed;
HT4: high temperature + 200umol/LSNP sprayed.
SNP and distilled water are sprayed on leaf surfaces at the end of booting.
8 months, 10 days, 12 at 2022: about 00, it was found that approximately 10% of the rice ears of the rice materials N22 and YR343 selected in the test began to be pulled out, and 8:00 SNP solutions with concentration gradients of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200umol/L are sprayed until the front and back surfaces of the leaves are wet (a layer of small water drops want to fall), and the control group is sprayed with distilled water with the same amount. The pots were moved to a climatic chamber at night of 8 months 14 days, 10 pots were treated each, 60 pots total, and treatments were performed on days 8 months 15-21. A total of 2 temperature treatments were set:
(1) High temperature treatment (HT): 38 ℃ in the daytime (8:00-18:00) and 30 ℃ in the night (18:00-8:00 in the next day);
(2) Normal temperature treatment (NT): day (8:00-18:00) 32℃and night (18:00-8:00) 25 ℃.
The illumination intensity of all treatments is 14000LX in daytime and 0LX in night; the relative humidity was 75% during the day and 80% during the night. And (3) continuously treating for 7 days, and after the treatment is finished, all potted plants are grown and matured under natural conditions.
Sampling method and measurement
Taking NT0, HT0 and rice sword leaf samples treated by SNP optimal concentration after the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th d18:00 th of high temperature treatment, preserving the samples by liquid nitrogen, and then placing the samples in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ for measuring various subsequent physiological indexes.
And randomly taking 90 ears for each treatment in the mature period, respectively examining the grain number, thousand grain weight and setting rate of each ear, and measuring the yield of each basin.
The setting rate and yield were calculated as follows:
set rate (%) = number of solid grains/total number of grains x 100%;
yield (kg/mu) =number of ears per barrel×number of grains per ear×fruiting rate (%) ×thousand grain weight (g) ×10 -6 。
Data analysis
The data were collated with Excel2019, and SPSS22 was used for statistical analysis and Duncan method to examine the significance of mean differences between treatments.
Results
TABLE 1 influence of sodium nitroprusside on rice yield and yield-forming factors under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
Note that: data are mean ± Standard Deviation (SD); different lower case letters of the same breed indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1, the thousand kernel weight, the setting rate and the yield of N22 and YR343 were significantly reduced in HT0 compared to NT 0. The sodium nitroprusside treatment with different concentrations is sprayed to improve the setting rate, thousand grain weight and yield to different degrees. Among them, treatment effect with HT3 is most remarkable. Compared with HT0, the setting rates of heat-resistant rice N22 and heat-sensitive rice YR343 under HT3 treatment are respectively improved by 22.85 percent and 34.90 percent. The comparison between varieties shows that under HT0 treatment, the yield of YR343 is reduced by a larger extent than N22, and under SNP treatment of the same concentration, the improvement amplitude of two indexes of the fruiting rate and thousand seed weight of YR343 is higher than N22, but the fruiting rate of N22 is higher than that of YR343 at the same period, which indicates that the N22 high temperature tolerance is higher.
Example 2
Influence of sodium nitroprusside on photosynthetic parameters of rice under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
The rice leaf measurements were made Pn, ci, gs, tr using an LI-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus (LI-COR, inc. USA) at 9:00-11:30 am on treatment 7d, with 5 leaf measurements randomly selected for each treatment. Chlorophyll content was measured on treated main stems and sword leaves at 10:00-11:00 am on treatment 7 d.
FIG. 1 shows the effect of SNP spraying at different concentrations on chlorophyll content in rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase. From the graph, compared with the NT0 treatment, both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the sword leaf after the HT0 treatment were significantly reduced by 20.07%, 15.87%, 33.47% and 41.80% respectively. Compared with HT0 treatment, the chlorophyll content in the N22 and YR343 leaves of the two varieties of rice is obviously improved by 16.78% and 28.88% respectively by HT3 treatment, and the rising amplitude of the chlorophyll content in the YR343 leaves under HT3 treatment is higher than that of N22.
TABLE 2 influence of SNP on photosynthetic Properties of Sword leaf of Rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase
Note that: data are mean ± Standard Deviation (SD); different lower case letters of the same breed indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 2, HT0 treatment significantly reduced photosynthetic characteristics of both rice varieties compared to NT 0. Pn, gs, tr and Ci were significantly lower in both varieties than NT0 in HT0 treatment. The levels of Pn, gs, ci and Tr were increased in both N22 and YR343 after HT3 treatment compared to HT0, by 29.13%, 26.83%, 5.59%, 8.33% and 19.23%, 11.76%, 17.76% and 4.35%, respectively. The comparison between varieties shows that N22 maintains higher photosynthetic performance under HT0 and HT3 treatment, which indicates that N22 has higher heat resistance.
Example 3
Influence of sodium nitroprusside on rice spike and leaf temperature under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
Test materials, test design, sampling method and data analysis method were the same as in example 1.
Results
FIG. 2 is the effect of SNP spraying at different concentrations on the leaf temperature of rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase. From the figure, high-temperature stress in the flowering phase causes significant increase of the spike and leaf temperatures of two rice varieties, wherein the spike Wen Jungao is at the leaf temperature, and the spike She Wencha is larger as the ambient temperature is higher, which indicates that the spike and leaf temperature is easily affected by the environment. The spray of SNP with optimal concentration can relieve the temperature rise of two varieties of spike leaves under high-temperature stress in the flowering phase. Compared with HT0, the temperatures of N22 and YR343 ears and leaves after HT3 treatment are respectively reduced by 5.59%, 4.37% and 6.23%, 3.71%. The comparison between varieties shows that under the treatment of NT0 and HT0, the leaf temperature of YR343 is lower than that of N22, and under the treatment of HT3, the leaf temperature of the two varieties is obviously reduced, and the reduction amplitude of N22 is higher than that of YR343, which is one of the reasons why N22 has higher heat resistance.
Example 4
Influence of sodium nitroprusside on nitrogen metabolism of rice leaves under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
Test materials, test design, sampling method and data analysis method were the same as in example 1.
Results
FIG. 3 is the effect of SNP spraying at different concentrations on the activity of key enzymes for nitrogen metabolism of rice under high temperature stress in flowering phase. As can be seen from the graph, the activities of NR, GS and GOGAT in the leaves of both rice varieties in HT0 treatment as a whole showed a tendency to rise and fall in comparison with NT0, and GDH activity remained substantially unchanged during the treatment. The activity of NR, GS and GOGAT was increased in N22 leaves under HT3 treatment compared to HT0, and NR activity was higher than in HT0 treatment except 3 d. The activities of NR and GOGAT reached a maximum at 7d, 22.3% and 12.6%, respectively; the activities of GS and GDH reached a maximum at 5d, 21.8% and 11.9%, respectively. HT3 treatment also increased NR, GS and GOGAT activity in YR343 leaves, and both started above HT0 at treatment 3d, NR and GOGAT reached maximum amplification at treatment 5d, 31.0% and 13.66%, respectively; GS reached a maximum of 14.2% amplification at 7 d.
In summary, under HT3 treatment, the NR activity of YR343 was higher than that of N22 for SNP, the GS was lower than that of N22, and N22 remained higher NR, GSGOGAT and GDH activities during the treatment, indicating that N22 had stronger heat resistance.
From fig. 4, compared with the NT0 treatment, the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the leaves of the two rice varieties in the HT0 treatment is significantly reduced, and the HT3 treatment significantly increases the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the leaves of the N22 and YR343 under high temperature stress. The nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly under HT3 treatment compared to HT0, with increases of 27.55% and 30.06% in N22 and YR343 at treatment 5d, respectively. The comparison between varieties shows that the overall increase in nitrate nitrogen content in the N22 leaves under HT3 treatment is less than YR343, but the higher nitrate nitrogen content is maintained in the N22 leaves throughout the treatment period, as compared to HT 0. Meanwhile, compared with the NT0 treatment, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the leaves of the two rice varieties in the HT0 treatment is greatly reduced. The ammonium nitrogen content was significantly increased under HT3 treatment compared to HT0, with an increase in N22 and YR343 of 17.60% and 15.57% at treatment 7d, respectively. The comparison between varieties shows that under HT3 treatment, N22 had a higher ammonium nitrogen content in the leaves than YR343 during the whole treatment period compared to HT 0. This may be one of the reasons why N22 has stronger heat resistance than YR343.
Example 5
Influence of sodium nitroprusside on antioxidant enzyme activity of rice leaves under high-temperature stress in flowering phase
Test materials, test design, sampling method and data analysis method were the same as in example 1.
Results
FIG. 5 is the effect of SNP on the activity of rice leaf-sword-like antioxidant enzyme under high temperature stress in flowering phase. From the graph, SOD, POD and CAT activities of N22 and YR343 showed a trend of a decrease after the increase in HT0 treatment compared to NT0 treatment, and SOD, POD activities varied up to significant levels, while CAT activities were not significantly varied all the time. Under HT3 treatment, the SOD activity of N22 was higher than that of contemporaneous HT0 treatment throughout the treatment period, and the amplification reached significant levels except treatment 1d, with an amplification of 11.81% at treatment 5 d; both POD and CAT activities were significantly higher during treatment than contemporaneous HT0 treatment, reaching a maximum at treatment 3d, at which time 4.17% and 5.63% increase significantly over HT0 treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the SOD and POD activities in YR343 leaves are also improved to different degrees compared with the synchronous HT0 treatment, but the CAT activity only reaches a remarkable level when the CAT activity is treated for 7 d. The comparison between varieties shows that under the high-temperature stress of the flowering phase, N22 can keep higher antioxidant enzyme activity compared with YR343, and the rise of the 3 antioxidant enzyme activities of N22 is higher than that of YR343 even under the HT3 treatment.
It should be noted that, when the claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and the present invention describes the preferred embodiments for preventing redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The application of the sodium nitroprusside in relieving the high temperature injury of the rice in the flowering phase is characterized in that the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is 150-200umol/L;
and the sodium nitroprusside is sprayed on leaf surfaces at the end stage of booting rice.
2. The use of sodium nitroprusside as claimed in claim 1 for alleviating high temperature injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein sodium nitroprusside is sprayed on the front and back sides of rice leaves until a layer of small water droplets is to be dropped.
3. The use of sodium nitroprusside as claimed in claim 2 for alleviating high temperature injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein said sodium nitroprusside is sprayed for three consecutive days.
4. The use of sodium nitroprusside as claimed in claim 1 for alleviating high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein the sodium nitroprusside increases the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.
5. The use of sodium nitroprusside according to claim 1 for alleviating high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein said sodium nitroprusside increases superoxide dismutase activity, increases peroxidase activity, increases catalase activity, said sodium nitroprusside increases nitrate reductase activity, increases glutamine synthase activity, increases glutamate dehydrogenase activity under high temperature stress in flowering phase.
6. The use of sodium nitroprusside as claimed in claim 1 for alleviating high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein the high temperature is 38 ℃ or higher in daytime and 30 ℃ or higher in nighttime.
7. The use of sodium nitroprusside as claimed in claim 1 for alleviating high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein the illumination intensity in daytime is 12000-14000LX and the illumination intensity in night is 0LX.
8. Use of sodium nitroprusside according to claim 1 for alleviating high temperature heat injury in flowering phase of rice, wherein the daytime relative humidity is 65-75% and the nighttime relative humidity is 70-80%.
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Harsha Gautam,et al..Hydrogen Sulfide, Ethylene, and Nitric Oxide Regulate Redox Homeostasis and Protect Photosynthetic Metabolism under High Temperature Stress in Rice Plants.Antioxidants.2022,3,6,8,11,12. * |
| Harsha Gautam,et al..Nitric Oxide Enhances Photosynthetic Nitrogen and Sulfur-Use Efficiency and Activity of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle to Reduce High Temperature Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants.Biomolecules.2021,3,13. * |
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