CN116925049A - 新型联苯类衍生物、其制备方法及其作为药物的用途 - Google Patents
新型联苯类衍生物、其制备方法及其作为药物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有有效量的通式(I)所示的新型联苯类衍生物、其制备方法及含有该衍生物的药物组合物作为制备治疗FXR相关疾病的药物中的用途,相比现有技术,其具有更优的体内外药理效应,具有更广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体涉及一种新型联苯类衍生物、其制备方法及含有该衍生物的药物组合物作为制备治疗FXR相关疾病的药物中的用途。本发明中涉及的化合物在该领域中具有独特性和新颖性。
背景技术
法尼醇X受体(FXR)是一种胆汁酸激活的核受体,广泛存在于多种组织和器官,尤其与胆汁代谢关系紧密的肝脏、肠组织中有较高的表达。FXR被配体激活后,与视黄醛衍生物X(RXR)结合,形成FXR/RXR复合物,然后结合到靶基因启动子区域的反应元件上,参与对靶基因的调控作用。这些靶基因涉及到多种代谢途径,如胆汁酸代谢、脂肪代谢、糖代谢等,因此FXR对于维持人体内多个器官的正常代谢平衡非常重要。激活肝脏中的FXR诱导异源二聚体(SHP)表达,从而抑制胆汁酸合成基因固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)的转录翻译,减少CYP7A1蛋白的表达。作为胆固醇合成的限速酶,CYP7A1表达量的降低可以减少体内胆固醇的合成,进而使胆汁酸的合成减少。在肠道中,激活FXR能够诱导FGF19/15通过c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)途径抑制CYP7A1。在调节胆汁酸肝肠循环方面,FXR与IR-1结合能够促进与胆汁吸收相关的胆盐输出泵(BSEP)和多药耐药相关蛋白2(MRP2)表达。此外,激活FXR能够抑制肝脏钠-牛磺酸协同转运蛋白(NTCP)和有机阴离子转运多肽2(OATP2)的转录,减少门静脉循环中胆汁酸的吸收。激活FXR能够诱导回肠胆汁酸结合蛋白(IBABP)的转录,促进有机溶质转运体α/β(OSTα/β)的表达,促进胆汁的运输和流动,从而控制回肠中胆汁的浓度。通过这一系列的作用,FXR的激活可以调控胆酸的合成、转运与代谢,减少胆汁酸在肝脏的淤积,减轻肝脏负担减少脂肪肝的发生。激活FXR能够下调CYP7A1促进胆固醇代谢,降低血液中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的含量。同时,激活FXR能够诱导SHP表达,进而抑制固醇调控元件结合蛋白-1c(SREBP-1C)的转录,SREBP-1C是脂质生物合成的重要调节因子,因此,可以减少肝脏的脂质沉积。激活FXR还能诱导脂蛋白C-II(Apoc-II)和载脂蛋白E(ApoE)的表达,从而加速脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)对甘油三酯(TG)的水解。激活FXR可以抑制载脂蛋白C-III(Apoc-III)和血管生成素样蛋白3(ANGPTL3)的表达,促进LPL的活性,加速脂肪酸的分解和代谢。在抗炎方面,激活FXR可以下调核因子κ3(NF-κB),减轻炎症反应。此外,FXR激动剂可以抑制NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体的形成,减少炎症发生。在肝脏中,激活FXR可以减少单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)表达,从而减少肝组织的炎症浸润。此外,FXR的激活能够促进肠道屏障的稳定性和完整性,可减少细菌向肝脏等器官移位的风险。因此,FXR激动剂对非酒精性脂肪肝、药物性肝损伤、糖脂代谢综合征、胆汁淤积性肝病等均有潜在的治疗作用。
目前已有大量制药公司布局开发FXR激动剂,但现有在研的FXR激动剂在临床上均显示出不同程度的瘙痒和血脂异常等副作用,其原因尚未明确。Fexaramine(FEX)是一种全新结构类型的非甾体FXR激动剂,FEX在基于细胞的报告试验(EC50=25nM)和基于FRET的辅激活剂类固醇受体辅激活剂1(SRC1)结合试验(EC50=255nM)中显示出对FXR的高效力,且是一种肠限制性FXR激动剂,在肝脏中仅有微弱的FXR激活作用。MET409(未公布结构)是由FEX改造而来的一种具有非胆酸类结构的FXR激动剂,具有良好的药代动力学和药效学特性,目前正处临床III期,在一项为期12周的对照实验中,发现MET409能够明显减少肝脏的脂肪含量,其低剂量组MET409(50mg)时,发生瘙痒和增加血液LDL的副作用显著降低。然而在MET-409治疗的4周内仍会出现血液ALT短暂升高的现象,因此在后续的研究中仍需对肝脏相关的指标进行密切检测。相比其他类型的FXR激动剂,MET409发生瘙痒和血脂异常的副作用显著降低,这可能是由于其结构类型与其他非甾体类FXR激动剂完全不同,是其副作用更低的潜在原因。本发明化合物正是基于Fexaramine的结构类型开展更广泛深入的构效关系研究,并从中发现了一系列体内外疗效更优的化合物。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题和未满足的临床需求,本发明的目的是提供一类全新结构的FXR激动剂及其应用,为预防或/和治疗FXR相关疾病提供一类新的潜在药物。
本发明所述的联苯类FXR激动剂,是含有有效量的通式(I)所示的化合物:
其中:
R1选自以下任一结构:
R2选自以下任一结构:
更优选的本发明化合物包括,但不限于:
本发明的另一方面涉及一种药物组合物,其含有治疗有效剂量的所述化合物及适当的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
本发明涉及的化合物或其药物组合物在制备治疗FXR相关疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明同时涉及所述化合物或其可药用的盐或其药物组合物在制备预防或/和治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化、胆汁性腹泻、非酒精性脂肪肝炎、酒精性脂肪肝炎、胆汁淤积性肝病、药物诱导肝损伤、原发性硬化性胆管炎、门静脉高压、动脉粥样硬化、血脂障碍、高脂血症、器官纤维化、肝硬化、肝脏衰竭、胆结石、糖尿病及其并发症、炎症性肠病和肥胖症中至少一种疾病的药物中的用途。
发明的详细说明
除非另有说明,否则下列用在说明书和权利要求书中的术语具有下述含义。
本文中所示的任何通式或结构,包括通式(I)的化合物在内,还意在表示所述化合物的未标记形式和同位素标记的形式。同位素标记的化合物具有本文给出的分子式所示的结构,除了一个或多个原子被具有选定原子质量或质量数的原子替代。本发明的化合物中可包含的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、氟和氯的同位素,在本发明的化合物中,未明确指明为特定同位素的任何原子意在表示该原子的任何稳定的同位素。除非另外说明,当明确以“H”或“氢”标明某位置时,应理解为该位置为其同位素组成的氢。因此,在本发明的化合物中,明确标明氘(D)的任何原子意在表示氘。
“药物组合物”表示含有一种或多种本发明所述化合物或其可药用的盐,或其前药与其他化学组分的混合物,其他化学组分例如可药用的载体和赋形剂。药物组合物的目的是促进生物体对活性成分的吸收,利于活性成分在生物体内发挥生物活性。
附图说明
图1:LH10对胆汁淤积肝病模型改善作用。(A)小鼠肝脏组织切片H&E染色(比例尺=100μm);(B)血清AST;(C)血清ALT;(D)血清ALP;(E)血清TBA;(F)血清LDH;(G)血清GGT;(H)血清DBIL。结果表示为Mean±SD,n=6;采用One-way ANOVA检验分析,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,相对于Model组.
图2:LH10预防APAP诱导的急性肝损伤。(A)急性肝损伤小鼠模型概况;(B)肝组织切片H&E染色(比例尺=125μm),蓝色箭头表示细胞变性、坏死,黄色圆圈表示出血。(C)血清AST;(D)血清ALT;(E)血清LDL;(F)血清ALP;(G)肝组织GSH含量;(H)肝脏GST含量。结果表示为Mean±SD,n=6;采用One-wayANOVA检验分析,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,相对于Model组。
图3:LH10对NASH小鼠肝脏组织学形态影响。(A)NASH小鼠模型建立实验流程;(B)肝重与体重之比;(C)小鼠肝脏切片H&E染色,黄色箭头表示炎症,红色箭头表示气球样变,绿色箭头表示脂肪变性(比例尺=50μm);(D)肝组织切片NAS评分。结果表示为Mean±SD,n=6;采用One-way ANOVA检验分析,结果表示为n=6,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
图4:LH10对NASH小鼠肝纤维化的影响。(A)肝组织切片Masson染色和(比例尺=100μm);(B)Masson染色阳性区域半定量分析;(C)肝脏HYP含量;(D)TGF-β1的含量;(E)肝脏α-SMA;(F)TGF-β1;(G)Colla1;(H)TIMP1基因的相对表达丰度。结果表示为Mean±SD,n=6;采用One-way ANOVA检验分析,结果表示为n=6,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。需要说明的是,下述实施例仅是用于说明,而并非用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导所做出各种变化均应在本申请权利要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1
N-(4-(苯并呋喃-6-基)苯甲基)-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-1;LH10)
步骤A:将4-甲酰基苯硼酸(1.2equiv),5-溴-1-苯并呋喃(1.0equiv)溶于18mL混合溶剂(1,4-二氧六环/水,4∶1,v/v),依次加入碳酸钠(3.0equiv),四(三苯基膦)钯(0.05equiv),于氮气氛围下90℃加热,过夜反应。反应完全后,用硅藻土对反应体系进行辅助抽滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,过滤后,使用乙酸乙酯作为洗涤剂,对滤饼进行洗涤,合并三次萃取有机相,然后用20ml饱和NaCl溶液洗涤2次,再用无水Na2SO4吸附水分,旋干溶剂,随后经柱层析纯化得到淡黄色液体1a。
步骤B:将1-环丙基吡唑-4-硼酸片呐醇酯(1.2equiv),3-硝基溴苯(1.0equiv)溶于18mL混合溶剂(1,4-二氧六环/水,4∶1,v/v),依次加入碳酸钠(3.0equiv),四(三苯基膦)钯(0.05equiv),于氮气氛围下90℃加热,过夜反应。反应完全后,用硅藻土对反应体系进行辅助抽滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,过滤后,使用乙酸乙酯作为洗涤剂,对滤饼进行洗涤,合并三次萃取有机相,然后用20ml饱和NaCl溶液洗涤2次,再用无水Na2SO4吸附水分,旋干溶剂,随后经柱层析纯化得到黄色固体2a。将上述产物(1.0equiv)溶于20mL混合溶剂(乙醇/水,4∶1,v/v)依次加入氯化铵(4.0equiv),铁粉(3.0equiv)在氮气氛围下,70℃加热反应过夜。反应完成后,去除氮气保护,用硅藻土对反应体系进行辅助抽滤,使用乙酸乙酯作为洗涤剂,对滤饼进行洗涤,过滤后,滤液用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸除有机溶剂,得到淡黄色油状液体3a。
步骤C:将上述产物1a和3a(1.0equiv)溶于18mL的1,2-二氯乙烷,加入乙酸钠(2.0equiv)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.6equiv)于室温反应20小时。反应完全后,用硅藻土辅助抽滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,滤液用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,将三次萃取的有机相进行合并,合并有机相以无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸除有机溶剂,通过柱层析纯化得到4a。
步骤D:在0℃下,将4a和三乙胺(3.0equiv)溶于10mL的二氯甲烷,加入催化量的4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.1equiv),将环己烷甲酰氯(3.0equiv)溶于10mL二氯甲烷置于恒压滴液漏斗滴至上述混合液中,反应3小时后,撤掉冰浴,于室温下反应10小时。反应完全后,用硅藻土对反应体系进行辅助抽滤,使用乙酸乙酯作为洗涤剂,对滤饼进行洗涤,过滤后,用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),合并有机相依次以水(20mL×1),饱和食盐水溶液(20mL×2)洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4吸附水分,蒸发掉有机溶液中的溶剂,随后经柱层析得白色固体I-1(LH10)。1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(s,1H),8.01(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.57-7.51(m,2H),7.47-7.45(m,1H),7.35-7.30(m,1H),7.26(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.98(dd,J=2.2,1.0Hz,1H),6.96-6.86(m,1H),4.90(s,2H),3.70(tt,J=7.4,3.8Hz,1H),2.35-2.16(m,1H),1.73-1.59(m,4H),1.54-1.35(m,3H),1.14-1.09(m,1H),1.05-1.01(m,2H),0.97-0.93(m,2H),0.92-0.82(m,2H).13CNMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ174.93,170.32,153.91,146.65,142.85,139.24,136.60,136.18,135.12,134.00,129.80,128.50,127.87,127.30,126.84,125.46,124.26,124.15,123.40,120.75,119.21,111.53,106.98,59.74,40.78,32.78,29.17,25.31,24.95,20.75,14.07,6.25.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 516.2646;found,516.2658.
实施例2
N-(4-(1H-吲哚-5-基)苯基)-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-2)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.34g黄色固体,收率为28%。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.13(s,1H),8.22(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.77(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.52(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.46-7.41(m,2H),7.39-7.31(m,3H),7.21(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.90(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.51-6.42(m,1H),4.87(s,2H),3.69(tt,J=7.4,3.9Hz,1H),2.30-2.18(m,1H),1.83-1.55(m,6H),1.55-1.33(m,4H),1.25-1.21(m,2H),0.96-0.91(m,2H).13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ175.36,143.38,141.07,136.62,136.14,135.95,134.41,131.42,130.21,128.89,128.71,127.71,126.94,126.45,125.97,124.80,124.61,121.28,120.69,118.44,112.20,.101.97,52.18,42.67,41.30,29.67,25.57,25.38,6.70.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 515.2805;found,515.2823.
实施例3
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-(4-(2,3-苯并二氢呋喃-5-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-3)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.21g白色固体,收率为43%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(s,1H),7.82(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),7.54-7.48(m,4H),7.45-7.41(m,1H),7.36-7.30(m,2H),7.20(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.89(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.87(s,2H),4.55(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),3.71(tt,J=7.4,3.8Hz,1H),3.21(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),2.32-2.17(m,1H),1.81-1.45(m,6H),1.46-1.15(m,4H),1.14-1.07(m,2H),0.93-0.83(m,2H).13CNMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ175.19,159.67,143.13,139.33,136.43,136.33,134.24,132.59,130.05,128.72,128.39,127.54,126.55,126.32,125.74,124.55,124.42,123.62,121.04,109.41,71.41,51.92,41.07,33.07,29.45,25.60,25.37,25.23,6.52.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 518.2802;found,518.2818.
实施例4
N-(4-(苯并[b]噻吩-5-基)苯基)-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-4)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.28g黄色固体,收率为38%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(s,1H),8.14(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.79(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.68-7.65(m,2H),7.65-7.62(m,1H),7.56-7.53(m,1H),7.50(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.47-7.44(m,1H),7.33(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.91(s,2H),3.74-3.67(m,1H),2.31-2.21(m,1H),1.76-1.66(m,3H),1.66-1.56(m,3H),1.52-1.40(m,4H),1.05-1.03(m,2H),0.96-0.94(m,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ175.24,144.68,143.16,140.48,139.23,138.53,137.23,136.54,136.47,134.28,130.08,128.87,128.41,127.57,127.08,125.76,124.52,124.46,123.51,123.27,121.70,121.06,73.81,51.96,41.09,33.08,29.47,25.38,24.89,6.53.ESI-MSm/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 532.2417;found,532.2435.
实施例5
N-(4-(过氧化苯甲酰[d]噻唑-5-基)苯基)-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-5)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.37g黄色固体,收率为40%。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.41(s,1H),8.31(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.20(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.82(s,1H),7.76(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.46-7.42(m,1H),7.33(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.91(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.89(s,2H),3.68(tt,J=7.4,3.6Hz,1H),2.30-2.16(m,1H),1.79-1.51(m,6H),1.51-1.31(m,4H),1.20-1.07(m,2H),0.96-0.92(m,2H).ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 533.2370;found,533.2360.
实施例6
N-(4-(苯并[d]恶唑-5-基)苯基)-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)环己酰胺(I-6)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.34g黄色固体,收率为41%。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.43(s,1H),8.33(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.82-7.67(m,4H),7.63(s,1H),7.44-7.31(m,1H),7.27(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.23-7.15(m,2H),4.88(s,2H),4.25-3.84(m,1H),2.27-2.09(m,1H),1.73-1.53(m,6H),1.52-1.29(m,4H),1.20-1.15(m,2H),0.97-0.87(m,2H).13C NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.43,154.34,138.83,138.66,137.44,137.07,137.02,136.98,136.85,136.81,133.12,131.76,130.58,128.95,128.91,127.51,124.85,123.37,123.37,121.05,83.36,73.98,29.59,25.50,25.42,25.07,24.95.ESI-MSm/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 517.2598;found,517.2572.
实施例7
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-(4-(2,3-苯并二氢呋喃-5-基)苯基)四氢化-2H-吡喃-4-酰胺(I-7)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.15白色固体,收率为46%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.63-7.60(m,1H),7.55(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.47(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.35-7.33(m,1H),7.21(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.99-4.75(m,2H),4.55(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),3.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.70(tt,J=7.4,3.9Hz,1H),3.21(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),3.06-2.96(m,2H),2.59-2.50(m,2H),1.77-1.64(m,2H),1.58-1.50(m,2H),1.07-1.02(m,2H),0.98-0.94(m,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ174.12,159.86,143.00,139.57,136.67,136.33,132.75,131.90,130.31,129.25,128.99,128.58,127.77,126.74,126.51,125.99,124.81,123.80,121.21,109.60,71.60,66.61,52.33,38.45,33.26,29.55,29.36,6.72.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 520.2595;found,520.2579.
实施例8
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-((4′-甲氧基-3′-甲基-[1,1′-联苯]-4-基)甲基)-4-甲基苯磺酰胺(I-8)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.35白色固体,收率为43%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.13(s,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.57(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.46-7.36(m,5H),7.35-7.26(m,3H),7.22(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.92(dd,J=19.9,8.3Hz,2H),4.84(s,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.71(tt,J=7.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.42(s,3H),2.17(s,3H),1.08-1.02(m,2H),1.01-0.90(m,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.49,144.04,139.79,139.51,136.49,135.52,135.04,133.66,131.98,130.23,129.60,129.07,128.63,127.92,127.57,126.47,126.41,126.18,125.47,125.19,124.58,121.28,111.07,55.77,53.41,33.25,21.50,16.56,6.71.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 564.2315;found,564.2302.
实施例9
2,6-二氯-N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-((4′-甲氧基-3′-甲基-[1,1′-联苯]-4-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(I-9)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到白色固体0.33g,收率40%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.07(s,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.67-7.58(m,2H),7.56(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.49-7.41(m,5H),7.06-6.94(m,2H),6.84-6.78(m,1H),6.73(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.44(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.28-6.18(m,1H),4.35-4.30(m,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.71(tt,J=7.4,3.8Hz,1H),2.20(s,3H),1.05(d,J=3.4Hz,2H),0.96(dd,J=7.2,4.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.38,149.49,140.18,139.19,139.03,138.90,136.31,133.38,132.44,129.70,129.35,129.07,128.37,128.28,127.71,127.06,127.01,126.51,126.41,125.45,122.91,113.61,111.11,109.31,55.78,46.63,33.18,16.63,6.70.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 618.1379;found,618.1369.
实施例10
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-((4′-甲氧基-3′-甲基-[1,1′-联苯]-4-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(I-10)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.27白色固体,收率为42%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.14(s,1H),7.78-7.72(m,1H),7.72-7.67(m,3H),7.67-7.59(m,2H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.46-7.37(m,3H),7.32(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.27(s,1H),7.22(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.87(s,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.76-3.65(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.07-1.02(m,2H),0.99-0.93(m,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.33,139.50,139.37,138.16,136.33,134.82,133.52,131.79,129.65,129.48,128.92,127.69,127.44,126.32,126.25,126.12,125.31,124.99,124.50,121.06,110.90,60.05,55.59,53.35,16.41,6.55.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 550.2159;found,550.2147.
实施例11
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-((4′-甲氧基-3′-甲基-[1,1′-联苯]-4-基)甲基)环己烷磺酰胺(I-11)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.34白色固体,收率为45%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.05(s,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.47-7.41(m,3H),7.07-6.92(m,2H),6.80(s,1H),6.72(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.44(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.19(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.32(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.80(s,3H),3.71(tt,J=7.7,4.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.19(s,3H),1.23(s,3H),1.10-1.02(m,5H),0.98-0.91(m,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO d6)δ157.49,144.04,139.79,139.51,136.49,135.52,133.66,131.98,130.23,129.07,127.92,127.57,126.47,125.47,124.58,121.28,111.07,55.77,53.41,33.25,25.43,21.22,16.56,14.55,6.71.ESI-MS m/z:[M+H]+calcd.for556.2628;found,556.2635.
实施例12
N-(3-(1-环丙基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基)-N-((4′-(二甲氨基)-[1,1′-联苯]-4-基)甲基环己烷磺酰胺(I-12)
合成方法同化合物I-1,得到0.20白色固体,收率为35%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.02(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.49(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.97(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.69(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.41(dd,J=8.2,2.2Hz,1H),6.13(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),3.67(tt,J=7.5,3.9Hz,1H),2.88(s,6H),1.30-1.15(m,4H),1.06-0.88(m,5H),0.85-0.78(m,1H).ESI-MSm/z:[M+H]+calcd.for 569.2945;found,569.2951.
实施例13本发明化合物对FXR的激动活性测定
使用FuGene6转染试剂盒,每孔含10ng hRXR,10ng pCMV Gal和10ng FXR表达载体和30ng相应的报告基因共转染HepG2细胞。转染后24小时,细胞与含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM孵育,用待测化合物处理。24小时后,通过细胞培养裂解缓冲液收集细胞,根据荧光素酶测定试剂盒说明书检测荧光素酶活性,使用Promega试剂盒在微孔板中检测半乳糖苷酶,并在酶标仪中读取数据。EC50由三个独立实验的平均值计算。实施例化合物FXR激动活性EC50值见表1。
表1:FXR激动活性
结论:本发明化合物对FXR均具有较明显的激动活性,其中I-1、I-2、I-3、I-9和I-10具有较优异的激动活性。
实施例14本发明化合物对胆汁淤积性肝病的改善作用
SPF级C5BL/6雄性小鼠,质量为18~22g,来源于广东省医学动物中心。将小鼠按照体重随机地分为4组,正常组和模型组给予空白溶剂0.5%CMC-Na灌胃,治疗组给予奥贝胆酸OCA(20mg/kg)、LH10(20mg/kg)治疗,持续给药5天,每日一次,第5天灌胃2小时后,灌胃给予小鼠50mg/kg的ANIT造模(橄榄油为溶媒),48小时后,将小鼠麻醉后,从小鼠眼眶收集血液,血样采集完,处死小鼠,解剖取出小鼠肝脏,在生理盐水中将组织清洗干净,切下适合尺寸的肝脏组织,放置于组织固定液中进行固定。取肝脏组织以HE染色观察脂肪肝改善情况,染色结果见附图1。
实验结果表明:与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏受损情况严重,出现明显的灶状肝细胞坏死,出现炎症浸润和充血现象。OCA治疗组仍可看见小范围的肝细胞坏死,但炎症浸润和充血现象明显改善。而在LH10治疗组,几乎看不见细胞坏死和充血现象,说明LH10对胆汁淤积的改善效果优于OCA。在血清指标方面,与正常组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血清的肝脏敏感指标AST、ALT、LDH、GGT均显著升高,说明造模成功,小鼠出现肝损伤;与模型组相比,OCA和LH10治疗组的AST、ALT、LDH和GGT显著降低,说明治疗组小鼠肝损伤受到保护。与正常组相比,模型组小鼠的血清ALP、TBA和DBIL显著升高,说明小鼠出现胆汁淤积。而LH10治疗组小鼠的ALP、TBA及TBIL显著降低,显示对小鼠胆汁淤积具有改善作用,具有广阔的药用开发前景。
实施例15本发明化合物对药物性肝损伤的改善作用
雄性ICR小鼠,体重20~25g,SPF级,购于广东省医学动物中心。按照小鼠体重随机地分为4组,正常组和模型组给予空白溶剂0.5%CMC-Na灌胃,治疗组给予药物OCA(20mg/kg)和LH10(20mg/kg)进行治疗,连续给药5天,每天一次,最后一次给药1小时后经腹腔注射300mg/kg APAP(溶于生理盐水)。12小时后,将小鼠麻醉后,从小鼠眼眶收集血液,血样采集完,处死小鼠,解剖取出小鼠肝脏,在生理盐水中将组织清洗干净,切下适合尺寸的肝脏左叶,放置于组织固定液中进行固定。取肝脏组织以HE染色观察脂肪肝改善情况,染色结果见附图2。
实验结果表明:与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏出现明显的出血点和肝组织细胞的变性、坏死,表明APAP所致的急性肝损伤是有效的。与模型组相比,OCA和LH10治疗组肝脏切片的出血点具有不同程度的改善,而LH10的改善效果明显优于OCA,几乎看不见细胞变性和坏死。血清AST、ALT、LDL、ALP是反应肝损害的敏感指标,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠血清的AST、ALT、LDL、ALP显著增高,说明模型组小鼠出现肝损伤,而治疗组小鼠血清中反映肝损伤敏感指标显著下调,说明LH10对肝脏具有保护作用。GSH是细胞内一种重要的调节代谢的物质,其组成部分半胱氨酸上的巯基能与某些药物(如APAP)和毒素等结合,从而产生整合解毒作用。GST是与GSH结合的重要酶类,在机体遇到外来因素攻击时,能与GSH结合,产生解毒的作用,保护生物体。当肝脏中的GSH和GST含量降低时,说明机体抗氧化能力减弱,对于体内产生的多余自由基难以清除,而肝细胞膜质脂发生过氧化反应时容易导致肝损伤。通过测定小鼠肝脏中的GSH和GST的含量,与正常组相比,模型组肝脏的GSH和GST含量显著下降,说明发生肝损伤。LH10给药组的GSH和GST显著升高,且对GSH的上调稍优于OCA给药组,说明LH10能预防APAP导致急性肝损伤,而其预防效果可能优于OCA,具有更广阔的药用开发前景。
实施例16本发明化合物对非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用
将雄性C57BL/6小鼠按体重均匀的分为4组,每组包含8只小鼠,分别是正常组、模型组、OCA治疗组和LH10治疗组。除正常组外,其他小鼠给予高脂高糖高胆固醇饲料,同时给予糖水,糖水由23.1g/L果糖及18.9g/L葡萄糖溶于无菌水中配制而成。正常组给予基础饲料及正常饮水。对模型组及给药组腹腔注射CCl4(以橄榄油为溶媒,CCl4含量为2%),每周2次,连续造模12周。从第9周开始给药,正常组及模型组给药空白溶媒0.5%CMC-Na灌胃,OCA组和LH10组以20mg/kg每天一次灌胃给药,持续4周。在最后一次灌胃之后,对小鼠进行8小时禁食不禁水,将小鼠麻醉后,从小鼠眼眶收集血液,血样采集完成后,将小鼠处死,解剖取出小鼠肝脏,在生理盐水中将组织清洗干净,切下适合尺寸的肝脏左叶,放置于组织固定液中进行固定。取肝脏组织以HE和马松染色观察脂肪肝和纤维化改善情况,染色结果见附图3和附图4。
实验结果表明:模型组小鼠的肝细胞则出现肿胀,并出现了脂肪空泡和核错位的现象。肝组织内可见大油滴和小脂滴的弥漫性分布,肝细胞有明显的炎症变化。通过NAFLD活动评分(NAS)从脂肪变性,气球样变和炎症浸润三个维度对肝组织切片进行半定量分析发现模型组肝脏NAS>5,表明模型组小鼠出现了炎症的脂肪肝炎(附图3),造模成功。而经OCA和LH10治疗的小鼠其脂肪变性、气球样变和炎症浸润均得到明显改善,且其NAS评分相较于模型组显著下降,说明LH10对高脂高糖饮食和四氯化碳共同诱导的NASH模型具有改善作用。LH10对脂肪变性,气球样变的改善与OCA组相当。
Masson染色所示模型组小鼠肝脏纤维化严重,出现明显的脂质沉积和纤维化桥接。与模型组相比,OCA和LH10治疗组小鼠的肝纤维化均明显改善;与OCA组相比,LH10组的Masson染色阳性面积比明显降低(附图4),说明LH10抗纤维化的效果更好。
肝脏中TGF-β1、HYP的含量与肝纤维化密切相关,TGF-β1对ECM合成和代谢具有重要作用;HYP胶原组织中含量丰富,是其特征性氨基酸,其含量可以用来判定纤维化的程度。通过检测小鼠肝脏组织中TGF-β1和HYP的含量(附图4C-D),与正常组相比,模型组两者含量显著增加,而OCA和LH10治疗组的两者含量均呈现不同程度的降低,反映了OCA和LH10能够通过减少ECM沉积,缓解肝纤维化。肝星状细胞(HSC)是肝脏中最具有活性的细胞类型之一,也是纤维化过程中最关键的效应细胞。HSC活化的一个显著特征是α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达增加,参与多种ECM成分的合成过程,如I型胶原、III型胶原、纤维连接蛋白等,导致肝纤维化的出现。通过检测肝脏α-SMA的基因表达,发现与模型组相比,治疗组的α-SMA基因表达均下降(附图4E)。如附图4F-G,通过检测肝脏组织TGF-β1、TIMP1、Collagen-1基因表达,发现在转录水平下,LH10同样可以降低小鼠肝脏肝纤维化基因TGF-β1、Colla1和TIMP1的表达,与OCA组相当,表明LH10能通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad通路降低肝纤维化。综上,LH10能够改善NASH小鼠的肝纤维化,降低肝纤维化相关的生化指标及基因表达。
Claims (5)
1.一种含有有效量的通式(I)所示的化合物:
其中:
R1选自以下任一结构:
R2选自以下任一结构:
2.权利要求1所定义的通式(I)化合物选自:
3.一种药物组合物,含有权利要求1-2所述的化合物及适当的载体或赋形剂。
4.权利要求1-2所定义的化合物在制备治疗FXR介导疾病的药物中的用途。
5.权利要求1-2所定义的化合物,或权利要求3所述药物组合物在制备预防或/和治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化、胆汁性腹泻、非酒精性脂肪肝炎、酒精性脂肪肝炎、胆汁淤积性肝病、药物诱导肝损伤、原发性硬化性胆管炎、门静脉高压、动脉粥样硬化、血脂障碍、高脂血症、器官纤维化、肝硬化、肝脏衰竭、胆结石、糖尿病及其并发症、炎症性肠病和肥胖症中至少一种疾病的药物中的用途。
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