CN116919579A - Safety monitoring system and method in microwave ablation operation - Google Patents
Safety monitoring system and method in microwave ablation operation Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
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- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safety monitoring system and method in microwave ablation, and belongs to the technical field of microwave ablation. Aiming at the problems that the safety monitoring means is not comprehensive in the microwave ablation operation process and the safety in the thermal therapy operation is not high in the prior art, the invention collects and acquires the needle bar temperature of the microwave radiator, the tissue temperature at the edge of the tumor and the standing wave ratio of the microwave output channel, sets a threshold value, compares the acquired temperature data and the standing wave ratio with the set threshold value, automatically closes the microwave output or reduces the microwave power when the safety problem occurs, prevents the occurrence of harm, realizes the effective monitoring in the microwave ablation operation and improves the safety of the thermal therapy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave ablation, in particular to a safety monitoring system and method in microwave ablation.
Background
Tumors are an ancient common disease that severely threatens human health, with malignant tumors being the most important disease class threatening human life, and the mortality rate of people with malignant tumors is high every year. For a long time, the development of efficient tumor treatment methods has been a struggle goal in the clinical medical community. The traditional mode of surgical excision of tumors often cannot completely excision the tumors due to easy diffusion of cancer cells, and has limited treatment effect. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy also causes damage to normal tissues. Along with the rapid development of tumor hyperthermia technology, microwave thermal ablation has been widely used with the advantages of effective minimally invasive, simple and easy operation and relatively low cost, and has become the main treatment means for hyperthermia.
Along with popularization and development of microwave ablation surgery, how to improve the success rate of surgery, reduce the recurrence rate of tumor and the like still need to be solved. The method is used for accurately judging the tumor ablation boundary, avoiding incomplete ablation of the tumor and protecting normal tissue and organs, and is one of important factors for reducing the recurrence rate of the tumor and complications.
In the current microwave ablation research, in the process of preparing a surgical plan, in-vitro experimental data of a specific microwave radiator are mostly adopted for estimating the prediction of a tumor ablation range, and an error which is difficult to evaluate exists between the result and the actual ablation surgical effect. Ultrasound imaging and minimally invasive temperature monitoring are the main means of intraoperative real-time determination of ablation boundaries. However, the severe water evaporation phenomenon in the ablation process makes the surrounding of the tumor easy to generate strong echo groups, and the real-time monitoring of the transient heating area with irregular shape is extremely difficult, so that the judgment of the ultrasonic imaging on the ablation boundary is inaccurate, and the insufficient heating is easy to generate so that tumor cells remain and even spread, thereby leading to ineffective treatment; excessive heating can cause unnecessary damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and patients can suffer more pain, sometimes even serious complications, and life-threatening. Therefore, real-time temperature monitoring using a temperature probe at the tumor border and adjacent large blood vessels, vital organs, etc. is still a common clinical approach.
Because judgment of the ablation boundary in the current operation is mainly based on an empirical temperature threshold (such as 60 ℃), dynamic analysis of biological tissue thermal injury during tumor microwave hyperthermia can obtain transmission and absorption of different microwave powers in tissues, and the correlation between the tissue thermal injury degree and temperature and action time is determined. Most of the cases of abnormal conditions in tumor hyperthermia clinic are determined and treated by clinical experience of doctors, and the incomplete or lack of effective monitoring means can reduce the accurate grasp of the doctors on the whole operation process and reduce the operation safety.
In summary, the prior art has not provided a system and effective solution for how to achieve safety monitoring in microwave ablation procedures.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems of incomplete safety monitoring means and low safety of thermotherapy operation in the microwave ablation operation process in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for safety monitoring in the microwave ablation operation, which automatically shut down microwave output or reduce microwave power when safety problems occur in the operation through data acquisition and logic calculation, prevent harm and realize effective monitoring in the microwave ablation operation.
2. Technical proposal
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for safely monitoring microwave ablation, which obtains a needle temperature of a microwave radiator, a tissue temperature of a tumor edge, and a standing wave ratio of a microwave output channel, filters and logically calculates the obtained data, controls the on or off of microwave output power according to a logic calculation result, sends alarm information, and displays a monitoring state.
Still further, the obtaining the temperature of the needle bar of the microwave radiator includes:
the microwave radiator punctures the tumor part of the human body, the microwave radiator generates a microwave field to heat the tumor and eliminate tumor cells, the temperature of the needle bar contacted with the tumor part of the human body is collected, when the temperature of the needle bar is greater than a threshold value, an alarm signal is sent out, the current state is displayed, and the microwave output power is reduced, so that the temperature of the needle bar is reduced.
Still further, the obtaining the tissue temperature of the tumor margin includes:
and collecting the temperature of normal tissue at the edge of the tumor by a side-opening temperature measuring needle, sending out alarm information and displaying the current state when the tissue temperature is greater than a threshold value, and closing microwave power output.
Further, the obtaining the standing wave ratio of the microwave output channel includes:
detecting the difference value of the incident wave and the reflected wave of the microwave radiator, sending out an alarm signal and displaying the current state when the abrupt change value of the difference value exceeds a threshold value, and closing the microwave power output.
Further, the microwave radiator comprises a cooling unit, and the flow rate of the cooling unit is monitored;
and when the flow of the cooling unit is lower than the threshold value, sending out alarm information, displaying the current state and closing the microwave power output.
Still further, the filtering the acquired data includes arithmetically averaging the acquired data.
The invention monitors the flow of the microwave radiator cooling unit by collecting the needle bar temperature, the tissue temperature and the microwave standing wave ratio in the microwave ablation operation, automatically alarms and controls when the system is abnormal, realizes real-time monitoring, prevents hazard and improves safety.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a microwave ablation intraoperative safety monitoring system, which comprises a front end module, a main control module and a transmission module; the transmission module is connected with the front end module and the main control module, the transmission module transmits control instructions of the main control module to equipment of the front end module, and signals generated by the equipment of the front end module are transmitted to the main control module through the transmission module.
Further, the front-end module comprises a microwave radiator and a side-opening temperature measuring needle.
Further, the main control module comprises a temperature measurement and control unit, an early warning unit and a microwave source control unit, wherein the temperature measurement and control unit is connected with the front-end module, and acquires temperature data of the front-end module equipment and carries out logic judgment; the early warning unit sends out warning signals according to the judging result of the temperature measurement and control unit, and the microwave source control unit is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the microwave output power when the early warning unit alarms.
Still further, the transmission module includes detection collection unit, flow collection unit and display element, and detection collection unit is used for gathering microwave output channel's standing wave ratio data, and flow collection unit is used for detecting the flow signal of the interior water-cooling circulation liquid of microwave radiator, and display element is used for showing the result of safety monitoring.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The monitoring system of the invention carries out real-time safety monitoring in the microwave ablation operation process, carries out real-time acquisition and monitoring on indexes such as microwave power, needle bar temperature, tissue temperature, standing wave ratio, ablation needle flow and the like, and ensures that the output is in a control range; meanwhile, the display unit is arranged, the collected information indexes are displayed and early-warned in the display unit, so that the monitoring system can be intuitively monitored in real time, and the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured;
(2) When the monitoring system detects that the microwave radiator rod exceeds the protection setting temperature, the system automatically alarms, and starts an overtemperature protection function to stop microwave output or reduce microwave power; when the standing wave ratio of the microwave radiator is automatically detected in real time by the system, an alarm is given when the standing wave ratio suddenly changes and exceeds a threshold value, once the system gives an abnormal alarm, an operator can quickly check the specific position where the fault occurs, and the operator can quickly and safely perform the system with high safety;
(3) The monitoring system can be matched with platform software such as a safe operation and maintenance monitoring platform, a centralized management platform and the like to provide more comprehensive centralized configuration management and maintenance functions, and is matched with different microwave radiator accesses, so that the stability of the monitoring system is ensured, the full-service supervision and the full-process supervision are realized, and the system is safe, stable and practical;
(4) The monitoring system of the invention uses a professional index measurement method to accurately reflect the quality of signals in detail, can realize the requirements of automatic analysis and monitoring of fault conditions and various interferences, can perform automatic monitoring, supervision and monitoring work, and realizes comparatively systematic and comprehensive index monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the monitoring method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the invention for collecting the temperature of the needle bar;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the standing wave ratio acquisition device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention for acquiring tissue temperature;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention for collecting flow;
the reference symbols in the drawings indicate:
100. a front end module; 101. a microwave radiator; 102. a temperature measuring needle is opened sideways; 200. a main control module; 201. a temperature measurement and control unit; 202. an early warning unit; 203. a microwave source control unit; 300. a transmission module; 301. a detection acquisition unit; 302. a flow collection unit; 303. and a display unit.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the accompanying specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a safety monitoring system in microwave ablation, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a front end module 100, a main control module 200 and a transmission module 300; the transmission module 300 is connected with the front end module 100 and the main control module 200, the transmission module 300 transmits the control instruction of the main control module 200 to the equipment of the front end module 100, and the signals generated by the equipment of the front end module 100 are transmitted to the main control module 200 through the transmission module 300.
The front end module 100 includes a microwave radiator 101 and a side-opening temperature measuring needle 102, in this embodiment, the microwave radiator 101 is a microwave ablation needle, the microwave ablation needle radiates microwave power into focal tissues to implement ablation treatment, and the cooling water circulation loop cools the microwave ablation needle so as to prevent the needle rod from being scalded to normal tissues of a patient by overtemperature.
When the monitoring system in this embodiment is running, the main control module 200 collects the temperature of the front end module 100, the first collected temperature is the temperature of the needle bar of the microwave radiator 101 of the cooling water circulation loop, and the second collected temperature of the tissue at the edge of the tumor is collected by the side-opening temperature measuring needle 102.
When the needle bar temperature is collected, the thermistor sensor is used for converting the needle bar temperature into a corresponding resistor, then the conversion circuit is used for converting the resistor value into a voltage value corresponding to the resistor, and the corresponding needle bar temperature is obtained through logic conversion. When tissue temperature at the edge of a tumor is acquired, the tissue temperature is converted into weak voltage corresponding to the tissue temperature by using a thermocouple temperature sensor, the weak voltage is amplified to a voltage value of 0-3.3V corresponding to the weak voltage by using a signal amplification and conversion circuit, and the corresponding tissue temperature is obtained through logic conversion.
The main control module 200 comprises a temperature measurement and control unit 201, an early warning unit 202 and a microwave source control unit 203, wherein the temperature measurement and control unit 201 is connected with the front-end module 100, and acquires temperature data of the front-end module 100 and carries out logic judgment; the early warning unit 202 is used for sending out an alarm signal, and the microwave source control unit 203 is used for controlling the closing of the microwave radiator 101 or the detection acquisition unit 301 during early warning, so as to control the starting and stopping of the microwave output power.
The transmission module 300 includes a detection and acquisition unit 301, a flow acquisition unit 302, and a display unit 303, where the detection and acquisition unit 301 is configured to detect standing-wave ratio data of a microwave output channel, perform data acquisition, and during detection and acquisition, convert forward power and reverse power of the microwave transmission channel into voltage values respectively by using forward detection sensors and reverse detection sensors, and convert the voltage values into standing-wave ratio values of the corresponding transmission channel through logic conversion. The flow acquisition unit 302 is used for detecting a flow signal of the water-cooling circulating liquid in the microwave radiator 101, so as to ensure the normal operation of the cooling module. The display unit 303 is configured to display a result of the security monitoring, so that the monitoring process is more intuitive.
Example 2
Based on the system described in embodiment 1, this embodiment discloses a safety monitoring method in microwave ablation, in which a temperature measurement and control unit 201 respectively collects and acquires the needle bar temperature of a microwave radiator 101, a side-open temperature measurement needle 102 collects the tissue temperature of the edge of a tumor, a detection collection unit 301 detects standing wave ratio data of a microwave output channel, then filters and calculates the collected and detected data, and sends alarm information through an early warning unit 202 according to the calculation result, and displays the alarm information on a display unit 303, and at the same time, a microwave source control unit 203 controls the on and off of microwave output power of the microwave radiator 101.
As shown in the flow chart of the monitoring method shown in fig. 2, firstly, the temperature of the needle rod of the microwave radiator 101, the tissue temperature at the edge of the tumor and the standing wave ratio of the microwave output channel of the microwave radiator 101 are respectively collected; and filtering the data of the acquired needle bar temperature, tissue temperature and standing wave ratio. In this embodiment, an arithmetic average filtering method is performed on each collected data, and other filtering methods may be used in practical applications to remove noise in the collected data and to remove interference data in the collected data. The technology of high-power microwave signal interference can avoid false alarm caused by inaccurate temperature measurement of equipment and influence on equipment use.
The filtered collected data is logically calculated, and the threshold values of the needle bar temperature and the tissue temperature standing wave ratio are set respectively, wherein the logic calculation is to compare the collected data with the threshold value, if the collected data is larger than the threshold value, the system alarms through the early warning unit 202 and stops microwave output or reduces microwave output power under the control of the microwave source control unit 203 of the main control module 200, and the display unit 303 displays the reason of stopping the microwaves.
According to the standard requirement of the microwave thermosetting equipment, the temperature of the contact part of the thermosetting device and normal tissues of the interventional thermosetting equipment is not more than 45 ℃, and the temperature of the contact part of the superficial tissue thermosetting device and the normal tissues is not more than 51 ℃ so as to prevent the damage of the normal tissues. In the embodiment, the temperature threshold of the hour rod is set to be 45 ℃, the tissue temperature threshold is set to be 53 ℃ and the standing wave ratio threshold is set to be 3.0 in logic calculation. As shown in fig. 2, whether the temperature of the needle bar is greater than 45 ℃, the tissue temperature is greater than 53 ℃, and the standing-wave ratio is greater than 3.0 is respectively determined, and when the logic calculation is performed, one of the conditions is met, namely the control of stopping microwave output through the microwave source control unit 203 of the main control module 200 is controlled, corresponding information is sent to the display unit 303, the display unit 303 displays the standing-wave ratio abnormal code, and the user is informed.
As an improvement of the present embodiment, when the temperature of the collected needle bar is greater than the threshold value, the microwave source control unit 203 adjusts the microwave power output according to the temperature signal and the power information correspondence table, thereby reducing the temperature of the needle bar of the microwave radiator 101 instead of turning off the microwave output. The monitoring system of this embodiment is provided with an output control means enabling the power output to be reduced to 10W or less.
The display unit 303 displays corresponding prompt information according to the received alarm information sent by the main control module 200, and reminds the user to perform corresponding examination.
As shown in fig. 3, when the temperature of the needle rod is collected, the microwave radiator 101 directly pierces the tumor part of the human body, the microwave radiator 101 generates a microwave field to quickly heat the inside of the tumor, and when the temperature in the tumor is raised to about 60 ℃, cancer cell proteins are denatured and coagulated to cause irreversible necrosis, so that the diffusion of tumor cells is inhibited, and meanwhile, the influence on other normal tissues is very small.
At this time, the temperature measurement and control unit 201 collects the temperature of the human needle rod contacted by the microwave radiator 101 through the temperature measurement module arranged on the microwave radiator 101, and when the temperature is greater than 45 ℃, the temperature abnormality code early warning signal is sent out by the early warning unit 202, and the early warning signal is displayed by the display unit 303 to inform the user.
The early warning unit 202 sends out signals to the microwave source control unit 203 at the same time, and the microwave source control unit 203 regulates down the microwave power output according to the temperature signals and the power information correspondence table, so as to reduce the temperature of the needle bar of the microwave radiator 101. The monitoring system of this embodiment is provided with an output control means enabling the power output to be reduced to 10W or less.
As shown in fig. 4, when the standing-wave ratio is collected, the detection collection unit 301 is connected to the microwave radiator 101, and when the detection collection unit 301 detects that the difference value between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the microwave radiator 101 (i.e., the standing-wave ratio) is more than 3.0, the early warning unit 202 sends out an early warning signal of an abnormal code of the standing-wave ratio, and the display unit 303 displays the early warning signal to inform the user.
The early warning unit 202 sends signals to the microwave source control unit 203 at the same time, and the microwave source control unit 203 controls the microwave source to close the microwave sending signals, so as to close the microwave output signals of the microwave radiator end 101.
In this embodiment, the detection acquisition unit 301 adopts a multi-state detection technology, and the flow acquisition unit 302 uses a precise flow sensor and a software and hardware filtering method, so that the data reliability is improved, the lack or lack of effective monitoring means in the prior art is improved, the accurate grasp of a doctor on the whole operation process is reduced, and the operation safety is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 5, when the temperature of the tissue is collected, the side-open thermo-needle 102 is used for testing the temperature of the normal tissue at the edge of the tumor, and when the temperature measurement and control unit 201 detects that the temperature of the side-open thermo-needle 102 is greater than 53 ℃, an overtemperature anomaly code early-warning signal is sent out by the early-warning unit 202, and a notification to the user is displayed by the display unit 303.
The pre-warning unit 202 sends a signal to the microwave source control unit 203 at the same time, and the microwave source control unit 203 controls the microwave source to close the microwave power output, thereby closing the microwave output signal of the microwave radiator 101.
The microwave radiator 101 of the present embodiment further includes a cooling unit, which is a cooling water circulation loop. Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the transmission module 300 is provided with a flow acquisition unit 302, which is configured to detect a flow signal of the liquid in the cooling water circulation loop in the microwave radiator 101, and when the detected flow signal is lower than a set threshold, for example, lower than 5mL/min, the early warning unit 202 sends out an early warning signal of a low flow abnormal code, and the early warning state is displayed on the display unit 303 to inform the user.
The pre-warning unit 202 sends a signal to the microwave source control unit 203 at the same time, and the microwave source control unit 203 controls the microwave source to close the microwave power output, thereby closing the microwave output signal of the microwave radiator 101.
The foregoing has been described schematically the invention and embodiments thereof, which are not limiting, but are capable of other specific forms of implementing the invention without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The drawings are also intended to depict only one embodiment of the invention, and therefore the actual construction is not intended to limit the claims, any reference number in the claims not being intended to limit the claims. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical scheme are not creatively designed without departing from the gist of the present invention, and all the structural manners and the embodiment are considered to be within the protection scope of the present patent. In addition, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the inclusion of a plurality of such elements. The various elements recited in the product claims may also be embodied in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote a name, but not any particular order.
Claims (10)
1. A safety monitoring method in microwave ablation is characterized in that the needle bar temperature of a microwave radiator, the tissue temperature of the edge of a tumor and the standing wave ratio of a microwave output channel are obtained, the obtained data are filtered and logically calculated, the opening or closing of the microwave output power is controlled according to a logic calculation result, and alarm information is sent and the monitoring state is displayed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the temperature of the needle of the microwave applicator comprises:
the microwave radiator punctures the tumor part of the human body, the microwave radiator generates a microwave field to heat the tumor and eliminate tumor cells, the temperature of the needle bar contacted with the tumor part of the human body is collected, when the temperature of the needle bar is greater than a threshold value, an alarm signal is sent out, the current state is displayed, and the microwave output power is reduced, so that the temperature of the needle bar is reduced.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining tissue temperature at the edge of the tumor comprises:
and collecting the temperature of normal tissue at the edge of the tumor by a side-opening temperature measuring needle, sending out alarm information and displaying the current state when the tissue temperature is greater than a threshold value, and closing microwave power output.
4. The method for monitoring safety in microwave ablation according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the standing wave ratio of the microwave output channel comprises:
detecting the difference value of the incident wave and the reflected wave of the microwave radiator, sending out an alarm signal and displaying the current state when the abrupt change value of the difference value exceeds a threshold value, and closing the microwave power output.
5. The method for monitoring safety in microwave ablation according to claim 2, wherein the microwave radiator includes a cooling unit for monitoring a flow rate of the cooling unit;
and when the flow of the cooling unit is lower than the threshold value, sending out alarm information, displaying the current state and closing the microwave power output.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein filtering the acquired data comprises arithmetically averaging the acquired data.
7. A safety monitoring system in microwave ablation operation, characterized in that the safety monitoring system in microwave ablation operation is used, and the system comprises a front-end module, a main control module and a transmission module; the transmission module is connected with the front end module and the main control module, the transmission module transmits control instructions of the main control module to equipment of the front end module, and signals generated by the equipment of the front end module are transmitted to the main control module through the transmission module.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the front end module comprises a microwave radiator and a side-on thermodetector.
9. The system for monitoring safety in microwave ablation according to claim 7, wherein the main control module comprises a temperature measurement and control unit, an early warning unit and a microwave source control unit, the temperature measurement and control unit is connected with the front end module, and temperature data of the front end module are collected and logically judged; the early warning unit sends out warning signals according to the judging result of the temperature measurement and control unit, and the microwave source control unit is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the microwave output power when the early warning unit alarms.
10. The system according to claim 7, wherein the transmission module comprises a detection acquisition unit, a flow acquisition unit and a display unit, the detection acquisition unit is used for acquiring standing wave ratio data of the microwave output channel, the flow acquisition unit is used for detecting flow signals of water-cooled circulating liquid in the microwave radiator, and the display unit is used for displaying a result of safety monitoring.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210323865.6A CN116919579A (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Safety monitoring system and method in microwave ablation operation |
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